Ch. 16
What are the structures of the eye in order from superficial to deep?
1.) Choroid 2.) Photoreceptors 3.) Horizontal Cells 4.) Bipolar Cells
What are the layers of the eye in order from superficial to deep.
1.) Fibrous Tunic 2.) Vascular Tunic 3.) Retina
Which is a type of tonic receptor that detects both continuous deep pressure and distortion of the skin?
Bulbous Corpuscles
What eye disorder causes "milky" vision?
Cataracts
Receptors initiate sensory input to the...
Central Nervous System
__________ are receptors that detect chemicals.
Chemoreceptors
What structure is filled with pigment from melanocytes?
Choroid
Which are part of the fibrous tunic?
Cornea & Sclera
The receptors for the special senses are found within the...
Cranium
What type of receptor is found in the mucous membrane?
Exteroceptors
True or False: Compared to many other animals, our olfactory ability is vastly more sensitive and more highly developed.
False
What are types of papillae?
Filiform, Fungiform, Foliate, & Vallate
Which may result in symptoms such as reduced field of vision, dim vision, and/or halos around lights?
Glaucoma
What type of receptor is found in smooth muscle of organs?
Interoceptors
Where are tears located?
Lacrimal Apparatus
Where are the end bulbs located?
Oral & Nasal Cavities
What type of receptor can undergo adaptation?
Phasic Receptor
What type of receptor detects changes in light?
Photoreceptors
What type of receptors makes you aware of your body positioning?
Propioreceptors
__________ include only the somatic sensory receptors within joints, muscles, and tendons.
Propioreceptors
The area that a receptor cell gathers information from is called the...
Receptive Field
Which structures contain exteroceptors?
Skin & Oral Cavity
Which are basic taste sensations?
Sweet, Salty, Sour, Bitter, & Umami
What is the most numerous type of receptor?
Tactile Receptors
What structure transforms one type of energy into a different type of energy?
Transducers
Which are characteristics of the cornea?
Transparent & Avascular
True or False: Unlike other sensory information, olfactory pathways do not project to the thalamus.
True
Which layer of the eye contains the blood and lymph vessels?
Vascular Tunic
Refraction of light for vision is greatest as light rays pass from __________ into __________ because the difference in their refractive index is maximal.
air; cornea
Taste buds are made of gustatory cells, supporting cells, and __________ cells.
basal
Gustatory cells are found in taste __________.
buds
Gustatory cells are __________.
chemoreceptors
The iris is continuous with the __________.
ciliary body
When light hits the eye, the pupil __________ in bright light or __________ in dim light.
contracts; dilates
A __________ shaped lens is used to treat hyperopia and a __________ shaped lens is used to treat myopia.
convex; concave
Free nerve endings are terminal branches of __________.
dendrites
The primary function of the __________ is to prevent large objects from contacting the eye.
eyelashes
In a taste bud, the basal cells replace the __________ cells.
gustatory
The vitreous body is also called vitreous __________.
humor
Where are photoreceptors located?
in the neural layer of the retina
The sclera...
is made of dense connective tissue and provides for eye shape.
Pacinian corpuscles are also called...
lamellated corpuscles
The nasolacrimal duct is found on the __________ side of the nose.
lateral
What structure focuses incoming light onto the retina?
lens
Lacrimal fluid prevents bacterial infection because it contains an antibacterial enzyme called __________.
lysozyme
Macular degeneration occurs when the __________ degenerates.
macula lutea
Tactile receptors are a type of __________.
mechanoreceptors
The stimulating agent is also called the __________ of stimulus.
modality
Accommodation is the process of making the lens __________.
more spherical
A detached retina is more likely to occur if a person is __________.
nearsighted
A lack of photoreceptors in this structure creates the "blind spot".
optic disc
The fat surrounding the eye is called __________ fat.
orbital
The portion of the conjunctiva on the inside of the eyelid is called the __________.
palpebral conjunctiva
The sphincter pupillae is controlled by the __________ division of the nervous system.
parasympathetic
As tears drain, through the lacrimal caruncle, they enter small holes called the lacrimal __________.
puncta
The apparent distortion of the spoon in the water glass is due to the phenomenon called __________.
refraction
The ora serrata extends anteriorly from the __________.
retina
Specialized free nerve endings that surround hair follicles are called ________ hair plexuses.
root
Receptors for general senses are usually...
simple in structure
Olfaction is the sense of __________.
smell
Tactile cells associated with tactile discs are located in the __________.
stratum basale
The __________ ligaments connect the ciliary body to the lens.
suspensory
We have the ability to distinguish one odor among __________ of different ones.
thousands
The balance receptors in the ear are an example of __________ receptors.
tonic
Neurons in the olfactory bulb travel through the olfactory __________ to the brain.
tract
The conjunctiva is __________.
vascular
The two types of nociceptors are somatic nociceptors and __________ nociceptors.
visceral
The posterior cavity contains the __________ humor.
vitreous
What color is the macula lutea?
yellow
