CH 131 Exam One

percentage composition

%element= (# of atoms x atomic weight of element)/(formula weight of compound) all multiplied by 100%

C to F

(C x 9/5) + 32

Alkali metals are known to form ions with a charge of____________.

+1

alpha particles

+2 charge and large mass

beta particles

-1 charge and small mass

for oxyanions they end in ___ and ____

-ate or -ite

when naming acids, if anion ends in -ide change it to ____ and add ____

-ic and add hydro-

when naming acids, anion ending in -ate is changed to

-ic with no prefix

when naming anions, -ine endings go to ___

-ide

when naming acids, anion ending in -ite changes to

-ous with no prefix

convert 750 mL to L

.750L

convert 400 nm to km

0.0000000004km

convert 7.3 meters to miles

0.00453miles

mL to L

1 L in 1000 mL

g to mL

1 g in 1 mL

cm to km

1 m in 100 cm, 1 km in 1000 m

Ba2+

Barium ion

C4H10

Butane

states that a sample of pure matter will have the same elemental composition, regardless of source.

Law of Constant Composition

Pb2+

Lead (II) ion

who taught that atoms were infinite in number, uncreated and eternal

Leucippus and Democritus

K+

Potassium ion

C3H8

Propane

Protons were discovered by

Rutherford

Ag+

Silver ion

Sr2+

Strontium ion

SO4 2- SO3 2-

Sulfate Sulfite

What is the name of the following acid? H2SO3

Sulfurous Acid

Zn2+

Zinc ion

When a molecule is formed from more than one type of element, it is called

a compound

If it is composed of more than one type of atom or molecule, it is

a mixture

What is the difference between a molecule and a compound?

a molecule is made up of more than one atom of the same element and a compound is made up of more than one atoms of different elements

If a sample of matter is composed of only one type of atom or molecule, it is called

a pure substance

refers to the proximity of a measurement to the true value of a quantity.

accuracy

CH3COO-

acetate ion

formed by an anion and enough H+ ions to balance the anion's charge

acid

a compound which yields hydrogen ions when dissolved in water.

acids

group 1a

alkali metals

group 2a

alkaline earth metals

Al(NO3)3

aluminum nitrate

NH4+

ammonium ion

addition of an electron to atom resulting in negatively charged ion

anion

Nonmetals generally form cations or anions?

anions

amu

atomic mass unit

atoms are defined by their

atomic number

Each element is composed of extremely small particles called

atoms

all matter is composed of

atoms

Br-

bromide ion

CO3 2-

carbonate ion

removal of an electron from atom resulting in positively charged ion

cation

metals generally form cations or anions?"

cations

Which of the following is a physical change: oxidation, changes of state, decomposition, combustion

changes of state

changes that result in new substances

chemical changes

concise representations of chemical reactions.

chemical equations

Can only be observed when a substance is changed into another substance

chemical properties

toxicity, oxidation states, heat of combustion, chemical stability, flammability, coordination number, reactivity, possible chemical bonds, enthalpy of formation

chemical properties

the study of the properties and behavior of matter.

chemistry

ClO3-

chlorate ion

Cl-

chloride ion

CrO4 2-

chromate ion

Separation based on the difference in solubility in a solvent is called?

chromatography

reaction in which two or more substances react to form one product

combination

reaction that is generally a rapid reaction that produce a flame (CO2 and H2O), involve hydrocarbons reacting with oxygen in the air

combustion reactions

formed when atoms of more than one element combine; a given compound always has the same relative number and kind of atoms.

compounds

a fraction, equal to 1, with the numerator and denominator expressed in different units

conversion factor

Which of the following is considered a chemical change: sublimation of dry ice, boiling water, cooking an egg, breaking glass

cooking an egg

CN-

cyanide ion

density formula

d= m/v

reaction in which one substance breaks down into two or more substances

decomposition

Cl2O

dichlorine monoxide

Cr2O7 2-

dichromate ion

accounts for the units when mathematical operations are performed on measured values.

dimensional analysis

N2O4

dinitrogen tetroxide

What is the name of the following compound? N2O4

dinitrogen tetroxide

Separation based on the boiling points of substance of a homogeneous mixture is called?

distillation

When an exact number is used in a calculation, significant figure rules _____ apply to that value

do not

subatomic particles w negative charge

eelectrons

octa

eight

the building blocks of all forms of matter

elements

Most matter is formed when

elements combine to form molecules

gives the relative number of each type of atom in a compound. It does not necessarily give the total number of each type of atom.

empirical formula

values that have no uncertainty

exact

Depend upon the amount of the substance present

extensive properties

volume, mass, length, weight, size

extensive properties

An intensive property depends on the amount of the substance present. true or false

false

Isotopes of an element have the same number of proton but a different number of electrons. true or false

false

Nonmetals are good conductors of heat. true or false

false

The separation of a solid substance from a liquid is called?

filtration

The Oil-Drop Experiment was used to

find the charge of the electron

penta

five

F-

fluoride ion

When to use Avogadro's number

formula units and moles

the sum of the atomic weights of its component atoms

formula weight

tetra

four

What state of matter has no defined volume and no defined shape?

gas

neither volume nor shape are fixed; sample takes on volume and shape of its container

gas

when to use molar mass

grams and moles

Columns on the Periodic Table are called

groups

granite rock, plant tissue, blood, wood

heterogenous

mixture that have regions of varying composition are

heterogenous

Mixtures that are uniform throughout are

homogenous

milk, air, gasoline, salt water

homogenous

A small amount of salt, completely dissolved in water is an example of a _____________

homogenous mixture

H-

hydride ion

H+

hydrogen ion

H3O+

hydronium ion

OH-

hydroxide ion

When will something float on water?

if it is less than the density of water (1.00g/mL)

___ refer to compounds that do not contain carbon

inorganic

what particles are inside the nucleus of an atom and what is outside

inside- protons and neutrons outside- electrons

Are independent of the amount of the substance that is present

intensive properties

boiling point, color, luster, hardness, temp

intensive properties

I-

iodide ion

an atom in which the number of protons and electrons are not equal

ion

In compounds, electrons are transferred from one atom to another.

ionic

___ compounds are generally combinations of metals and nonmetals.

ionic

atom formed by either adding or removing electrons from atom

ions

Add/Subtract w significant figures

keep fewest number of decimal places

Multiplication/Division w significant figures

keep fewest number of significant figures

the reactant present in the smallest stoichiometric amount

limiting reactant

has a fixed volume, but no fixed shape

liquid

how do you calculate average atomic mass?

mass x abundance + the next isotopes mass x abundance...

refers to anything that takes up space and has mass

matter

Calcium is a

metal

An ionic compound is normally formed from ________.

metal and nonmetal

between metals and nonmetals

metalloids

CH4

methane

Which of the following are considered a homogeneous mixture: milk, blood, wood, granite rock

milk

the mass of 1 mol of a substance (i.e., g/mol).

molar mass

In compounds, electrons are not transferred.

molecular

___ compounds are generally combinations of nonmetals only.

molecular

provides the type and number of atoms in a given molecule. The atom is represented by its atomic symbol, the number of atoms by a subscript after the symbol

molecular formula

Atoms can combine together to form

molecules

subatomic particles w no charge

neutrons

NO3-

nitrate ion

N3-

nitride ion

NF3

nitrogen trifluoride

gamma particles

no charge and no mass

Group 18 or 8A is known as _____________.

noble gases

group 8a

noble gases

formula weight

number of molecule x amu (mass) of molecule + the next

What information does the atomic number give us?

number of protons

mass number

number of protons + neutrons of atom

mono

one

O2-

oxide ion

theoretical yield

percent yield= (actual yield/ theoretical yield) x 100%

refers to the weight percent of each element in a compound.

percentage composition

ClO4-

perchlorate ion

Rows of the Period Table are called

periods

MnO4-

permanganate ion

O2 2-

peroxide ion

PO4 3-

phosphate ion

These are changes in matter that do not change the composition of a substance

physical changes

Can be observed without changing a substance into another substance

physical properties

see, hear, feel, touch, smell, measure

physical properties

refers to the proximity of several measurements to each other

precision

what appears on the right side of the equation

products

characteristic that allows us to distinguish a type of matter from other matter.

property

subatomic particles w positive charge

protons

What is found in an atom?

protons, neutrons, electrons

atomic number is the number of ___ in the atom

prtons

Some atoms were found to spontaneously emit high energy radiation called

radioactivity

what appears on the left side of the equation

reactants

particles w sam charge attract or repel each other

repel

hexa

six

Which of the following is an extensive property: color, hardness, size, luster

size

When a cation is formed from an atom the radius of the resulting ion is ____________,

smaller than original atom

NaCl

sodium chloride

Na+

sodium ion

has a fixed shape and volume.

solid

is the quantitative analysis of a chemical reaction.

stoichiometry

What interaction holds the nucleons in an atom's nucleus together?

strong nuclear force

difference in subscripts and coefficients

subscripts tell the number of atoms of each element of molecules coefficients tell the number of molecules

SO4 2-

sulfate ion

SO4^2-

sulfate ion

S2-

sulfide ion

deca

ten

P4S10

tetraphosphorus decasulfide

per- is used on

the anion with one more oxygen than the anion ending in -ate

The Cathode Ray Experiment discovered

the charge to mass ratio of the electron

The mass number of an elements tells us _______________.

the number of protons and neutrons in the atom

hypo- is used on

the one with one less oxygen than the ion ending in -ite

tri

three

Mercury is a

transition metal

on the periodic table, groups 3 to 12

transition metals

di

two

A molecular compound is normally formed from __________.

two nonmetals

atomic theory of matter

•Each element is composed of extremely small particles called atoms. •All atoms of a given element are identical to each other, and different from those of a different element. •Atoms are neither created or destroyed in chemical reactions •Compounds are formed when more than one type of atom combine.

example of chemical changes

◦Combustion, oxidation, decomposition, etc.

Count the number of significant figures in the value 0.2070

4

The largest of the Great Lakes is Lake Superior, which has a volume of 12,230 km3. What is the volume in liters?

1.223x 10^16

Please do the following calculation. Please answer in correct significant figures. (2.78 x 4.0)/7.20 =

1.5

Please do the following calculation. Please answer in correct significant figures. 2.300 + 7.78 + 0.0009 =

10.08

cm to m

100 cm in 1 m

deci- d

10^-1

pico

10^-12

femto

10^-15

centi- c

10^-2

milli- m

10^-3

micro

10^-6

nano

10^-9

kilo- k

10^3

mega- M

10^6

giga- G

10^9

According to our lecture how many elements are currently known?

118

The Toyota Prius has a gas mileage of 51 miles per gallon. What would it be in km/L? Please answer in correct significant figures?

2.5 km/L

cm to in

2.54 cm in 1 inch

convert 78.9 degrees fahrenheit to degrees celsius

26.1

There are two stable isotopes, 35Cl (75.77%) and 37Cl (24.23%), giving chlorine a standard atomic weight of

35.45

F to C

5/9 (F - 32)

ft to mile

5280 ft in 1 mile

Avogadro's number

6.02 x 10^23

hepta

7

nona

9

What is the chemical formula for Aluminum Carbonate?

Al2(CO3)3

Al3+

Aluminum ion

What is the name of the following compound? NH4Cl

Ammonium Chloride

The theory that atoms are the fundamental building blocks of matter reemerged in the early nineteenth century, championed by John Dalton

Atomic Theory of Matter

C to K

C + 273

What is the chemical formula for Calcium Nitrate?

Ca(NO3)2

Cd2+

Cadmium ion

Ca2+

Calcium ion

Cs+

Cesium ion

group 6a

Chalcogens

example of physical changes

Changes of state, temperature, volume, etc

Cr3+

Chromium (III) ion

Co2+

Cobalt (II) ion

Cu+

Copper (I) ion

Cu2+

Copper (II) ion

C2H6

Ethane

group 7a

Halogens

A carbon chain with 6 carbons is known as __________.

Hexane

What is the name of the following compound?

Iron (II) Carbonate

FeCl2

Iron (II) Chloride

Fe2+

Iron (II) ion

FeCl3

Iron (III) Chloride

Fe3+

Iron (III) ion

Neutrons were discovered by

James Chadwick

Li+

Lithium ion

Mg2+

Magnesium ion

Mn2+

Manganese (II) ion

Law of Conservation of Mass

Matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change

Hg2 2+

Mercury (I) ion

Hg2+

Mercury (II) ion

What is the chemical formula for Sodium Phosphate?

Na3PO4

Ni2+

Nickel (II) ion

NO3- NO2-

Nitrate Nitrite

Sn2+

Tin (II) ion