BIOLOGY 171 Quiz 6

Which of the following best describes the role of many of the fungi in an ecosystem? Decomposers and producers Herbivores Autotrophs and producers Decomposers Autotrophs Producers Carnivores

Decomposers

Which of the following is an accurate distinction between NPP and GPP? NPP is a measure of mass/m2/year whereas GPP is a measure of energy/m2/year. In the deep waters of the ocean, light does not penetrate far and this prevents cellular respiration from occurring; thus in the deep sea GPP is equal to NPP. NPP is always greater than GPP, as primary producers occupy the base of trophic pyramids and have higher biomass than upper trophic levels. GPP is the amount of chemical energy produced through photosynthesis by photoautotrophs whereas NPP is the amount of chemical energy that is found in the biomass of primary producers. GPP can be measured by determining how much solar energy hits the Earth's surface, whereas NPP is not related to solar energy.

GPP is the amount of chemical energy produced through photosynthesis by photoautotrophs whereas NPP is the amount of chemical energy that is found in the biomass of primary producers.

Mycorrhizal associations are beneficial to the plant and have no cost to the plant True False

False

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE of nitrogen-fixing bacteria? They are very common in symbioses in all plant families. Some live in root nodules. Some are free-living in the soil. They provide an important way for biologically available nitrogen to enter ecosystems. They are very common in symbioses with plants from the legume family.

They are very common in symbioses in all plant families.

Which of the following are "usable" forms of nitrogen (N) that plants and other primary producers can use to build proteins? NO3 only N2, NO3 and NH4 NH4 only both NH4 and NO3 N2 only

both NH4 and NO3

Escherichia coli bacteria in your colon are best categorized as ____________. chemoheterotrophs photoautotrophs chemoautotrophs photoheterotrophs

chemoheterotrophs

Organisms that derive their energy and carbon from organic compounds are ____________. chemoheterotrophs photoautotrophs photoheterotrophs chemoautotrophs

chemoheterotrophs

Cellular respiration produces ______ from ________. Organic molecules are a source of ______ energy that cellular respiration transfers into _____ and transforms into _____. Carbon dioxide and water; oxygen and sunlight; kinetic; usable chemical energy in the form of glucose; heat energy that the cell can use to do work Carbon dioxide and water; organic molecules and oxygen; chemical potential; usable chemical energy in the form of ATP; heat energy that cannot do work Glucose and oxygen; carbon dioxide and water; chemical potential; usable chemical energy in the form of ATP; heat energy that cannot do work

Carbon dioxide and water; organic molecules and oxygen; chemical potential; usable chemical energy in the form of ATP; heat energy that cannot do work

Fungal cell walls are composed of what material? Cellulose and chitin Lignin and cellulose Lignin Chitin Lignin, cellulose, and chitin Cellulose Lignin and chitin

Chitin

Which of the following materials can serve as food sources for fungi? Select all correct choices. elephant dung (poop) in the Serengeti a fallen redwood tree in California the fruit in your refrigerator dead leaves in a New England forest a bear carcass in Siberia

elephant dung (poop) in the Serengeti a fallen redwood tree in California the fruit in your refrigerator dead leaves in a New England forest a bear carcass in Siberia

A cyanobacterial bloom occurred in Lake Erie near Toledo in summer 2014. This bloom was characteristic of a state of excessive algal growth that is known as ... productivity secondary productivity oligotrophication eutrophication sedimentation

eutrophication

Nitrogen runoff leads to large increases in the populations of algae and cyanobacteria in lakes and oceans in a process known as ____________. the greenhouse effect eutrophication ocean acidification nitrogen fixation global warming

eutrophication

What is the total amount of chemical energy produced by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis in a particular ecosystem? net primary production gross primary production total primary production respiration

gross primary production

If the net primary productivity of a system is 367.4 g C/m2/yr, and respiration is 111.3 g C/m2/yr, what is the gross primary productivity of this system? 256.1 g C/ m2/yr 3.3 g C/ m2/yr 423.05 g C/ m2/yr 311.75 g C/ m2/yr 478.7 g C/ m2/yr it is not possible to determine given the available information

478.7 g C/ m2/yr

Which of the following is TRUE regarding primary productivity in the Gulf of Mexico? Additions of fertilizers to farmlands in the Midwest lead to high nitrogen and phosphorus levels in the Mississippi River; when this enters the Gulf of Mexico, it drives extremely high primary productivity; when this excess algal growth dies, decomposition leads to very low oxygen levels The Gulf of Mexico contains high densities of bacteria that can fix phosphorus and nitrogen from the atmosphere; this drives extremely high primary productivity; when this excess bacterial growth dies, decomposition leads to very low oxygen levels Additions of fertilizers to farmlands in the Midwest lead to high nitrogen and phosphorus levels in the Mississippi River; when this enters the Gulf of Mexico, it drives extremely high primary productivity; this supports a productive fishery in the Gulf of Mexico The Gulf of Mexico contains high densities of bacteria that can fix phosphorus and nitrogen from the atmosphere; this fuels high rates of primary productivity, which supports a productive fishery in the Gulf of Mexico

Additions of fertilizers to farmlands in the Midwest lead to high nitrogen and phosphorus levels in the Mississippi River; when this enters the Gulf of Mexico, it drives extremely high primary productivity; when this excess algal growth dies, decomposition leads to very low oxygen levels

Based on the food web, which of the following statements regarding nitrogen is NOT possible? Note: in the answer options below, you can view "ammonia" and "ammonium" as interchangeable. A bilby has an atom of nitrogen in RNA; the bilby dies; the RNA is broken down by decomposers and the nitrogen released into an inorganic pool; it then undergoes denitrification by microbes and ends up in the atmosphere. An atom of nitrogen in a protein in a rabbit ends up inside the dingo when it eats the rabbit; the dingo digests the protein and assimilates the nitrogen, resulting in an amino acid inside the dingo. An atom of nitrogen that is in a feral cat can be released as urea; a decomposer breaks down the urea and releases it as ammonium (NH4+) which is then converted into nitrate (NO3-); the grass then takes up the nitrate and uses it to create a nucleic acid. An atom of nitrogen in the dingo might be released as N2 gas as a result of respiration. It would then enter the atmospheric pool of nitrogen, which is the largest pool of nitrogen. Nitrogen in the atmosphere can be fixed by lightning; the grass then takes up that fixed nitrogen and incorporates it into an amino acid.

An atom of nitrogen in the dingo might be released as N2 gas as a result of respiration. It would then enter the atmospheric pool of nitrogen, which is the largest pool of nitrogen.

Why do we see a pattern of high productivity in coastal areas? Choose all that apply. Because chemosynthetic bacteria primarily live in shallow coastal waters. Because sunlight can penetrate deep into coastal waters, but can only penetrate a few meters in the open ocean. Because coastal areas are concentrated near the equator, which has high rainfall and intense sunlight. Because coastal areas are often subject to upwelling due to wind and ocean currents, which bring nutrients from deeper water to the surface. Because aquatic photosynthetic organisms do not live in the open ocean. Because nutrient runoff from terrestrial sources often ends up in coastal waters and acts to fertilize phytoplankton.

Because coastal areas are often subject to upwelling due to wind and ocean currents, which bring nutrients from deeper water to the surface. Because nutrient runoff from terrestrial sources often ends up in coastal waters and acts to fertilize phytoplankton.

Porcini mushrooms (the reproductive structures of Boletus edulis, a fungus) appear in the forest every summer and fall. Boletus edulis are mycorrhizal fungi and associate with many different species of pine trees. Which statement about Boletus edulis is TRUE? Boletus edulis are chemoheterotrophs, they build cell walls made of chitin, and provide the pine tree hosts with phosphate (PO43-). Boletus edulis will take up carbon dioxide from the soil and use it to synthesize fungal proteins. Boletus edulis perform the important ecosystem service of nitrogen fixation in forests; they also build cell walls made of chitin. Boletus edulis are photoautotrophs that break down sugars in cellular respiration; they also build cell walls made of chitin. Boletus edulis are chemoautotrophs that use organic molecules as an energy source and convert carbon dioxide into organic molecules.

Boletus edulis are chemoheterotrophs, they build cell walls made of chitin, and provide the pine tree hosts with phosphate (PO43-).

Use the freshwater food web and your knowledge of ecosystem ecology to answer this question. Note: Nostoc species are microscopic cyanobacteria. Cladophora species are macroscopic green algae. Chironomids are insects. Which statement about nitrogen cycling is FALSE? A steelhead fish dies. Decomposers transform the proteins and nucleic acids in the steelhead tissues and release ammonia into the water. The ammonia reacts with water to make ammonium. A diatom takes up the ammonium and uses the nitrogen atom to build a nucleic acid. Denitrification is an important flux that can take inorganic forms of nitrogen that producers can use and convert them into nitrogen gas; chironomids (insects) can perform this role in this food web. All of the organisms in this food web are an organic pool of nitrogen. A chironomid (insect) is consumed by a minnow. The proteins in the chironomid are digested and the amino acids, which contain nitrogen atoms, are used to build proteins in the minnow. Nitrogen fixation by aquatic bacteria converts atmospheric nitrogen gas into an inorganic form of nitrogen that Nostoc can take up.

Denitrification is an important flux that can take inorganic forms of nitrogen that producers can use and convert them into nitrogen gas; chironomids (insects) can perform this role in this food web.

Waterwheel is an underwater photosynthetic carnivorous plant that only lives in wetlands, and is native to Australia, Asia, Africa, and Europe. It has no roots, and instead gets nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus from trapping and digesting zooplankton (including small crustaceans and insects), amphibians, and occasionally small fish. Which of the following is accurate about the movement of energy in wetlands where waterwheel is found? (Choose all accurate statements; there are at least two) Energy from waterwheel can be transformed by aquatic herbivores into kinetic energy used for doing cellular work. Because waterwheel does photosynthesis, it does not also do cellular respiration. Decomposition of aquatic organisms by bacteria and archaea provides energy for waterwheel. Because waterwheel does photosynthesis, it gets energy from sunlight and carbon from inorganic molecules.

Energy from waterwheel can be transformed by aquatic herbivores into kinetic energy used for doing cellular work. Because waterwheel does photosynthesis, it gets energy from sunlight and carbon from inorganic molecules.

Which of the following is the best description of how the amount of energy changes from the base to the top of a trophic pyramid? Available energy decreases linearly (on a standard scale) from the base to the top of a trophic pyramid. Energy in the top level of a trophic pyramid is transferred to the primary producer level when the top consumer dies. Energy transfer is more efficient from primary producer to primary consumer than from secondary consumer to tertiary consumer. Energy in one trophic level is used to provide energy for growth and maintenance of organisms in that trophic level; some is also lost as heat, and the remainder can be used to support organisms in the next higher trophic level. Energy is stored in different molecules in primary producers than in consumers, which accounts for the shape of a trophic pyramid.

Energy in one trophic level is used to provide energy for growth and maintenance of organisms in that trophic level; some is also lost as heat, and the remainder can be used to support organisms in the next higher trophic level.

Which of the following is true of gross primary production (GPP), net primary production (NPP) and cellular respiration? Choose all valid statements; there are two. Read carefully, as there may be multiple similar gross primary production and net primary production questions on this quiz. Plants contribute to gross primary production (GPP), but plants do not lose production due to cellular respiration Gross primary production (GPP) is equal to the net primary production (NPP), minus the energy lost due to cellular respiration Gross primary production (GPP) is equal to the sum of the net primary production (NPP) and the amount of production lost due to cellular respiration Gross primary production (GPP) is always greater than net primary production (NPP) Net primary production (NPP) is always greater than the amount of production lost due to cellular respiration

Gross primary production (GPP) is equal to the sum of the net primary production (NPP) and the amount of production lost due to cellular respiration Gross primary production (GPP) is always greater than net primary production (NPP)

Conversion of N2 gas into NH3 (ammonia) is accomplished by which of the following types of bacteria? NH3 (ammonia) in water forms NH4 (ammonium) which primary producers can take up and use. denitrifying bacteria assimilating bacteria bacteria that cause human diseases nitrogen-fixing bacteria none of these choices - prokaryotes are not involved in this conversion

nitrogen-fixing bacteria

Use the freshwater food web and your knowledge of ecosystem ecology to answer this question. Note: Nostoc species are microscopic cyanobacteria. Cladophora species are macroscopic green algae. Chironomids are insects. Which statement about this freshwater ecosystem is FALSE? Photoautotrophs, such as Cladophora, use CO2 during photosynthesis to build organic molecules that contain chemical potential energy; Cladophora releases O2 gas into the atmosphere. Iron is most likely a limiting nutrient in this freshwater ecosystem. The photoautotrophs in this food web belong to Domain Bacteria and Domain Eukarya. Phosphorus is most likely a limiting nutrient in this freshwater ecosystem. If we measure that net primary production in this food web equals 10,000 kJ energy/ m2/year and we measure that cellular respiration by producers accounts for 4,500 kJ energy/m2/year, then gross primary production in this ecosystem must equal 14,500 kJ energy/m2/year.

Iron is most likely a limiting nutrient in this freshwater ecosystem.

A researcher wants to determine if a unicellular organism he discovered is an autotroph or a heterotroph. He radioactively labels the carbon in CO2 (carbon dioxide) and C6H12O6 (glucose), and exposes one culture of his organism to the labeled CO2 (carbon dioxide) and another culture to the labeled C6H12O6 (glucose). What would happen if this organism is an autotroph? Labeled carbon would be seen in the carbohydrates of C6H12O6 (glucose)-exposed organisms. Labeled carbon would not be seen in the carbohydrates of either culture. Labeled carbon would be seen in the carbohydrates of CO2-exposed organisms. Labeled carbon would be seen in carbohydrates of both cultures.

Labeled carbon would be seen in the carbohydrates of CO2-exposed organisms.

Radioactive isotopes are used to trace the movement of elements through ecosystems. Radioactive nitrogen is introduced into a wetland ecosystem in eukaryotic phytoplankton cells. Which of the following is correct about how radioactive nitrogen would move through a wetland where cattail plants live? Note: in the answer options below, you can view "ammonia" and "ammonium" as interchangeable. N in the phytoplankton is in the form of ammonium (NH4+); when the phytoplankton die, the ammonium is assimilated by the cattails, where it will be incorporated into a fat molecule. N in the phytoplankton is in protein; if algae is consumed, the labeled N can be assimilated into zooplankton, which then can be consumed, digested, and assimilated by the cattails and used to make DNA. N in the phytoplankton is in DNA, and when the phytoplankton die, decomposers release the N as ammonium (NH4+), which is then converted to nitrate (NO3-). Nitrate is converted to N2 gas by denitrifying bacteria. The N2 gas is fixed by nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria, and assimilated into the cyanobacteria as a protein. The N moves through the food chain by consumption, digestion, and assimilation, and may never enter cattails

N in the phytoplankton is in DNA, and when the phytoplankton die, decomposers release the N as ammonium (NH4+), which is then converted to nitrate (NO3-). Nitrate is converted to N2 gas by denitrifying bacteria. The N2 gas is fixed by nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria, and assimilated into the cyanobacteria as a protein. The N moves through the food chain by consumption, digestion, and assimilation, and may never enter cattails.

What term(s) reflect(s) the amount of energy available to herbivores in the biomass of photoautotrophs? GPP NPP GPP AND NPP + Respiration NPP + Respiration Total ecosystem productivity Respiration

NPP

Is the nitrogen cycle different in marine than in terrestrial biomes? Yes, because the organisms living in marine environments do not require as much nitrogen as organisms living in terrestrial environments. Yes, because only terrestrial organisms can fix nitrogen (e.g. Rhizobia). No, because in all biomes, denitrification makes nitrogen available to primary producers, and nitrogen fixation takes inorganic N and converts it into organic N. No, because the main reservoir of nitrogen is the atmosphere, and nitrogen fixation can occur in both marine and terrestrial systems.

No, because the main reservoir of nitrogen is the atmosphere, and nitrogen fixation can occur in both marine and terrestrial systems.

In 2015, over 200,000 Saiga antelopes died in Kazakhstan, and researchers recently determined that a severe bacterial infection caused these deaths. 200,000 dead antelopes greatly changed the ecosystem processes occurring in the dry grasslands of Kazakhstan (48 degrees north latitude). Is the following statement likely or not likely to occur following the mass death of these animals? Soil microbial respiration will increase, thereby increasing oxygen output from the soil. Likely Not likely

Not likely

So-called "dead zones" in coastal oceans are associated with nutrient runoff and oxygen-depleted bottom waters. What causes the oxygen depletion? Nutrient runoff enhances population growth of cyanobacteria and algae, which consume oxygen via aerobic respiration. Nutrient runoff causes the waters to warm, which causes them to lose oxygen. Nutrient runoff enhances population growth rates of algae and cyanobacteria. When the phytoplankton cells die, this big pulse of detritus increases population sizes of decomposers which consume oxygen during cellular respiration. Nutrient runoff enhances population growth of algae and cyanobacteria, which consume oxygen via photosynthesis. Nutrient runoff enhances population growth of cyanobacteria and algae which, in turn, support the growth of fish populations. Fish consume oxygen via aerobic respiration.

Nutrient runoff enhances population growth rates of algae and cyanobacteria. When the phytoplankton cells die, this big pulse of detritus increases population sizes of decomposers which consume oxygen during cellular respiration.

How does energy enter a food web? Cellular respiration captures solar energy, and using carbon dioxide, converts it into chemical energy stored in the bonds or organic molecules such as sugars. Energy to sustain a food web is conserved; it does not enter or leave a food web. Photosynthetic organisms capture solar energy, and using carbon dioxide, convert it into chemical potential energy in organic molecules such as sugars. Decomposers recycle energy from dead and decaying material into available nutrients for plants.

Photosynthetic organisms capture solar energy, and using carbon dioxide, convert it into chemical potential energy in organic molecules such as sugars.

How do fungi obtain macromolecules, like sugars and amino acids, needed for growth and metabolism? Choose all that apply: Fungi are photoautotrophs; the fruiting bodies (e.g. mushrooms) make macromolecules like sugars and amino acids as well as ATP from sunlight & CO2. They absorb digested macromolecules (which are digested by secreted digestive enzymes). The only way fungi obtain nutrients is by associating with a plant's roots; the plant host provides the fungus with sugars, amino acids, lipids, and nucleic acid macromolecules. They secrete digestive enzymes to decompose dead organisms they come into contact with.

They absorb digested macromolecules (which are digested by secreted digestive enzymes). They secrete digestive enzymes to decompose dead organisms they come into contact with.

A tree was cut down and chopped into tiny pieces known as mulch. The mulch was then spread around the base of a newly planted tree. Which of the following statements regarding the decomposition of the mulch is FALSE? The rate at which decomposition happens will depend on the temperature, precipitation, and chemical composition of the mulch. Organisms from three different domains might contribute to the decomposition of the mulch. As a result of decomposition, some of the nitrogen that is contained in organic molecules in the mulch will be released into the soil as inorganic nitrogen; the newly planted tree can take up that inorganic nitrogen. The decomposers get their energy from inorganic sources and make it accessible to the newly planted tree.

The decomposers get their energy from inorganic sources and make it accessible to the newly planted tree.

A tree was cut down and chopped into tiny pieces known as mulch. The mulch was then spread around the base of a newly planted tree. Which of the following statements regarding the energy in these trees is TRUE? The energy in the newly planted tree will cycle through the ecosystem, though the rate at which this cycling happens will depend on temperature and precipitation; at colder temperatures, it will take longer for the energy to cycle through the food web and back to primary producers. The energy in the tree that was cut down and turned into mulch originally came from sunlight; that solar energy was transformed into chemical potential energy during photosynthesis. The energy in the newly planted tree is stored in organic molecules; most of this energy will later end up stored in organic molecules of herbivores as a result of consumption efficiency, assimilation efficiency, and production efficiency.

The energy in the tree that was cut down and turned into mulch originally came from sunlight; that solar energy was transformed into chemical potential energy during photosynthesis.

Fungi are the most important decomposers of wood in forest ecosystems. True False

True

Plant cells can transform chemical potential energy of sugar (e.g., glucose) into heat and use some of the remaining chemical potential energy to do work. True False

True

Plants that have symbioses with nitrogen-fixing bacteria provide these bacteria with food in the form of carbohydrates. True False

True

Two closely related species of salamanders live in eastern North America. One species (species 1) has a range that goes a lot further north than does the other. The other species (species 2) has a range that goes a lot further south. However, the ranges overlap in some portions of Pennsylvania and West Virginia. In Pennsylvania and West Virginia, species 1 is the dominant competitor in forested habitats but cannot live in fields. Species 2 can live in forest or fields. In the southern part of its range, we can see that species 2 has a higher fitness in forest in contrast to fields. Which are accurate predictions or statements? Choose all correct answers. The fundamental niche of species 2 includes forest and field habitats. In Pennsylvania and West Virginia, the realized niche of species 2 includes forest and field habitats. Species 1 cannot live as far south as species 2 because species 2 competitively excludes species 1 from the field habitat. (incorrect) Where the ranges overlap, species 2 is competitively excluded from forest habitat. The fundamental niche of species 1 includes forest and field habitats.

Where the ranges overlap, species 2 is competitively excluded from forest habitat. The fundamental niche of species 2 includes forest and field habitats.

Xylem sap is fluid that circulates around a plant that contains inorganic nutrients and water. Imagine you are comparing the nutrient content of xylem sap from two plants: one with mycorrhizae and one without mycorrhizae. How would you expect the nutrient content of these two xylem samples to differ? Xylem sap from the non-mycorrhizae sample will have more phosphorus. The amount of phosphorus will be the same in both samples. Xylem sap from the mycorrhizae sample will have more phosphorus. Xylem sap from the mycorrhizae sample will have less phosphorus.

Xylem sap from the mycorrhizae sample will have more phosphorus.

Attine ant species, AA, farms a special kind of fungus, called "FF" for "Farmed Fungus." The AA individuals cut leaves and put the plant material in close proximity to the FF, where the FF digests and assimilates the plant material. The AA individuals eat particular portions of the FF, known as fruiting bodies; this is the AA's only food source. FF can only live in the nests of AA ants. Is this relationship between FF and AA an obligate mutualism? Choose all correct answers. We do not know, because it is not known if the FF have a positive effect on the fitness of AA. Yes, because the AA eat the FF, making this a +/- relationship. Yes, because the AA have a positive effect on the fitness of the FF and the FF have a positive effect on the fitness of the AA. Yes, because neither AA nor FF can survive without the other. No, because this is a +/0 relationship, and mutualism is a +/+ relationship.

Yes, because the AA have a positive effect on the fitness of the FF and the FF have a positive effect on the fitness of the AA. Yes, because neither AA nor FF can survive without the other.

An increase in bioavailable forms of phosphorus in a river leads to a large increase in the population growth rate of algae and cyanobacteria. This suggests that phosphorus is typically _______________ in this freshwater habitat. a limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth not at all present unnecessary for phytoplankton growth always abundant

a limiting nutrient for phytoplankton growth

(LINK: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Seawifs_global_biosphere.jpgLinks to an external site.) Note that the color code for the LAND (left legend) is different than the color code for the OCEAN and FRESHWATER (right legend). This image is from satellite data; see remote sensing in the lecture: Ecosystem Ecology I. The colors refer to net primary productivity (NPP). This image summarizes data for 1997 and 1998. Based on these figures, the very high rates of primary production in the oceans happen ____, while the highest rates of primary production on land happen______. only in tropical areas; mostly in tropical areas in coastal areas; around the equator in the middle of the South Pacific Ocean between Australia and South America; at the equator in the ocean around Antarctica; in the deserts of Northern Africa at the bottom of the ocean where the nutrients are found; at 30 degrees north and south latitude, where it is very warm and there is a lot of sunlight

in coastal areas; around the equator

An abundance of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in an aquatic environment leads to __________ levels of dissolved oxygen due to __________. high; high rates of photosynthesis by producer populations low; high rates of cellular respiration by decomposer populations low; high rates of photosynthesis by producer populations high; high rates of cellular respiration by producer populations

low; high rates of cellular respiration by decomposer populations

If rates of nitrogen fixation increased tenfold in aquatic ecosystems, would you expect a tenfold increase in primary productivity? no, because there would be a one-hundred fold increase in primary productivity with a tenfold increase in N no, because there are other limiting nutrients in aquatic ecosystems besides nitrogen (e.g. phosphorus) yes, because nitrogen is the only limiting nutrient in aquatic ecosystems yes, because there is an abundance of dissolved carbon dioxide in aquatic ecosystems, which limits photosynthesis in aquatic systems more than any nutrients

no, because there are other limiting nutrients in aquatic ecosystems besides nitrogen (e.g. phosphorus)

Based on the figures shown in class, which of the following biomes accounts for the largest percentage of Earth's NPP? open oceans estuaries the tropics other wetlands agricultural systems temperate grasslands & forests lakes

open oceans

Organisms that derive their energy from the sun and carbon from carbon dioxide are ____________. photoautotrophs chemoheterotrophs photoheterotrophs chemoautotrophs

photoautotrophs

Which of the following is an organic molecule that contains nitrogen? (Choose all accurate options; there are at least two) proteins N2 gas ATP nucleic acids nitrate ammonium

proteins nucleic acids ATP