Ch 14 Brain & Cranial Nerves

Which ventricle is located within the brain stem? First ventricle Third ventricle Fourth ventricle Second ventricle

4th

Which passageway connects the third and fourth ventricles? Interventricular foramen Cerebral aqueduct Septum pellucidum Central canal

Cerebral aqueduct

Which cells are most directly associated with the formation of CSF? Arachnoid granulations Neurons Astrocytes Ependymal cells

Ependymal cells

Which of the following structures attach the pituitary gland to the brain? Pia mater Hypothalamus Optic chiasm Infundibulum

Infundibulum

Which of the following ventricles is found under the corpus callosum? Lateral ventricles Fornix Fourth ventricle Third ventricle

Lateral ventricles

Which of the following landmarks divides the cerebrum in half? Longitudinal fissure Lateral sulcus Transverse fissure Vermis

Longitudinal fissure

Name the membranous encasement surrounding the brain. Choroid plexus Meninges Epineurium Lamina propria

Meninges

Which region contains the corpora quadrigemina? Epithalamus Pons Medulla oblongata Midbrain

Midbrain

Which of these statements about the medulla oblongata is FALSE? -It encloses the fourth ventricle. -It lies between the cervical spinal cord and the pons. -It relays sensory and motor information. -None of these statements about the medulla oblongata is false.

None of these statements about the medulla oblongata is false.

Which of the following glands can be observed on the ventral surface of the sheep brain? Olfactory bulb Pituitary gland Mammillary body Pineal gland

Pituitary gland

Which of the following areas form the central core of the brain? Hypothalamus Epithalamus Cerebellum Thalamus

Thalmus

What is the last spot where CSF circulates before being resorbed by the circulatory system? A choroid plexus The subarachnoid space The median aperture of the fourth ventricle The arachnoid villi The central canal

The arachnoid villi

Which statement is true regarding the meninges and cerebrospinal fluid of the spinal cord and brain? -There is an epidural space associated with the spinal meninges, but not with the cranial meninges. -The meninges around the brain are not the same as those around the spinal cord. -Spinal fluid is secreted both in the brain and in the spinal cord areas. -There is a subarachnoid space within the spinal meninges but not the cranial meninges. -The choroid plexuses are located only within the brain, not within the spinal cord.

The choroid plexuses are located only within the brain, not within the spinal cord.

What is the function of white matter? Transmits messages Processes information Supports neurons Produces cerebrospinal fluid

Transmits messages

Which of the following is not a function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)? -Remove waste from brain cells -Cushion the brain -Support the weight of the brain -Transport blood to brain structures

Transport blood to brain structures

Which of the following landmarks separate the cerebrum from the cerebellum? Transverse fissure Central sulcus Longitudinal fissure Corpus callosum

Transverse fissure

The cerebellum __________. -adjusts posture -coordinates learned movements -has peduncles connecting to the cerebrum -All of the listed responses are correct.

all of the above

Which of the following is a function of the diencephalon? -to secrete cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) -to regulate body temperature -to process and transmit sensory information -All of these are functions of the diencephalon.

all of the above

Which of the following is a function of the hypothalamus? produces ADH secretes oxytocin regulates body temperature controls autonomic centers All of the answers are correct.

all of the above

Which of the following is a property of the blood-brain barrier? -It is absent in portions of the hypothalamus. -The capillary endothelial cells are interconnected by tight junctions. -Astrocytes surround the CNS capillaries. -It is generally permeable to lipid-soluble compounds. -All of the answers are correct.

all of the above

Which of the following is a property of the mamillary bodies? -controls reflex eating movements -located in posterior hypothalamus -shaped like little breasts -processes olfactory information -All of the answers are correct.

all of the above

Which of the following statements about the choroid plexus is correct? -It consists of specialized ependymal cells that produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). -Its product, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), has a composition distinctly different from that of blood. -It can be found in the third ventricle, lateral ventricles, and fourth ventricle. -All of the listed responses are correct.

all of the above

Which of these is found in the pons? -nuclei for four cranial nerves -respiratory control nuclei -tracts to the cerebellum -All of these are found in the pons.

all of the above

Which of these statements about the medulla oblongata is true? -It connects the brain and spinal cord. -The medulla oblongata relays all communication between the brain and spinal cord. -It coordinates complex autonomic functions. -All of the listed responses are correct.

all of the above

What part of the limbic system helps control the flight-or-flight response? mamillary bodies hippocampus fornix amygdaloid body

amygdaloid body

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaves the central nervous system (CNS) and enters the circulation at the __________. arachnoid trabeculae arachnoid granulations pia mater denticular ligaments

arachnoid granulations

The white matter of the cerebellum forms the pyramid. flocculonodular lobe. folia. vermis. arbor vitae.

arbor vitae

The cerebellum can be permanently damaged by stroke or temporarily affected by drugs or alcohol. The resulting disturbance in motor control is known as Parkinson's. ataxia. dysphagia. aphasia. epilepsy.

ataxia

Hydrocephalus, or "water on the brain," may result from -excessive production of cerebrospinal fluid. -excessive water intake. -blockage of circulation of CSF. -deficient production of cerebrospinal fluid. -blockage of CSF circulation or excessive CSF production.

blockage of CSF circulation or excessive CSF production.

The medulla oblongata regulates -food intake. -somatic motor contractions. -auditory reflexes. -blood pressure and respiration. -vision and hearing.

blood pressure and respiration.

If the pons was damaged, which of the following functions would be affected? control of blood pressure breathing sleep patterns coordination judgment

breathing

Identify the passageway found in the spinal cord that is continuous with the ventricles. Choroid plexus Central canal Cerebral aqueduct Interventricular foramina

central canal

In the spinal cord, the cerebrospinal fluid is found within the __________. -central canal and subarachnoid space -central canal and epidural space -subdural and epidural spaces -subarachnoid and epidural spaces

central canal and subarachnoid space

Making rapid postural adjustments is a major function of the __________. cerebellum medulla oblongata cerebrum diencephalon

cerebellum

Nerve fiber bundles on the ventrolateral surface of the mesencephalon are the -corpora quadrigemina. -inferior colliculi. -superior colliculi. -tegmenta. -cerebral peduncles.

cerebral peduncles.

Which region of the brain is necessary for consciousness? Cerebellum Brain stem Diencephalon Cerebrum

cerebrum

A neural cortex is found on the surface of the pons. cerebrum. thalamus. midbrain.

cerebrum.

What is the function of the thalamic nuclei - medial group? -forms feedback loops, which affect emotional states (integrates sensory information) -part of the limbic system involved with emotion and motivation -relays information from the basal nuclei of the cerebrum to somatic areas of cerebral cortex -connect emotional centers in the hypothalamus with the cerebral hemispheres

connect emotional centers in the hypothalamus with the cerebral hemispheres

Stimulation of the reticular activating system results in -coughing. -coma. -sleep. -increased consciousness. -decreased cerebral function.

consciosness

What is the function of the cerebrum? Dr. Taylor bled into her left cerebral hemisphere. What is the function of the cerebrum? -conscious thought processes, intellectual functions, memory storage and processing, and conscious/subconscious control of skeletal muscle -coordinates complex somatic motor patterns and adjusts the output of other somatic motor centers -processes visual and auditory data, generates reflexive somatic motor responses, and maintains consciousness -controls emotions, has autonomic functions, and functions in hormone productions in addition to being a center for the relay and processing of sensory information

conscious thought processes, intellectual functions, memory storage and processing, and conscious/subconscious control of skeletal muscle

The pons is involved in all of the following EXCEPT __________. -automatically processes incoming sensations -respiration -control of food intake -connections to cerebellum

control of food intake

What is the function of the cerebellum? -processes visual data -coordination of complex motor patterns -conscious thought -relays sensory information to the thalamus

coordination of complex motor patterns

The thalamus is often called the "air traffic controller" of the brain because it -controls the autonomic functions of the body, such as the fight-or-flight response. -controls reflexes. -determines the routing of incoming sensory information to the correct cerebral cortex area. -passes motor information on to the cerebellum. -determines what can enter the brain from the blood.

determines the routing of incoming sensory information to the correct cerebral cortex area.

The pineal gland is part of the -diencephalon. -mesencephalon. -hypothalamus. -midbrain. -3rd ventricle.

diencephalon.

Specialized ________ cells form the secretory component of the choroid plexus. ependymal blood appended astrocytes epididymal

ependymal

The limbic system is responsible for __________ -controlling the movements of the limbs -visual reflexes -body temperature regulation -establishing emotional states

establishing emotional states

Which of the following is/are true of the epithalamus? -forms the roof of the diencephalon -processes sensory information and relays it to the cerebrum -creates the lateral ventricles -forms the cerebrum -contains the mammillary body

forms the roof of the diencephalon

What type of tissue makes up the cerebral cortex? Meninges Gray matter White matter Nerves

gray

The ________ is important in storage and recall of new long-term memories. mamillary bodies cingulate gyrus fornix amygdaloid body hippocampus

hippocampus

The ________ provides the principal link between the nervous and endocrine systems. hypothalamus pons cerebrum medulla oblongata cerebellum

hypothalamus

The folds of the surface of the cerebrum -are called sulci. -are bathed in spinal fluid. -consist of axons and dendrites of neurons. -form a network of blood vessels over the brain. -increase the surface area of the cerebrum.

increase the surface area of the cerebrum.

The medulla oblongata relays auditory information to the -inferior colliculi. -cerebral peduncles. -superior colliculi. -red nuclei. -substantia nigra.

inferior colliculi.

The sense of taste projects to the gustatory cortex located in the ________ and ________. -insula; frontal lobe -insula; parietal lobe -precentral gyrus; prefrontal cortex -corpus callosum; fornix -frontal lobe; temporal lobe

insula; frontal lobe

Commissural fibers -link the cerebral cortex to the diencephalon. -cross from one cerebral hemisphere to the other hemisphere. -interconnect areas of cerebral cortex. -carry pain information to the correct brain structure. -are divided by the longitudinal fissure.

interconnect areas of cerebral cortex. (Corpus callosum is made of commissural fibers)

The hypothalamus is a key player in the endocrine system because -it produces enzymes that are involved in the production of hormones. -its autonomic controls also run all of the endocrine organs. -it communicates with all other endocrine organs of the body. -it controls the pituitary gland directly underneath it. -None of the answers is correct.

it controls the pituitary gland directly underneath it.

The optic tracts carry visual information from the retina to the pulvinar. supraoptic nuclei. medial geniculates. paraventricular nuclei. lateral geniculates.

lateral geniculates.

The control of heart rate and blood pressure is based in the cerebrum. cerebellum. diencephalon. heart. medulla oblongata.

medulla oblongata

Which of the following structures is not part of the central nervous system? Optic tract Optic chiasm Mammillary body Optic nerve

optic nerve (nerves are in PNS)

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is confined between the __________ and the __________. -epidural space; subdural space -pia mater; dura mater -pia mater; arachnoid mater -dura mater; arachnoid mater

pia mater; arachnoid mater

The tracts that connect the cerebellum to the brain stem are located in the pons. thalamus. mesencephalon. medulla oblongata. diencephalon.

pons.

Which of the following is a function of the thalamus? -secrete melatonin -process sensory information and relay it to the cerebrum -store memories -regulate food intake -secrete cerebrospinal fluid

process sensory information and relay it to the cerebrum

What is the function of the midbrain? -coordination of complex motor patterns -processes visual data -relays sensory information to the thalamus -conscious thought

processes visual data

What is the function of the pons? -relays sensory information to the thalamus and connects the cerebellum to the cerebrum -coordination of complex motor patterns -processing visual data -conscious thought

relays sensory information to the thalamus and connects the cerebellum to the cerebrum

The wall between the lateral ventricles is called the fornix. falx cerebri. cerebral aqueduct. septum pellucidum. corpus callosum.

septum pellucidum.

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulates within the __________. denticulate ligaments epidural space subarachnoid space subdural space

subarachnoid space

Injury to this center in the mesencephalon may lead to Parkinson's disease. mammillary bodies superior colliculi red nuclei substantia nigra

substantia nigra

Which part of the mesencephalon coordinates reflex eye movements? substantia nigra mammillary bodies red nuclei superior colliculi

superior colliculi

What part of the corpora quadrigemina is clearly observed in a midsagittal section? Corpus callosum Inferior colliculus Superior colliculus Optic chiasm

superior colliculus

Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the pons. midbrain. medulla oblongata. thalamus. cerebellum.

thalamus.

If you are reading and you unexpectedly hear a loud noise, your head generally snaps up. Which portion of the midbrain is most likely to be responsible for this reflexive motion? the red nucleus the substantia nigra the superior colliculus the inferior colliculus

the inferior colliculus

Why might damage to the pons be sufficient to cause death? -The pons contains white fibers that enable the cerebral hemispheres to communicate with each other. -The pons controls the production of hormones that regulate pituitary gland cells. -The pons contains the pneumotaxic and apneustic centers. -All of the listed responses are correct.

the pons contains the pneumotaxic and apneustic centers. (respiratory centers)

The composition of gray matter includes neuron cell bodies. True False

true

The cerebellar hemispheres are separated by a band of cortex called the flocculonodular lobe. vermis. arbor vitae. folia. pyramid.

vermis

Damage to the corpora quadrigemina would interfere with -regulation of body temperature. -control of breathing. -control of autonomic function. -conscious control of skeletal muscles. -visual and auditory reflex movements of the head and neck.

visual and auditory reflex movements of the head and neck.