ch 21 ex3

20. Factors that increase the risk of atherosclerosis include which of the following?

ALL

7. Which of the following layers of a vessel contains collagen fibers with scattered bands of elastic fibers? A) tunica intima B) external elastic membrane C) tunica media D) internal elastic membrane E) tunica externa

tunica externa

16. The layer of the arteriole wall that can produce vasoconstriction is the

tunica media

97. Which of the following conditions is least likely to lead to renin release?

hypertension

19. A sample of tissue displays many large flattened spaces lined by fenestrated endothelium. Blood moves slowly through these spaces. This tissue sample most likely came from the

liver

96. Vickie has a tumor that secretes excess amounts of the hormone aldosterone. Because of the elevated level of hormone, she exhibits

both an increase in blood pressure and an increase in stored sodium ion.

21. These vessels may be continuous or fenestrated.

capillaries

24. Exchange between a blood vessel and the cells that surround it can occur only in

capillaries.

22. What structure do RBCs move through single file?

capillary

41. Metabolites exchange by diffusion with tissue cells in which of the following locations?

capillary

3. Capillaries that have a complete lining are called A) continuous capillaries. B) fenestrated capillaries. C) sinusoidal capillaries. D) sinusoids. E) vasa vasorum.

continuous capillaries

45. Resistance is a force that

decreases blood flow.

4. The smallest arterial branches are called the A) precapillary arterioles. B) arterioles. C) capillaries. D) venules. E) veins.

precapillary arterioles.

26. Blood flow through a capillary is controlled by the

precapillary sphincter.

47. As blood travels from arteries to veins,

pressure drops.

2. Compared to arteries, veins A) are more elastic. B) have more smooth muscle in their tunica media. C) have a pleated endothelium. D) have thinner walls. E) hold their shape better when cut.

HAVE THINNER WALLS

71. Which of the following statements is false concerning the movement of fluid between capillaries and interstitial space?

The net filtration pressure is usually zero.

37. A vein that measures 5 mm would be considered

a medium vein.

100. ADH and aldosterone secretion are part of the body's long-term compensation for

a serious hemorrhage.

60. In which of the following would the blood flow be highest?

a vessel 1.0 cm in diameter and 2 meters long

68. When a person rises quickly from a sitting position,

all

72. When renin is released from the kidney,

angiotensinogen is converted into angiotensin I.

55. Clinically, the term blood pressure usually refers to

arterial pressure.

32. What vessels contain elastic fibers in the walls that are stretched during systole?

arteries

52. Which of the following factors will increase the net filtration pressure to move fluid out of capillaries?

both decreased plasma albumin and increased blood hydrostatic pressure

94. When carotid and aortic baroreceptors slow their discharge,

both heart rate and stroke volume increase.

108. Branches off the aortic arch include the

brachiocephalic trunk, left subclavian artery, and left common carotid artery

54. The vascular pressure that declines from roughly 35 mm Hg to about 18 mm Hg is the

capillary hydrostatic pressure.

14. Venous valves are responsible for

channeling blood toward the heart.

70. The blood colloid osmotic pressure mostly depends on the

concentration of plasma proteins.

59. If blood pressure doubled, the blood flow through a vessel would be

doubled

56. Averaged over a few heartbeats, venous return is ________ cardiac output.

equal to

49. Blood pressure is determined by

estimating the pressure needed to close off an artery with an external pressure cuff.

5. The layer between the tunica media and the tunica externa in a large artery is the A) tunica intima. B) external elastic membrane. C) tunica media. D) internal elastic membrane. E) tunica externa.

external elastic membrane.

23. Capillaries with a perforated lining are called

fenestrated capillaries.

80. The force that moves fluid out of capillaries is ________ pressure whereas the opposing force that moves fluid into capillaries is ________ pressure.

hydrostatic; osmotic

91. Stimulation of the aortic baroreceptors reflexively results in

increased activity by the parasympathetic nervous system.

62. Each of the following factors would increase cardiac output, except

increased blood concentration of glucose.

74. Each of the following will cause an increase in blood pressure, except

increased levels of ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide).

92. Fear can result in

increased stimulation of the cardioaccelerator center by higher brain centers.

78. As blood circulates from arteries into capillaries, the total cross-sectional area of capillaries

increases and causes the blood velocity to decrease.

104. Homeostatic mechanisms in response to blood loss include all of the following, except

inhibition of EPO secretion.

133. An important artery that supplies blood to the brain is the ________ artery.

internal carotid

11. In large arteries, the thick layer of elastic fibers is called the

internal elastic membrane.

109. Major branches of the subclavian artery include the ________ artery(ies).

internal thoracic

51. Blood pressure increases with all of the following, except increased

parasympathetic innervation.

95. Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood will result in decreased

parasympathetic stimulation of the heart.

69. The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure.

pulse

87. The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the ________ pressure.

pulse

13. Venoconstriction ________ the amount of blood within the venous system, which ________ the volume in the arterial and capillary systems.

reduces; increases

93. Elevated levels of the hormones ANP and BNP will produce increased

salt and water loss through the kidneys

12. Which of the following is the innermost layer of a blood vessel?

tunica intima

9. Which layer of a blood vessel contains concentric sheets of smooth muscle tissue?

tunica media

1. The muscular layer in the wall of a blood vessel is the A) tunica intima. B) tunica externa. C) tunica media. D) tunica interna. E) tunica adventitia.

tunica media.

79. Which of the following is normally the greatest source acting against blood flow?

vascular resistance

61. Each of the following factors would increase peripheral resistance, except

vasodilation.

29. Venoconstriction reduces the diameter of which vessel?

vein

35. What vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply?

vein

10. The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called

veins

42. Which part of the vascular system functions as a blood reservoir and contains over 60% of the body's blood?

veins

57. Blood pressure is lowest in the

veins.

6. The thoroughfare channel ends at the A) artery. B) arteriole. C) capillary. D) venule. E) vein.

venule

44. The small vessels that capillaries drain into are called

venules

8. After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the

venules

36. Arteriosclerosis can lead to

ALL

58. Which of the following affects blood flow through the body?

ALL

65. The continual movement of fluid through the interstitial spaces produced by capillary filtration serves which of the following functions?

ALL

66. Edema may occur when

ALL

131. The fusion of the brachiocephalic veins forms the A) inferior vena cava. B) superior vena cava. C) innominate vein. D) subclavian vein. E) azygos vein.

B

64. If a person has a blood pressure of 120/90, his mean arterial pressure would be ________ mm Hg.

100

84. Calculate the net filtration pressure (NFP) with a blood hydrostatic pressure of 40 mm Hg and a blood colloid osmotic pressure of 25 mm Hg. Then determine if the blood gains or loses fluid. NFP = ________ and results in a fluid ________ .

15 mm Hg; loss

130. The vein that is formed from the fusion of the subclavian with the internal and external jugulars is the ________ vein. A) azygos B) hemiazygos C) axillary D) iliac E) brachiocephalic

E

132. Each of the following arteries is a component of the cerebral arterial circle, except the A) anterior communicating artery. B) anterior cerebral artery. C) posterior communicating artery. D) posterior cerebral artery. E) basilar artery.

E

53. The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the

arteriole

129. At the level of the first rib, the axillary vein becomes the ________ vein. A) cephalic B) azygos C) subclavian D) innominate E) external jugular

C

142. Elderly individuals are more prone than are younger individuals to have all of the following, except A) hypertension. B) venous thrombosis. C) increased elasticity of vessel walls. D) problems with the conducting system of the heart. E) arteriosclerosis.

C

128. The radial and ulnar veins fuse to form the ________ vein. A) azygos B) hemiazygos C) axillary D) brachial E) basilic

D

25. Which kind of vessel is also called a resistance vessel?

arteriole

31. Which vessel is known as a resistance vessel?

arteriole

67. Relative to the lumen, which of these vessels has the thickest tunica media?

arterioles

48. Blood flow to a tissue will increase if the

arterioles dilate.

43. The main control of peripheral resistance occurs in the

arterioles.

50. In what vessel is blood pressure the highest?

artery

82. Blood colloid osmotic pressure is produced by:

large non-diffusible proteins in the blood plasma

81. Some of the fluid that is forced out of capillaries is returned to the blood by the:

lymphatic system

30. The brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery?

muscular

46. Total peripheral resistance is related to all of the following, except the

osmolarity of interstitial fluids.

98. Which of the following changes doesn't occur during exercise compared to rest?

skin blood flow is lower

83. Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) decreases in starving children because:

starvation in children results in a protein deficiency and the liver cannot produce enough protein to maintain BCOP

33. Which of the following is most likely to result from an aneurysm in a brain artery?

stroke

You would expect to find fenestrated capillaries in

the pituitary.

89. Edema may occur (only) when

the plasma concentration of protein is reduced, capillary hydrostatic pressure is elevated, and the capillary endothelium permeability goes up.

17. Of the following arteries, the one that is an elastic artery is

the subclavian artery.