Chapter 6 Reading

Put the following steps of protein digestion in the correct order, with the earliest step at the top of the list.

1. Partially digested proteins move from the stomach into the small intestine 2. Partially digested proteins trigger the release of the hormone CCK 3. CCK causes the pancreas to release protein-splitting enzymes 4. Trypsin divides the chains of amino acids into smaller amino acid segments

There are a total of _______ nonessential amino acids that the body needs in order to function

11

PKU is caused by

an enzyme insufficiency

Amino acids are important in the synthesis of many _________ such as insulin and glucagon

hormones

Which of the following is the amino acid that can be synthesized by a healthy body in sufficient amounts

nonessential

In order to meet essential amino acid needs, a variety of __________ proteins need to be consumed

plant

Intact proteins are ______ absorbed from the digestive tract

rarely

Amino acids can be converted into glucose to

supply energy for the brain

Among people with kidney disease, low-protein diets somewhat slow the decline in kidney function

true

The American Institute for Cancer Research promotes the "New American Plate," which suggest that plant-based foods cover ______________ of the plate.

two-thirds

a ________________ primarily eats fruits, nuts, honey, and vegetable oils. People who consume this diet are at risk of nutrient deficiencies, which is why this type of diet is not advise.

fruitarian

The RDA for protein is higher than 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight during

infancy pregnancy

Trypsin is responsible for releasing pepsin and stimulating the stomach to produce acid

false

What is the process of altering the three dimensional structure of a protein by treatment with heat, enzymes, acids, bases, or agitation?

Denaturation

The essential amino acid in lowest concentration in a food or diet relative to body needs is the

limiting amino acid

Which foods could a lactovegetarian choose for breakfast?

Calcium-fortified orange juice Oatmeal with butter and brown sugar yogurt with granola and blueberries

Which of the following nutrients can be broken down to yield energy?

Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids

Which MyPlate food groups offer rich sources of foods with cancer-fighting antioxidants?

Fruits Vegetables Grains

Which of the following are characteristics of kwashiorkor?

Lack of growth Fatty liver Edema

Which of the following are potential health benefits of consuming plant proteins in place of animal sources of protein?

Lower blood pressure Reduced risk for cardiovascular disease reduced risk for cancer reduced risk for type 2 diabetes reduced risk for obesity.

Which of the following occurs with inadequate consumption of protein?

Protein concentration in the blood drops Immune function is impaired Edema can develop

Which of the following are true statements about the functions of protein? Select all that apply

Protein is necessary for blood clotting, fluid balance and cell repair Protein serves multiple functions in the body

Which of the following are functions of protein?

Protein is necessary for the visual process Protein is necessary for fluid balance Protein supplies nitrogen in a form we can readily use.

How do proteins contribute to acid-base balance of the blood?

Serve as buffers that resist changes in pH Pump ions into and out of cells

Which of the following meals would be acceptable for a lactoovovegetarian?

Spinach and artichoke lasagna with Alfredo sauce; italian bread; iced tea Poached eggs; whole-wheat toast with jam; banana; orange juice

Where does the digestion of protein begin?

Stomach

Which of the following are potential causes of denaturation?

Stomach Acid Heat

Which of the following are true about complete protein sources? Select all that apply

Supplies all nine essential amino acid most foods of animal origin are sources of complete protein

What is the name for a protein-digesting enzyme secreted by the pancreas to act in the small intestine?

Trypsin

Which of the following are examples of weight-loss programs that emphasize high protein intake?

Zone Diet South Beach Diet Atkins Diet

Protein synthesis takes place in the

cytoplasm

To meet the RDA for protein, Americans need only to consume about 10% of their total calories from protein. However, the food and nutrition board recommendations allow for 10-35% of total calories from protein because

it is easier to plan diets with palatable foods that people are used to eating

A ____________ is a modified vegetarian because they will extend their vegetarian diet to include dairy products

lactovegetarian

High protein intakes increase urinary excretion of

water calcium nitrogen

What macronutrient provides the highest feeling of satiety?

Protein

Phytochemicals have been implicated in prevention of

Cardiovascular disease cancer

A protein that contains all nine essential amino acids is a(n) _________ protein

Complete high-quality

Which type of protein-calorie malnutrition leads to severe muscle wasting and a "skin and bones" appearance?

Marasmus

Chemical digestion of proteins takes place in the

small intestine stomach

Sickle cell anemia is an example of what happens when there is variation in

the DNA code