ch 21 ex3
20. Factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis include which of the following?
ALL
7. Which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers? A) tunica intima B) external elastic membrane C) tunica media D) internal elastic membrane E) tunica externa
tunica externa
16. The layer of the arteriole wall that can produce vasoconstriction is the
tunica media
97. Which of the following conditions is least likely to lead to renin release?
hypertension
19. A sample of tissue displays many large flattened spaces lined by fenestrated endothelium. Blood moves slowly through these spaces. This tissue sample most likely came from the
liver
96. Vickie has a tumor that secretes excess amounts of the hormone aldosterone. Because of the elevated level of hormone, she exhibits
both an increase in blood pressure and an increase in stored sodium ion.
21. These vessels may be continuous or fenestrated.
capillaries
24. Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in
capillaries.
22. What structure do RBCs move through single file?
capillary
41. Metabolites exchange by diffusion with tissue cells in which of the following locations?
capillary
3. Capillaries that have a complete lining are called A) continuous capillaries. B) fenestrated capillaries. C) sinusoidal capillaries. D) sinusoids. E) vasa vasorum.
continuous capillaries
45. Resistance is a force that
decreases blood flow.
4. The smallest arterial branches are called the A) precapillary arterioles. B) arterioles. C) capillaries. D) venules. E) veins.
precapillary arterioles.
26. Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the
precapillary sphincter.
47. As blood travels from arteries to veins,
pressure drops.
2. Compared to arteries, veins A) are more elastic. B) have more smooth muscle in their tunica media. C) have a pleated endothelium. D) have thinner walls. E) hold their shape better when cut.
HAVE THINNER WALLS
71. Which of the following statements is false concerning the movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial space?
The net filtration pressure is usually zero.
37. A vein that measures 5 mm would be considered
a medium vein.
100. ADH and aldosterone secretion are part of the body's long-term compensation for
a serious hemorrhage.
60. In which of the following would the blood flow be highest?
a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long
68. When a person rises quickly from a sitting position,
all
72. When renin is released from the kidney,
angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin I.
55. Clinically, the term blood pressure usually refers to
arterial pressure.
32. What vessels contain elastic fibers in the walls that are stretched during systole?
arteries
52. Which of the following factors will increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries?
both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure
94. When carotid and aortic baroreceptors slow their discharge,
both heart rate and stroke volume increase.
108. Branches off the aortic arch include the
brachiocephalic trunk, left subclavian artery, and left common carotid artery
54. The vascular pressure that declines from roughly 35 mm Hg to about 18 mm Hg is the
capillary hydrostatic pressure.
14. Venous valves are responsible for
channeling blood toward the heart.
70. The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the
concentration of plasma proteins.
59. If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be
doubled
56. Averaged over a few heartbeats, venous return is ________ cardiac output.
equal to
49. Blood pressure is determined by
estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff.
5. The layer between the tunica media and the tunica externa in a large artery is the A) tunica intima. B) external elastic membrane. C) tunica media. D) internal elastic membrane. E) tunica externa.
external elastic membrane.
23. Capillaries with a perforated lining are called
fenestrated capillaries.
80. The force that moves fluid out of capillaries is ________ pressure whereas the opposing force that moves fluid into capillaries is ________ pressure.
hydrostatic; osmotic
91. Stimulation of the aortic baroreceptors reflexively results in
increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system.
62. Each of the following factors would increase cardiac output, except
increased blood concentration of glucose.
74. Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure, except
increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).
92. Fear can result in
increased stimulation of the cardioaccelerator center by higher brain centers.
78. As blood circulates from arteries into capillaries, the total cross-sectional area of capillaries
increases and causes the blood velocity to decrease.
104. Homeostatic mechanisms in response to blood loss include all of the following, except
inhibition of EPO secretion.
133. An important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the ________ artery.
internal carotid
11. In large arteries, the thick layer of elastic fibers is called the
internal elastic membrane.
109. Major branches of the subclavian artery include the ________ artery(ies).
internal thoracic
51. Blood pressure increases with all of the following, except increased
parasympathetic innervation.
95. Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased
parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.
69. The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure.
pulse
87. The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure.
pulse
13. Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system, which ________ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems.
reduces; increases
93. Elevated levels of the hormones ANP and BNP will produce increased
salt and water loss through the kidneys
12. Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel?
tunica intima
9. Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue?
tunica media
1. The muscular layer in the wall of a blood vessel is the A) tunica intima. B) tunica externa. C) tunica media. D) tunica interna. E) tunica adventitia.
tunica media.
79. Which of the following is normally the greatest source acting against blood flow?
vascular resistance
61. Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance, except
vasodilation.
29. Venoconstriction reduces the diameter of which vessel?
vein
35. What vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply?
vein
10. The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called
veins
42. Which part of the vascular system functions as a blood reservoir and contains over 60% of the body's blood?
veins
57. Blood pressure is lowest in the
veins.
6. The thoroughfare channel ends at the A) artery. B) arteriole. C) capillary. D) venule. E) vein.
venule
44. The small vessels that capillaries drain into are called
venules
8. After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the
venules
36. Arteriosclerosis can lead to
ALL
58. Which of the following affects blood flow through the body?
ALL
65. The continual movement of fluid through the interstitial spaces produced by capillary filtration serves which of the following functions?
ALL
66. Edema may occur when
ALL
131. The fusion of the brachiocephalic veins forms the A) inferior vena cava. B) superior vena cava. C) innominate vein. D) subclavian vein. E) azygos vein.
B
64. If a person has a blood pressure of 120/90, his mean arterial pressure would be ________ mm Hg.
100
84. Calculate the net filtration pressure (NFP) with a blood hydrostatic pressure of 40 mm Hg and a blood colloid osmotic pressure of 25 mm Hg. Then determine if the blood gains or loses fluid. NFP = ________ and results in a fluid ________ .
15 mm Hg; loss
130. The vein that is formed from the fusion of the subclavian with the internal and external jugulars is the ________ vein. A) azygos B) hemiazygos C) axillary D) iliac E) brachiocephalic
E
132. Each of the following arteries is a component of the cerebral arterial circle, except the A) anterior communicating artery. B) anterior cerebral artery. C) posterior communicating artery. D) posterior cerebral artery. E) basilar artery.
E
53. The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the
arteriole
129. At the level of the first rib, the axillary vein becomes the ________ vein. A) cephalic B) azygos C) subclavian D) innominate E) external jugular
C
142. Elderly individuals are more prone than are younger individuals to have all of the following, except A) hypertension. B) venous thrombosis. C) increased elasticity of vessel walls. D) problems with the conducting system of the heart. E) arteriosclerosis.
C
128. The radial and ulnar veins fuse to form the ________ vein. A) azygos B) hemiazygos C) axillary D) brachial E) basilic
D
25. Which kind of vessel is also called a resistance vessel?
arteriole
31. Which vessel is known as a resistance vessel?
arteriole
67. Relative to the lumen, which of these vessels has the thickest tunica media?
arterioles
48. Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the
arterioles dilate.
43. The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the
arterioles.
50. In what vessel is blood pressure the highest?
artery
82. Blood colloid osmotic pressure is produced by:
large non-diffusible proteins in the blood plasma
81. Some of the fluid that is forced out of capillaries is returned to the blood by the:
lymphatic system
30. The brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery?
muscular
46. Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following, except the
osmolarity of interstitial fluids.
98. Which of the following changes doesn't occur during exercise compared to rest?
skin blood flow is lower
83. Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) decreases in starving children because:
starvation in children results in a protein deficiency and the liver cannot produce enough protein to maintain BCOP
33. Which of the following is most likely to result from an aneurysm in a brain artery?
stroke
You would expect to find fenestrated capillaries in
the pituitary.
89. Edema may occur (only) when
the plasma concentration of protein is reduced, capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated, and the capillary endothelium permeability goes up.
17. Of the following arteries, the one that is an elastic artery is
the subclavian artery.