ch. 16 & 20 test review
Aspirin alleviates pain, inflammation, and fever by inhibiting prostaglandins.
TRUE
Ingestion of certain lactic acid bacteria (LABs) has been shown to be beneficial for function and health of the intestinal tract.
TRUE
Maturation of stem cells into mature blood cells occurs in the red bone marrow.
TRUE
histamine and kinins cause increased blood flow and capillary permeability
TRUE
microorganisms that are members of the normal microbiota are also known to cause disease
TRUE
all of the following pertain to fever EXCEPT that it
accelerates microbial growth by increasing iron absorption from the digestive tract
activation of C3a results in
acute inflammation
margination refers to
adherence of phagocytes to the lining of blood vessels.
which of the following antimicrobial agents is recommended for us against fungal infections
amphotericin b
in table 20.2, the antibiotic that exhibited bactericidal action was
answer cannot be determined
in table 20.2, which antibiotic would be most useful for treating a salmonella infection
answer cannot be determined
all of the following are components of the inflammatory process EXCEPT
antibody synthesis
the classical pathway for complement activation is initiated by
antigen-antibody reactions
Lamisil is an allylamine used to treat dermatomycoses. Lamisil's method of action is similar to that of
azole antibiotics
most of the available microbial agents are effective against
bacteria
a chill is a sign that
body temperature is rising.
in what ways are semisynthetic penicillins and natural penicillins alike?
both are based on b-lactam
from the data in table 20.1, you can predict that the effect of the drug on a different microbe
cant be predicted from the info provided
Lysozome and the antibiotic penicillin have similar mechanisms of action in that they both cause damage to the bacterial
cell wall
which of the following is mismatched
chemotaxis- chemical degradation inside a phagolysosome
After ingesting a pathogen, lysosomal enzymes produce all of the following EXCEPT
complement
which of the following is found normally in serum?
complement
Several inherited deficiencies in the complement system occur in humans. Which of the following would be the MOST severe?
deficiency of C3
antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) frequently work by
disrupting the plasma membrane
which of the following is involved in resistance to parasitic helminths
eosinophils
which of the following would be selective against the tubercle bacillus
ethambutol- inhibits mycolic acid and synthesis
all of the following are effects of histamine EXCEPT
fever
Which compound would be the most useful to treat candidiasis?
flucytocine
each of the following provides protection from phagocytic digestion EXCEPT
formation of phagolysosomes
A drug that inhibits mitosis, such as griseofulvin, would be more effective against
fungi
The swelling associated with inflammation decreases when the fluid
goes into lymph capillary
Niclosamide prevents ATP generation in mitochondria. You would expect this drug to be effective against
helminths
which of the following is the effect of opsonization?
increased adherence of phagocytes to microorganisms
the antimicrobial effects of AMPs include all of the following EXCEPT
inhibition of phagocytosis
which of the following methods of action would be bacteriostatic
inhibition of protein synthesis
The antibiotic tetracycline binds to the 30S subunit of the ribosome as shown in Figure 20.1. The effect is to
interfere with the attachment of the tRNA to mRNA ribosome complex
each of the following is an effect of complement activation EXCEPT
interference with viral replication
innate immunity
is nonspecific and present at birth.
which of the following statements about drug resistance is FALSE
it is foudn only in gram-negative bacteria
in the presence of penicillin, a cell dies because
it undergoes lysis.
Penicillin was considered a "miracle drug" for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
it was the first antibiotic
the alternative pathway for complement activation is initiated by
lipid-carbohydrate complexes and C3
activation of C5-C9 results in
lysis of microbial cells
all of the following increase blood vessel permeability EXCEPT
lysozomes
phagocytes utilize all of the following to optimize interaction with (getting to and getting hold of) microorganisms EXCEPT
lysozyme
which of the following antibiotics does NOT interfere with cell wall synthesis
macrolides
which of the following exhibits the highest phagocytic activity?
macrophages
the lectin pathway for complement action is initiated by
mannose on the surface of microbes
leukotrienes are inflammatory vasoactive mediators produced by
mast cells and basophils
macrophages arise from which of the following
monocytes
Which non-specific defense mechanism is mismatched with its associated body structure or body fluid?
mucociliary escalator - intestines
in figure 20.2, chloramphenicol binds to te 50s ribosome subunit. what effect would occur if this drug is administered in a eukaryote?
nothing- eukaryotes have a 60S large ribsomal subunit, not a 50S
which of the following antimicrobial agents has the fewest side effects
penicillin
a child falls and suffers a deep cut on her leg. the cut went through her skin and she is bleeding. which of the following defense mechanisms will participate in eliminating contaminating microbes?
phagocytosis in the inflammatory response
which one of the following antibiotics is NOT bactericidal
polyenes
which of the following antibiotics is recommended for use against gram-negative bacteria
polymyxin
The antibiotic chloramphenicol binds to the 50S subunit of the ribosome as shown in Figure 20.2. The effect is to
prevent peptide bond formation in prokaryotes.
Neutrophils with defective lysosomes are unable to
produce toxic oxygen proteins
more than half of our antibiotics are
produced by bacteria
all of the following are effects of kinins EXCEPT
production of antibodies
innate immunity includes all the following EXCEPT
production of antibody
which one of the following compounds intensifies the effects of histamine and helps phagocytes migrate through capillary walls
prostaglandins
chronic inflammation can result in a(n) ???, which can cause impairment of normal tissue function.
scar tissue/fibrosis
are of the following are iron-binding proteins found in humans EXCEPT
siderophorin
which of the following organisms would MOST likely be sensitive to natural penicillin
streptococcus pyogenes
To date, most of our natural antibiotics have been found to be produced by members of what genus?
streptomyces
which of the following drugs does NOT act by competitive inhibition
streptomycin
which one of the following DOES NOT belong with the others
streptomycin
the antimicrobial drugs with the most broad spectrum of activity are
tetracyclines
if you tested a 2nd strand of S. aureus with the same methods and concentrations as indicated in table 20.2, but you found that the zone of inhibition caused by drug D had dropped to 2mm, what does this indicate?
the 2nd strain of bacteria is likely resistant to drug D
in figure 20.1, why is tetracycline selectively toxic against bacteria?
the drug binds to the 30S small ribosomal unit- eukaryotes have a 40S small subunit
A differential cell count is used to determine each of the following EXCEPT
the number of red blood cells
Protozoan and helminthic diseases are difficult to treat because
their cells are structually and functionally similar to human cells
which of the following statements is TRUE
there are at least thirty complement proteins
all of the following are part of the mechanism of action of alpha and beta interferons EXCEPT
they are effective for long periods
all of the following are true regarding NK cells EXCEPT
they destroy infected body cells by phagocytosis
which of the following statements about fixed macrophages is FALSE
they develop from neutrophils
normal microbiota provide protection from infection in each of the following ways EXCEPT
they produce lysozyme
the function of the "ciliary escalator" is to
trap inhaled dust and microorganisms in mucus and propel it away from the lower respiratory tract.
which of the following does NOT constitute an advantage of using two antibiotics together
two are always as effective as one
All of the following occur during inflammation. What is the first step?
vasodilation
drug resistance occurs
when antibiotics are used indiscriminately
In Table 20.1, the minimal inhibitory concentration of antibiotic X is
10 ug/ml
In Table 20.1, the minimal bactericidal concentration of antibiotic X is
15 ug/ml
which of the following antibiotics are used to treat fungal infections? 1. aminoglycocides 2. cephalosporins 3. grisefulvin 4. polyenes 5. bacitracin
3 and 4
death results if body temperature rises above
44-46 C
in table 20.2, the most effective antibiotic tested was
D (10 mm)
which of the following statements is FALSE?
Interferon inhibits glycolysis.
TLRs attach to all the following EXCEPT
AMPs
The complement protein cascade is the same for the classical pathway, alternative pathway, and lectin pathway after the point in the cascade where the activation of ??? takes place
C3
which of the following statements about the classical pathway with complement activation is FALSE
C3 is not involved in the classical pathway
which one of the following is a regulatory protein that prevents the assembly of C9 molecules in the complement cascade, effectively shutting down MAC production?
CD59
An example of a TLR would be peptidoglycan found in the cell wall of gram-positive bacteria.
FALSE
Digestion of microorganisms occurs in phagosomes.
FALSE
complement proteins in their intact and nonactivated form act as opsonins by binding to the microorganisms and promoting phagocytosis
FALSE
the dermis is composed of connective tissue and serves the primary purpose of providing direct protection from the external environment
FALSE
the inflammatory response
FALSE
which of the following is mismatched
Florey and Chain - identification of Penicillium as the producer of penicillin
which of the following statements is TRUE
Gamma interferon causes bactericidal activity by macrophages.
all of the following protect the skin and mucous membranes from infection EXCEPT
HCI