Ch. 19 Mastering

The average life span of a red blood cell is 24 hours. about 1 year. many years. 4 months. 1 month.

4 months

Plasma makes up approximately what percentage of whole blood? 65 percent 55 percent 45 percent 38 percent

55%

Plasma composes about ________ percent of whole blood and water composes ________ percent of the plasma volume. 92; 7 50; 50 45; 55 92; 55 55; 92

55;92

You have type B positive blood. What are all the types of packed RBCs you can receive? O positive and O negative A positive and B positive A positive and A negative B positive and B negative B positive, B negative, O positive, O negative

B positive, B negative, O positive, O negative

Pernicious anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor is specifically treated by blood transfusion. injections of iron. oral doses of iron. oral doses of vitamin B12. injections of vitamin B12.

B12 injections

A hormone that stimulates production of granulocytes and monocytes is G-CSF. M-CSF. GM-CSF. thymosin. multi-CSF.

GM-CSF

Monocytes can be stimulated by which of the following colony-stimulating factors? EPO G-CSF G-CSF and EPO M-CSF, GM-CSF, multi-CSF G-CSF and GM-CSF

M-CSF, GM-CSF, multi-CSF

In an emergency situation when you have no time to wait for cross-matched blood you could give a patient type ________ until the cross-match is available. AB positive B negative A positive AB negative O negative

O negative

In what way does blood assist in immune function? Platelets allow clotting. Albumins transport hormones. White blood cells defend against pathogens. Red blood cells transport gases. Plasma antibodies and white blood cells defend against pathogens.

Plasma antibodies and white blood cells defend against pathogens.

Type AB blood has which of the following characteristics? RBCs have both the A & B surface antigens and no ABO plasma antibodies. RBCs have the A antigen and the plasma has the anti-B antibody. RBCs have no surface antigens and both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma. RBCs have the A and the B surface antigens and the plasma has anti-A and anti-B antibodies. RBCs have the Rh positive antigens and the anti-D plasma antibodies.

RBCs have both the A & B surface antigens and no ABO plasma antibodies.

Anti-D antibodies are present in the blood of all individuals with type AB blood. all Rh negative individuals. Rh negative individuals who have been exposed to the D surface antigen. Rh positive individuals who have been exposed to the D surface antigen. all Rh positive individuals.

Rh negative individuals who have been exposed to the D surface antigen.

The disease sickle cell anemia is an example of what can happen if the diet is deficient in iron. hemolysis is prevented by a mutated gene. there is insufficient heme in the hemoglobin. red blood cells bind too much oxygen. a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal.

a gene for adult hemoglobin is abnormal

The common pathway of coagulation begins with the activation of Factor X and production of prothrombin activator. conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. sticking of platelets to damaged tissue. release of tissue factor by damaged endothelium. activation of a proenzyme exposed to collagen.

activation of Factor X and production of prothrombin activator.

The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. sticking of platelets to each other. release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium. release of heparin from the liver. activation of Factor XII by platelet factors.

activation of Factor XII by platelet factors.

Antigens of the surface of red blood cells are also called ________ and antibodies in the blood plasma are also called ________. serum; plasma erythrogens; antibiotics agglutinins; agglutinogens agglutinogens; agglutinins T-cells; B-cells

agglutinogens;aglutinins

Which plasma protein transports fatty acids and some hormones? apolipoprotein gamma globulin steroid-binding protein hormone-binding protein albumin

albumin

The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are lipoproteins. globulins. albumins. transport proteins. fibrinogens

albumins

In which of the following situations would you expect the blood level of bilirubin to be elevated? during coagulation low blood volume an alcoholic with a damaged liver iron-deficient diet low hematocrit

an alcoholic with a damaged liver

________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood is reduced. Thrombocytopenia Leukemia Leukopenia Polycythemia Anemia

anemia

Type A blood has ________ antibodies in the blood plasma. anti-D anti-A anti-B anti-O anti-Rh

anti-B

Which of the following is not one of the formed elements of blood? platelets lymphocytes RBCs antibodies basophils

antibodies

Which of these descriptions best matches the term T lymphocytes? are involved in cell mediated immunity kill bacteria using hydrogen peroxide develop into plasma cells and produce antibodies in response to antigens adhere to collagen beneath endothelium often elevated in allergic individuals

are involved in cell mediated immunity

Which common over the counter drug can decrease blood clotting and thus may be beneficial for preventing a heart attack? acetaminophen tums aspirin anti-histamines cough syrup

aspirin

White blood cells that release histamine at the site of an injury are lymphocytes. neutrophils. basophils. eosinophils. monocytes.

basophils

A sign of thrombocytopenia would be bacterial infections. excessive clotting. bleeding. a drop in oxygen-carrying capacity. allergic reactions

bleeding

A fibrin network that contains trapped blood cells and platelets is called a(n) platelet plug. blood clot. lysin. agglutinin. rouleaux.

blood clot

When carbon dioxide is bound to hemoglobin it is termed deoxyhemoglobin. oxyhemoglobin. carbaminohemoglobin. sickle hemoglobin. hemolyzed.

carboaminohemoglobin

A substance that activates plasminogen might be useful to initiate clot formation. cause clots to form faster. cause clot dissolution to proceed faster. recruit neutrophils to an infection. recruit platelets to the area.

cause clot dissolution to proceed faster

________ involves a cascade of reactions leading to the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. Coagulation The platelet phase Fibrinolysis Retraction Vascular spasm

coagulation

Which of these descriptions best matches the term B lymphocytes? often elevated in allergic individuals develop into plasma cells and produce antibodies in response to antigens helper cells are one type kill bacteria using hydrogen peroxide adhere to collagen beneath endothelium

develop into plasma cells and produce antibodies in response to antigens

The ________ is a procedure that is used to determine the number of each of the various types of white blood cells. hematocrit complete cell count (CBC) sedimentation rate differential count WBC count

differential count

A moving blood clot is called a(n) procoagulant. plaque. platelet plug. thrombus. embolus.

embolus

Which white blood cell is most effective against parasitic infections? basophils lymphocytes monoctyes neutrophils eosinophils

eosinophils

White blood cells that are increased in allergic individuals are the monocytes. lymphocytes. eosinophils. neutrophils. platelets.

eosinophils

Which mature cell has no nucleus, no mitochondria and no ribosomes? leukocyte neutrophil thrombocyte platelet erythrocyte

erythrocyte

Reticulocytes complete their development into ________ in the circulation. thrombocytes erythrocytes megakaryocytes neutrophils macrophages

erythrocytes

The process of red blood cell production is called hematopenia. hemocytosis. erythrocytosis. erythropenia. erythropoiesis.

erythropoiesis

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone erythropoietin. angiotensin. thymopoietin. thymosin. renin.

erythropoietin

Tissue factor (Factor III) is a factor in the ________ pathway. retraction fibrinolytic common intrinsic extrinsic

extrinsic

Tissue factor is a factor in the ________ pathway. retraction fibrinolytic intrinsic extrinsic common

extrinsic

Which of these proteins functions to store or transport iron? hemosiderin ferritin, hemosiderin, and transferrin transferrin ferritin hemoglobin

ferritin, hemosiderin, and transferrin

A hematocrit provides information on blood type. sedimentation rate. clotting factors. formed elements abundance. plasma composition

formed elements abundance

Jane has Type A blood; therefore, she can give blood to other people with Type A blood only. has B antigen on her RBCs. has antibodies to B agglutinogens. makes anti-A without ever having been exposed to Type A blood. can receive blood from other people with Type A blood only.

has antibodies to B agglutinogens.

The percent fraction of formed elements relative to whole blood is the viscosity. differential cell count. specific gravity. hematocrit. packed volume.

hematocrit

The waste product bilirubin is produced from heme molecules lacking iron. heme molecules plus iron. globin chains of hemoglobin. abnormal proteins found in red blood cells. iron found in hemoglobin molecules

heme molecules lacking iron

More than 95 percent of the protein in a red blood cell is immunoglobulin. fibrinogen. porphyrin. albumin. hemoglobin.

hemoglobin

Some rat poisons contain a toxin that blocks the liver's ability to utilize vitamin K. Animals that consume this poison would die of thrombocytopenia. anemia. starvation. acidosis. hemorrhage.

hemorrhage

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term colony stimulating factor? adheres to collagen beneath endothelium kills bacteria using hydrogen peroxide often elevated in allergic individuals hormone that regulates white blood cell formation helper cells are one type

hormone that regulates white blood cell formation

Thyroid-binding globulin is an example of which kind of plasma protein? transport albumin hormone-binding apolipoprotein metalloprotein steroid-binding

hormone-binding

A person who has a low blood volume is said to be hypovolemic. hypervolemic. normovolemic. antivolemic. isovolemic.

hypovolemic

Antibodies are what type of plasma protein? metalloprotein fibrinogen steroid-binding protein immunoglobulin apolipoprotein

immunoglobulin

Plasma proteins essential in body defense are the metalloproteins. albumins. fibrinogens. lipoproteins. immunoglobulins.

immunoglobulins

An obstruction in blood flow to the kidneys would result in pernicious anemia. decreased erythropoiesis. increased sensitivity to vitamin K. increased erythropoiesis. renal anemia.

increased erythropoiesis

Each heme ring in hemoglobin encloses an atom of calcium. iron. copper. sodium. magnesium.

iron

Each molecule of heme contains a single ion of what element? (Figure 19-3) potassium calcium magnesium iron sodium

iron

Eileen is a strict vegan and therefore eats no animal products. She develops an anemia that her doctor thinks is caused by a nutritional deficiency. Which of the following is the likeliest candidate? iron-deficiency anemia aplastic anemia sickle cell anemia vitamin K deficiency vitamin B6 deficiency

iron deficiency anemia

Which of the following is not true of neutrophils? can make hydrogen peroxide can exit capillaries attracted to complement-coated bacteria less abundant than lymphocytes can destroy bacteria

less abundant than lymphocytes

Most of the protein factors that are required for clotting are synthesized by the liver. the spleen. the kidneys. platelets. megakaryocytes.

liver

During fetal development the primary site(s) of red blood cell production is/are bone marrow. thymus. liver and spleen. kidneys. liver.

liver and spleen

A small white blood cell with a large round nucleus would be a basophil. neutrophil. lymphocyte. monocyte. eosinophil.

lymphocyte

Natural killer cells are one of the functional classes of neutrophils. lymphocytes. monocytes. thrombocytes. eosinophils.

lymphocytes

The blood cells involved in specific immunity are the monocytes. neutrophils. basophils. erythrocytes. lymphocytes.

lymphocytes

Platelets are pinched off from giant multinucleated cells in the bone marrow called megakaryocytes. myeloblasts. lymphoblasts. normoblasts. erythroblasts.

megakaryocytes

Transferrin is an example of which kind of plasma protein? hormone-binding protein transport albumin metalloprotein steroid-binding protein apolipoprotein

metalloprotein

________ are large phagocytic white cells that spend most of their time outside the blood as fixed and free phagocytic cells. Neutrophils Basophils Lymphocytes Eosinophils Monocytes

monocytes

The most numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the basophils. monocytes. neutrophils. lymphocytes. eosinophils.

neutrophils

When hemoglobin is saturated with oxygen atoms it is termed oxyhemoglobin. sickle hemoglobin. deoxyhemoglobin. carbaminohemoglobin. hemolyzed.

oxyhemoglobin

The level of erythropoietin in the blood would rise due to all of the following except as a consequence of hemorrhage. periods of fasting. anemia. when blood flow to the kidneys is disrupted. high altitude.

periods of fasting

The enzyme that can digest fibrin and dissolve a clot is heparin. fibrinase. phosphokinase. plasmin. thrombin.

plasmin

A person's blood type is determined by the chemical composition of the hemoglobin. size of the RBCs. presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane. volume of the RBCs. shape of the RBCs.

presence of specific glycoproteins on the cell membrane.

The function of platelets is to assist in the process called hemostasis. removal of worn out red blood cells. destruction of bacteria. transport of blood gases such as oxygen. immune response during an infection.

process called hemostasis

The chief difference between plasma and interstitial fluid involves the concentration of proteins. nitrogen wastes. water. glucose. electrolytes.

proteins

Where are red blood cells produced? (Figure 19-5) spleen liver large intestine red bone marrow kidney

red bone marrow

The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by the sticking of platelets to damaged tissue. activation of Factor VII exposed to collagen. conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium. release of heparin from the liver.

release of tissue factor (Factor III) by damaged endothelium.

Erythropoietin is a hormone released by the kidneys to stimulate red blood cell production. released by the liver to stimulate white blood cell production. released by the kidneys to stimulate red and white blood cell production. released by the liver to stimulate red blood cell production. released by the bone marrow to stimulate red blood cell production.

released by the kidneys to stimulate red blood cell production.

Which of the following would you expect to see in increased numbers in a peripheral blood sample after donating a unit of blood? neutrophils platelets fibrocytes reticulocytes lymphocytes

reticulocytes

________ are immature erythrocytes that are present in the circulation. Band cells Reticulocytes Myeloblasts Erythroblasts Normoblasts

reticulocytes

Blood that has clotting proteins removed is termed serum. formed elements. hematocrit. whole blood. plasma.

serum

In case of hemorrhage, platelets are stored as a reserve in bone marrow. the spleen. the kidneys. the thymus gland. the heart.

spleen

A bruise appears as a greenish spot in the skin because hemoglobin has leaked from the blood into the injury and hemoglobin has a green color. dead white blood cells accumulate at the site of injury. red blood cells lyse releasing biliverdin from inside. bilirubin from iron recycling has built-up in the bruise. the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin.

the heme group in the hemoglobin has broken down into biliverdin

Which of the following statements about blood is false? Blood is about 55 percent plasma. The normal pH of blood is 6.8 to 7.0. Blood contains buffers that control pH. Cells in blood comprise the formed elements. Blood is more viscous than water.

the normal pH of blood is 6.8 to 7.0

The conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is catalyzed by the enzyme plasmin. factor VIII. prothrombinase. thrombin. fibrinogen-converting enzyme.

thrombin

The hormone that stimulates platelet formation is thrombopoietin. erythropoietin. colony-stimulating factor. endothelin. thymosin.

thrombopoietin

The most abundant component of plasma is proteins. water. nutrients. ions. gases.

water

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called lymph. whole blood. serum. extracellular fluid. packed blood.

whole blood