Ch. 16

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What are the structures of the eye in order from superficial to deep?

1.) Choroid 2.) Photoreceptors 3.) Horizontal Cells 4.) Bipolar Cells

What are the layers of the eye in order from superficial to deep.

1.) Fibrous Tunic 2.) Vascular Tunic 3.) Retina

Which is a type of tonic receptor that detects both continuous deep pressure and distortion of the skin?

Bulbous Corpuscles

What eye disorder causes "milky" vision?

Cataracts

Receptors initiate sensory input to the...

Central Nervous System

__________ are receptors that detect chemicals.

Chemoreceptors

What structure is filled with pigment from melanocytes?

Choroid

Which are part of the fibrous tunic?

Cornea & Sclera

The receptors for the special senses are found within the...

Cranium

What type of receptor is found in the mucous membrane?

Exteroceptors

True or False: Compared to many other animals, our olfactory ability is vastly more sensitive and more highly developed.

False

What are types of papillae?

Filiform, Fungiform, Foliate, & Vallate

Which may result in symptoms such as reduced field of vision, dim vision, and/or halos around lights?

Glaucoma

What type of receptor is found in smooth muscle of organs?

Interoceptors

Where are tears located?

Lacrimal Apparatus

Where are the end bulbs located?

Oral & Nasal Cavities

What type of receptor can undergo adaptation?

Phasic Receptor

What type of receptor detects changes in light?

Photoreceptors

What type of receptors makes you aware of your body positioning?

Propioreceptors

__________ include only the somatic sensory receptors within joints, muscles, and tendons.

Propioreceptors

The area that a receptor cell gathers information from is called the...

Receptive Field

Which structures contain exteroceptors?

Skin & Oral Cavity

Which are basic taste sensations?

Sweet, Salty, Sour, Bitter, & Umami

What is the most numerous type of receptor?

Tactile Receptors

What structure transforms one type of energy into a different type of energy?

Transducers

Which are characteristics of the cornea?

Transparent & Avascular

True or False: Unlike other sensory information, olfactory pathways do not project to the thalamus.

True

Which layer of the eye contains the blood and lymph vessels?

Vascular Tunic

Refraction of light for vision is greatest as light rays pass from __________ into __________ because the difference in their refractive index is maximal.

air; cornea

Taste buds are made of gustatory cells, supporting cells, and __________ cells.

basal

Gustatory cells are found in taste __________.

buds

Gustatory cells are __________.

chemoreceptors

The iris is continuous with the __________.

ciliary body

When light hits the eye, the pupil __________ in bright light or __________ in dim light.

contracts; dilates

A __________ shaped lens is used to treat hyperopia and a __________ shaped lens is used to treat myopia.

convex; concave

Free nerve endings are terminal branches of __________.

dendrites

The primary function of the __________ is to prevent large objects from contacting the eye.

eyelashes

In a taste bud, the basal cells replace the __________ cells.

gustatory

The vitreous body is also called vitreous __________.

humor

Where are photoreceptors located?

in the neural layer of the retina

The sclera...

is made of dense connective tissue and provides for eye shape.

Pacinian corpuscles are also called...

lamellated corpuscles

The nasolacrimal duct is found on the __________ side of the nose.

lateral

What structure focuses incoming light onto the retina?

lens

Lacrimal fluid prevents bacterial infection because it contains an antibacterial enzyme called __________.

lysozyme

Macular degeneration occurs when the __________ degenerates.

macula lutea

Tactile receptors are a type of __________.

mechanoreceptors

The stimulating agent is also called the __________ of stimulus.

modality

Accommodation is the process of making the lens __________.

more spherical

A detached retina is more likely to occur if a person is __________.

nearsighted

A lack of photoreceptors in this structure creates the "blind spot".

optic disc

The fat surrounding the eye is called __________ fat.

orbital

The portion of the conjunctiva on the inside of the eyelid is called the __________.

palpebral conjunctiva

The sphincter pupillae is controlled by the __________ division of the nervous system.

parasympathetic

As tears drain, through the lacrimal caruncle, they enter small holes called the lacrimal __________.

puncta

The apparent distortion of the spoon in the water glass is due to the phenomenon called __________.

refraction

The ora serrata extends anteriorly from the __________.

retina

Specialized free nerve endings that surround hair follicles are called ________ hair plexuses.

root

Receptors for general senses are usually...

simple in structure

Olfaction is the sense of __________.

smell

Tactile cells associated with tactile discs are located in the __________.

stratum basale

The __________ ligaments connect the ciliary body to the lens.

suspensory

We have the ability to distinguish one odor among __________ of different ones.

thousands

The balance receptors in the ear are an example of __________ receptors.

tonic

Neurons in the olfactory bulb travel through the olfactory __________ to the brain.

tract

The conjunctiva is __________.

vascular

The two types of nociceptors are somatic nociceptors and __________ nociceptors.

visceral

The posterior cavity contains the __________ humor.

vitreous

What color is the macula lutea?

yellow


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