CH 25 HW

Through the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism, how would an increase in filtrate NaCl concentration affect afferent arteriole diameter?

Afferent arteriole diameter would decrease.

Which of they following processes would be considered as a secretory rather than an excretory activity?

Aldosterone release by the adrenal glands

Why do you haven't actually monitor certain patients who are in " loop diuretics" to lower their blood pressure?

Certain diuretics are not specific and in addition to getting rid of excess water, additional ions like potassium will be secreted

In what part of the renal tubules does parathyroid (PTH) promote the reabsorption of calcium ions

Distal convoluted duct (DCT)

What does a high concentration of NaCl in the renal tubule at the juxtaglomerular (JGA) most likely indicate?

Insufficient NaCl reabsorption due to high GFR

Renin is released by cells of the ___ apparatus in response to afferent arteriole pressure and the degree of the stretch of the arterioles wall.

Juxtaglomerular

Granule cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) regulate GFR indirectly through which mechanism?

Renin-angiotensin mechanism

Approximately 80% of the energy used for active transport is devoted to the reabsorption of

Sodium

Focus your attention on focus figure 25.1 aWhich of the following is NOT a properly used to establish the medullary osmotic gradient?

The blood flow through the ascending and descending portions of the vasa recta

The lab results of a newly admitted patient indicate renal impairment. How might this affect the dosing regimen of drugs that are excreted by the kidney?

The dosage or the dosage interval may need to be reduced.

The myogenic mechanism of the renal auto regulation primarily involves smooth muscle in which blood vessels?

afferent arterioles

The ____________ use the medullary osmotic gradient to concentrate urine.

collecting ducts

Upon reaching what point in the nephron is reabsorption (1) dependent upon the body's needs at the time and (2) regulated by hormones?

distal convoluted tubule

GFR regulation mechanisms primarily affect which of the following?

glomerular hydrostatic pressure (HPg)

The specialized capillary bed responsible for the pressure that drives filtration is the?

glomerulus

Your patient's urinalysis shows a large amount of protein in the urine. This suggests a problem in the ____________

glomerulus

the long nephron loops of the ___ nephrons are located in the renal ____.

juxtamedullary; medulla

The ___ create the medullary osmotic gradient and act as countercurrent ___

long nephron loops; multipliers

Which of the following are mechanisms of intrinsic control of glomerular filtration (renal auto regulation)?

myogenic mechanism and tubuloglomerular feedback

The structural and functional unit of the kidney is a?

nephron

What area of the nephron is responsible for the reabsorption of most of the water from the filtrate as well as most nutrients?

proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

Which of the following best describes glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

the volume of filtrate created by the kidneys per minute

Macula densa cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) regulate GFR through which intrinsic mechanism?

tubuloglomerular feedback

An elevated level of the urea in the blood is?

uremia

The ___ preserve the medullary osmotic gradient and act as a countercurrent ___

vasa recta; exchangers