ch. 16 & 20 test review

Aspirin alleviates pain, inflammation, and fever by inhibiting prostaglandins.

TRUE

Ingestion of certain lactic acid bacteria (LABs) has been shown to be beneficial for function and health of the intestinal tract.

TRUE

Maturation of stem cells into mature blood cells occurs in the red bone marrow.

TRUE

histamine and kinins cause increased blood flow and capillary permeability

TRUE

microorganisms that are members of the normal microbiota are also known to cause disease

TRUE

all of the following pertain to fever EXCEPT that it

accelerates microbial growth by increasing iron absorption from the digestive tract

activation of C3a results in

acute inflammation

margination refers to

adherence of phagocytes to the lining of blood vessels.

which of the following antimicrobial agents is recommended for us against fungal infections

amphotericin b

in table 20.2, the antibiotic that exhibited bactericidal action was

answer cannot be determined

in table 20.2, which antibiotic would be most useful for treating a salmonella infection

answer cannot be determined

all of the following are components of the inflammatory process EXCEPT

antibody synthesis

the classical pathway for complement activation is initiated by

antigen-antibody reactions

Lamisil is an allylamine used to treat dermatomycoses. Lamisil's method of action is similar to that of

azole antibiotics

most of the available microbial agents are effective against

bacteria

a chill is a sign that

body temperature is rising.

in what ways are semisynthetic penicillins and natural penicillins alike?

both are based on b-lactam

from the data in table 20.1, you can predict that the effect of the drug on a different microbe

cant be predicted from the info provided

Lysozome and the antibiotic penicillin have similar mechanisms of action in that they both cause damage to the bacterial

cell wall

which of the following is mismatched

chemotaxis- chemical degradation inside a phagolysosome

After ingesting a pathogen, lysosomal enzymes produce all of the following EXCEPT

complement

which of the following is found normally in serum?

complement

Several inherited deficiencies in the complement system occur in humans. Which of the following would be the MOST severe?

deficiency of C3

antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) frequently work by

disrupting the plasma membrane

which of the following is involved in resistance to parasitic helminths

eosinophils

which of the following would be selective against the tubercle bacillus

ethambutol- inhibits mycolic acid and synthesis

all of the following are effects of histamine EXCEPT

fever

Which compound would be the most useful to treat candidiasis?

flucytocine

each of the following provides protection from phagocytic digestion EXCEPT

formation of phagolysosomes

A drug that inhibits mitosis, such as griseofulvin, would be more effective against

fungi

The swelling associated with inflammation decreases when the fluid

goes into lymph capillary

Niclosamide prevents ATP generation in mitochondria. You would expect this drug to be effective against

helminths

which of the following is the effect of opsonization?

increased adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms

the antimicrobial effects of AMPs include all of the following EXCEPT

inhibition of phagocytosis

which of the following methods of action would be bacteriostatic

inhibition of protein synthesis

The antibiotic tetracycline binds to the 30S subunit of the ribosome as shown in Figure 20.1. The effect is to

interfere with the attachment of the tRNA to mRNA ribosome complex

each of the following is an effect of complement activation EXCEPT

interference with viral replication

innate immunity

is nonspecific and present at birth.

which of the following statements about drug resistance is FALSE

it is foudn only in gram-negative bacteria

in the presence of penicillin, a cell dies because

it undergoes lysis.

Penicillin was considered a "miracle drug" for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

it was the first antibiotic

the alternative pathway for complement activation is initiated by

lipid-carbohydrate complexes and C3

activation of C5-C9 results in

lysis of microbial cells

all of the following increase blood vessel permeability EXCEPT

lysozomes

phagocytes utilize all of the following to optimize interaction with (getting to and getting hold of) microorganisms EXCEPT

lysozyme

which of the following antibiotics does NOT interfere with cell wall synthesis

macrolides

which of the following exhibits the highest phagocytic activity?

macrophages

the lectin pathway for complement action is initiated by

mannose on the surface of microbes

leukotrienes are inflammatory vasoactive mediators produced by

mast cells and basophils

macrophages arise from which of the following

monocytes

Which non-specific defense mechanism is mismatched with its associated body structure or body fluid?

mucociliary escalator - intestines

in figure 20.2, chloramphenicol binds to te 50s ribosome subunit. what effect would occur if this drug is administered in a eukaryote?

nothing- eukaryotes have a 60S large ribsomal subunit, not a 50S

which of the following antimicrobial agents has the fewest side effects

penicillin

a child falls and suffers a deep cut on her leg. the cut went through her skin and she is bleeding. which of the following defense mechanisms will participate in eliminating contaminating microbes?

phagocytosis in the inflammatory response

which one of the following antibiotics is NOT bactericidal

polyenes

which of the following antibiotics is recommended for use against gram-negative bacteria

polymyxin

The antibiotic chloramphenicol binds to the 50S subunit of the ribosome as shown in Figure 20.2. The effect is to

prevent peptide bond formation in prokaryotes.

Neutrophils with defective lysosomes are unable to

produce toxic oxygen proteins

more than half of our antibiotics are

produced by bacteria

all of the following are effects of kinins EXCEPT

production of antibodies

innate immunity includes all the following EXCEPT

production of antibody

which one of the following compounds intensifies the effects of histamine and helps phagocytes migrate through capillary walls

prostaglandins

chronic inflammation can result in a(n) ???, which can cause impairment of normal tissue function.

scar tissue/fibrosis

are of the following are iron-binding proteins found in humans EXCEPT

siderophorin

which of the following organisms would MOST likely be sensitive to natural penicillin

streptococcus pyogenes

To date, most of our natural antibiotics have been found to be produced by members of what genus?

streptomyces

which of the following drugs does NOT act by competitive inhibition

streptomycin

which one of the following DOES NOT belong with the others

streptomycin

the antimicrobial drugs with the most broad spectrum of activity are

tetracyclines

if you tested a 2nd strand of S. aureus with the same methods and concentrations as indicated in table 20.2, but you found that the zone of inhibition caused by drug D had dropped to 2mm, what does this indicate?

the 2nd strain of bacteria is likely resistant to drug D

in figure 20.1, why is tetracycline selectively toxic against bacteria?

the drug binds to the 30S small ribosomal unit- eukaryotes have a 40S small subunit

A differential cell count is used to determine each of the following EXCEPT

the number of red blood cells

Protozoan and helminthic diseases are difficult to treat because

their cells are structually and functionally similar to human cells

which of the following statements is TRUE

there are at least thirty complement proteins

all of the following are part of the mechanism of action of alpha and beta interferons EXCEPT

they are effective for long periods

all of the following are true regarding NK cells EXCEPT

they destroy infected body cells by phagocytosis

which of the following statements about fixed macrophages is FALSE

they develop from neutrophils

normal microbiota provide protection from infection in each of the following ways EXCEPT

they produce lysozyme

the function of the "ciliary escalator" is to

trap inhaled dust and microorganisms in mucus and propel it away from the lower respiratory tract.

which of the following does NOT constitute an advantage of using two antibiotics together

two are always as effective as one

All of the following occur during inflammation. What is the first step?

vasodilation

drug resistance occurs

when antibiotics are used indiscriminately

In Table 20.1, the minimal inhibitory concentration of antibiotic X is

10 ug/ml

In Table 20.1, the minimal bactericidal concentration of antibiotic X is

15 ug/ml

which of the following antibiotics are used to treat fungal infections? 1. aminoglycocides 2. cephalosporins 3. grisefulvin 4. polyenes 5. bacitracin

3 and 4

death results if body temperature rises above

44-46 C

in table 20.2, the most effective antibiotic tested was

D (10 mm)

which of the following statements is FALSE?

Interferon inhibits glycolysis.

TLRs attach to all the following EXCEPT

AMPs

The complement protein cascade is the same for the classical pathway, alternative pathway, and lectin pathway after the point in the cascade where the activation of ??? takes place

C3

which of the following statements about the classical pathway with complement activation is FALSE

C3 is not involved in the classical pathway

which one of the following is a regulatory protein that prevents the assembly of C9 molecules in the complement cascade, effectively shutting down MAC production?

CD59

An example of a TLR would be peptidoglycan found in the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria.

FALSE

Digestion of microorganisms occurs in phagosomes.

FALSE

complement proteins in their intact and nonactivated form act as opsonins by binding to the microorganisms and promoting phagocytosis

FALSE

the dermis is composed of connective tissue and serves the primary purpose of providing direct protection from the external environment

FALSE

the inflammatory response

FALSE

which of the following is mismatched

Florey and Chain - identification of Penicillium as the producer of penicillin

which of the following statements is TRUE

Gamma interferon causes bactericidal activity by macrophages.

all of the following protect the skin and mucous membranes from infection EXCEPT

HCI