Pharm Exam 4

What type of drug is Ciprofloxacin?

Ciprofloxacin is a type of Fluoroquinolone. Fluoroquinolones are an anti-bacterial drug that work by inhibiting DNA/RNA function and synthesis.

Your patient... 57 y.o. man with osteoarthritis in his right knee. He frequently takes an OTC acetaminophen product (Tylenol) to control his pain, and enable him to participate in his rehab program. What information can you provide him about how to use this product safely? Select all that apply A. do not exceed recommended amount; high acetaminophen doses cause hepatotoxicity B. reduce alcohol intake, combo of alcohol and acetaminophen increases risk of liver toxicity C. be careful of other OTC products (NyQuil, Theraflu, etc) that contain acetaminophen; taking them with Tylenol can cause overdose

A, B, C

All DMARDs suppress immune function to some extent. This effect might increase the chance of serious infections from bacterial, viral, fungal, and other pathogens. What advice can you give the patient about minimizing the chance that he/she will develop an infection while taking these drugs? Select all that apply. A. all recommended vaccinations should be up-to-date, including annual flue shots B. report symptoms of infections in the upper respiratory, urinary tract, etc. C. fevers that last more than a day or so could indicate early signs of a more serious systemic infection D. avoid people who have a cold, cough, the flu, and other signs of infections that can be transmitted early

A, B, C, D

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a DMARD? A. NSAIDs such as aspirin B. gold compounds such as auranofin (Ridaura) C. tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors such as etanercept (Enbrel) D. drugs that modulate the immune response such as leflunomide (Arava) E. anti-proliferative drugs such as methotrexate (Rheumatrex)

A. NSAIDs such as aspirin

Complementary and alternative medicines such as dietary supplements are NOT subject to FDA drug testing and approval. A. True B. False

A. True

Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate are over the counter drugs that may provide substrates to help with regenerating cartilage in osteoarthritis. A. True B. False

A. True

Excessive doses of fat soluble vitamins can be especially harmful because these vitamins can accumulate in adipose tissue, the liver, and various other sites throughout the body. All of the following vitamins are fat soluble EXCEPT: A. Vitamin C B. Vitamin E C. Vitamin K D. Vitamin D

A. Vitamin C

The primary problem with oral anti-diabetic drugs is: A. hypoglycemia B. GI disturbances C. weight gain D. cardiac arrhythmias

A. hypoglycemia

Which of the following is true regarding Echinacea? A. may cause a skin rash B. is an herb developed from the evergreen tree C. adverse effects include suppression of the immune system D. may cause insomnia E. acts as a cardiac and CNS stimulant

A. may cause a skin rash

Which of the following drugs is considered an insulin sensitizer? A. metformin (Glucophage) B. acetohexamide (Dymelor) C. colesevelam (Wechol) D. sitagliptin (Januvia)

A. metformin (Glucophage)

Anti-fungal drugs are relatively safe when administered ________, but the risk of liver toxicity and other serious side effects increases substantially when these drugs are given _______. A. topically; orally B. orally; topically C. subcutaneously; topically D. intravenously; subcutaneously E. systemically; locally

A. topically; orally

Newer biologics for rheumatoid arthritis management include tumor necrosis-alpha activators. A. True B. False

B. False

Which of the following is true regarding DMARDs: A. These drugs are rarely combined with other agents because of toxicity B. Methotrexate is a DMARD and considered a cornerstone therapy for RA C. They have relatively few side effects, only associated with mild GI problems D. All of the above

B. Methotrexate is a DMARD and considered a cornerstone therapy for RA

Which of the following drug strategies is NOT useful in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus? A. drugs that sensitize tissues to insulin B. drugs that stimulate glucagon production from the pancreas C. drugs that stimulate insulin production from the pancreas D. drugs that inhibit glucose absorption from the GI tract E. drugs that inhibit the breakdown of endogenously produced incretin peptides

B. drugs that stimulate glucagon production from the pancreas

All of the following are ways that antibacterial drugs exert their effect EXCEPT: A. inhibit cell wall synthesis and function B. inhibit enzymes that synthesize membrane components C. inhibit DNA/RNA synthesis and function D. inhibit protein synthesis

B. inhibit enzymes that synthesize membrane components

All of the following are appropriate uses of vitamins and mineral supplements EXCEPT: A. folic acid supplements in women who are pregnant B. large doses of vitamin D to eliminate the need for regular exercise C. iron supplements in women who are menstruating D. large doses of vitamin B for people with specific nerve disorders E. potassium supplements for people taking diuretics

B. large doses of vitamin D to eliminate the need for regular exercise

Rather than merely treat symptoms such as pain and inflammation, which of the following types of drugs may actually decrease or modify the progression of the disease process in patients with rheumatoid arthritis? A.COX-2 inhibitors such as celecoxib (Celebrex) B. tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors such as etanercept (Enbrel) C. acetaminophen D.NSAIDs such as aspirin E.opioids

B. tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors such as etanercept (Enbrel)

Regarding complimentary and alternative medications (CAMs), all of the following characteristics of CAM use are true except: A. patients may be reluctant to report CAM use B. adverse effects of CAMs might not be reported C. CAMs undergo phase III FDA testing prior to being made available to the public D. patients may think "more is better" E. CAMs delay of prevent the use of more conventional medications

C. CAMs undergo phase III FDA testing prior to being made available to the public

Which of the following drugs is considered a "cornerstone" drug for managing Type II diabetes? A. Pioglitazone B. Glyburide C. Metformin D. Insulin

C. Metformin

In addition to medical management and diet, current physical activity recommendations for individuals with diabetes include which of the following: A. All of the above are current recommendations B.Resistance training 1x per week C. Reduce sedentary time (<90 minutes of sitting) and stand every 30 minutes for 2-3 minutes D. > 120 minutes of aerobic exercise

C. Reduce sedentary time (<90 minutes of sitting) and stand every 30 minutes for 2-3 minutes

Which of the following drugs is considered as 1st line for the treatment of osteoarthritis? A. Aleve B. Celebrex C. Tylenol D. Advil E. Ridaura

C. Tylenol

Why is it essential that insulin be administered as a drug to people with type 1 diabetes mellitus? A. the alpha cells in the pancreas have stopped producing insulin B. skeletal muscles and other tissues have decreased sensitivity to the person's own insulin C. lack of insulin will cause repeated hyperglycemia which causes damage to blood vessels that will eventually occlude blood flow through those vessels D. insulin increases blood glucose during periods of fasting E. all the above are reasons why insulin must be administered to people with type 1 diabetes mellitus

C. lack of insulin will cause repeated hyperglycemia which causes damage to blood vessels that will eventually occlude blood flow through those vessels

Viral infections are often more difficult to treat than other types of infections because A. viruses contain organelles that are naturally resistant to antiviral drugs B. virus particles are much larger in size than other infectious micro-organisms such as bacteria C. viruses penetrate into human cells and cannot be killed easily without harming the human cell D. all of the above E. none of the above

C. viruses penetrate into human cells and cannot be killed easily without harming the human cell

Early and aggressive use of ______ can slow the progression of rheumatoid arthritis in many patients before there is extensive damage to affected joints. A. NSAIDs B. acetaminophen C. drugs that increase bone and cartilage destruction D. DMARDs E. All of the above

D. DMARDs

Certain anti-HIV drugs (zidovudine, didanosine) are known as reverse transcriptase inhibitors because they: A. prevent absorption/penetration of HIV into T4 lymphocytes B. inhibit insertion of viral DNA into host-cell chromosomes C. inhibit transcription of viral RNA to RNA D. all are correct

D. all are correct

People who are on insulin therapy for diabetes mellitus are more at risk for hypoglycemia if: A. they administer too much insulin B. they skip a meal C. they exercise too strenuously D. all are correct E. none are correct

D. all are correct

Antibacterial drugs can exert selective toxicity against bacterial cells because A. bacteria have a more rigid cell membrane than human cells B. bacteria have different ribosomes than human cells C. DNA and RNA synthesis and function are different in bacterial cells compared to human cells D. all of the above E. none of the above

D. all of the above

Which of the following an affect insulin absorption? A. application of hot packs over the insulin injection site B. massage C. exercise D. all of the above

D. all of the above

In certain patients with osteoarthritis, viscosupplementation is performed to restore the lubricating properties of synovial fluid by A. administering oral anti-inflammatory steroids B. administering oral NSAIDs C. injecting anti-inflammatory steroids directly into the affect joint D. injection hyaluronan directly into the affected joint E. injecting NSAIDs directly into the affect joint

D. injection hyaluronan directly into the affected joint

All of the following drug strategies are currently approved by the FDA to treat HIV infection EXCEPT A. drugs that inhibit the HIV reverse transcriptase enzyme B. drugs that inhibit the HIV protease enzyme C. drugs that inhibit the HIV integrase enzyme D. drugs that inhibit HIV entry into susceptible lymphocytes E. drugs that stimulate the immune system to recognize and destroy the virus if a person is exposed to HIV

E. drugs that stimulate the immune system to recognize and destroy the virus if a person is exposed to HIV

All of the above are common ways bacteria become drug resistant EXCEPT: A. they mask the drug binding site B. they change enzymes targeted by drugs C. they develop drug efflux pumps D. they decrease drug penetration E. none of the above

E. none of the above

True or False: Type I diabetics have normal levels of endogenous insulin, but poor response or resistance to it in the body.

False

What is the common goal of anti-infection agents?

Selective toxicity

True or False: best medical practice for prescribing antibiotics includes us of narrow spectrum antibiotics whenever possible.

True

What type class of drug is glyburide (Micronase)?

a sulfonylurea that increases insulin secretion from the pancreatic beta cells

What is the rationale behind multiple drug therapies used in the treatment if Type II DM?

combinations of drugs are used to promote optimal glucose control in specific patients

What type class of drug is metformin (Glucaphage)?

increase sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin

What type class of drug is regular insulin (Lispro)?

rapid acting insulin therapy