Chapter 6 Reading
Put the following steps of protein digestion in the correct order, with the earliest step at the top of the list.
1. Partially digested proteins move from the stomach into the small intestine 2. Partially digested proteins trigger the release of the hormone CCK 3. CCK causes the pancreas to release protein-splitting enzymes 4. Trypsin divides the chains of amino acids into smaller amino acid segments
There are a total of _______ nonessential amino acids that the body needs in order to function
11
PKU is caused by
an enzyme insufficiency
Amino acids are important in the synthesis of many _________ such as insulin and glucagon
hormones
Which of the following is the amino acid that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts
nonessential
In order to meet essential amino acid needs, a variety of __________ proteins need to be consumed
plant
Intact proteins are ______ absorbed from the digestive tract
rarely
Amino acids can be converted into glucose to
supply energy for the brain
Among people with kidney disease, low-protein diets somewhat slow the decline in kidney function
true
The American Institute for Cancer Research promotes the "New American Plate," which suggest that plant-based foods cover ______________ of the plate.
two-thirds
a ________________ primarily eats fruits, nuts, honey, and vegetable oils. People who consume this diet are at risk of nutrient deficiencies, which is why this type of diet is not advise.
fruitarian
The RDA for protein is higher than 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight during
infancy pregnancy
Trypsin is responsible for releasing pepsin and stimulating the stomach to produce acid
false
What is the process of altering the three dimensional structure of a protein by treatment with heat, enzymes, acids, bases, or agitation?
Denaturation
The essential amino acid in lowest concentration in a food or diet relative to body needs is the
limiting amino acid
Which foods could a lactovegetarian choose for breakfast?
Calcium-fortified orange juice Oatmeal with butter and brown sugar yogurt with granola and blueberries
Which of the following nutrients can be broken down to yield energy?
Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids
Which MyPlate food groups offer rich sources of foods with cancer-fighting antioxidants?
Fruits Vegetables Grains
Which of the following are characteristics of kwashiorkor?
Lack of growth Fatty liver Edema
Which of the following are potential health benefits of consuming plant proteins in place of animal sources of protein?
Lower blood pressure Reduced risk for cardiovascular disease reduced risk for cancer reduced risk for type 2 diabetes reduced risk for obesity.
Which of the following occurs with inadequate consumption of protein?
Protein concentration in the blood drops Immune function is impaired Edema can develop
Which of the following are true statements about the functions of protein? Select all that apply
Protein is necessary for blood clotting, fluid balance and cell repair Protein serves multiple functions in the body
Which of the following are functions of protein?
Protein is necessary for the visual process Protein is necessary for fluid balance Protein supplies nitrogen in a form we can readily use.
How do proteins contribute to acid-base balance of the blood?
Serve as buffers that resist changes in pH Pump ions into and out of cells
Which of the following meals would be acceptable for a lactoovovegetarian?
Spinach and artichoke lasagna with Alfredo sauce; italian bread; iced tea Poached eggs; whole-wheat toast with jam; banana; orange juice
Where does the digestion of protein begin?
Stomach
Which of the following are potential causes of denaturation?
Stomach Acid Heat
Which of the following are true about complete protein sources? Select all that apply
Supplies all nine essential amino acid most foods of animal origin are sources of complete protein
What is the name for a protein-digesting enzyme secreted by the pancreas to act in the small intestine?
Trypsin
Which of the following are examples of weight-loss programs that emphasize high protein intake?
Zone Diet South Beach Diet Atkins Diet
Protein synthesis takes place in the
cytoplasm
To meet the RDA for protein, Americans need only to consume about 10% of their total calories from protein. However, the food and nutrition board recommendations allow for 10-35% of total calories from protein because
it is easier to plan diets with palatable foods that people are used to eating
A ____________ is a modified vegetarian because they will extend their vegetarian diet to include dairy products
lactovegetarian
High protein intakes increase urinary excretion of
water calcium nitrogen
What macronutrient provides the highest feeling of satiety?
Protein
Phytochemicals have been implicated in prevention of
Cardiovascular disease cancer
A protein that contains all nine essential amino acids is a(n) _________ protein
Complete high-quality
Which type of protein-calorie malnutrition leads to severe muscle wasting and a "skin and bones" appearance?
Marasmus
Chemical digestion of proteins takes place in the
small intestine stomach
Sickle cell anemia is an example of what happens when there is variation in
the DNA code