Ch 3 connect

Which of the following cell types would normally have two membranes? Multiple choice question. Gram-positive Gram-negative

Gram-negative

Which characteristic gives mycoplasmas their unique shapes? Multiple choice question. Their cell membranes Their flagella Their external S-layer They lack a cell wall

They lack a cell wall

Which of the following components of LPS is most external in the outer membrane? Multiple choice question. O antigen Core polysaccharide Lipid A

O antigen

The most inclusive term to describe the contents within the plasma membrane is ____. Multiple choice question. capsule envelope cytoplasm cytosol

cytoplasm

Bacterial internal membrane structures are often connected to the _____. Multiple choice question. plasma membrane outer membrane cytoskeleton peptidoglycan

plasma membrane

When protons move across the _____ through channels composed of the stator proteins, MotA and MotB, the flagellum rotates. Multiple choice question. outer membrane peptidoglycan layer entire cell envelope plasma membrane

plasma membrane

In hypertonic solutions, a cell will shrivel up; this is called

plasmolysis, crenate, or crenation

In gram-negative bacteria, transport across the outer membrane is made possible by the presence of _____. Multiple choice question. LPS Braun's lipoproteins porin proteins teichoic acids

porin proteins

Select all that apply Ribosomes are composed of ____. Multiple select question. fatty acids protein lipid nucleic acid

protein nucleic acid

Which of the following organism groups have cell walls composed of peptidoglycan? Multiple choice question. Archaea Fungi Plants Bacteria

Bacteria

______________ is a word often used interchangeably with pili.

Fimbriae

is a word often used interchangeably with pili.

Fimbriae, Fimbria, fimbriae, or fimbria

Which of the following are involved in the uptake of foreign DNA, attachment to surfaces, and, motility? Multiple choice question. Flagella Cilia Fimbriae/pili Pseudopodia

Fimbriae/pili

Which of the following is the typical motility structure of bacteria? Multiple choice question. Pseudopodia Fimbriae Flagella Pili

Flagella

How many basal body rings are found in gram-negative bacteria? Multiple choice question. Four Two One None

Four

Which of the following proteins is involved in bacterial cell division? Multiple choice question. LPS FtsZ Braun's lipoprotein TubZ

FtsZ

Select all that apply The cytoskeletal proteins that determine cell shape by positioning the enzymes that synthesize peptidoglycan are _____ and _____. Multiple select question. MreB CreS Mbl ParA FtsZ

MreB Mbl

Which of the following is a polymer of NAM, NAG, and amino acids? Multiple choice question. Peptidoglycan Lipopolysaccharide Teichoic acid Braun's lipoprotein

Peptidoglycan

The longest component of the bacterial flagellum is the _____. Multiple choice question. peptidoglycan filament hook basal body

filament

Being _____ allows for some bacteria to have a degree of differentiation among the cells in this arrangement. Multiple choice question. filamentous branched coccus forked

filamentous

The hundreds of thin, short hair-like projections extending from the bacterial cell are called ____. Multiple choice question. flagella cilia fimbriae glycocalyx

fimbriae

Endospores differ from fungal spores in that endospores are Multiple choice question. widespread in bacteria not medically important less resistant to stress not reproductive cells

not reproductive cells

DNA supercoiling, macromolecular crowding, and structural proteins contribute to organizing the architecture of the _____. Multiple choice question. 70S ribosome nucleoid cytoskeleton plasmid

nucleoid

The irregularly shaped region of a bacterial cell that contains the chromosome and numerous proteins is called the ____. Multiple choice question. nucleoid granulosome DNA vesicle nucleus

nucleoid

The packaging (coiling) of bacterial chromosomes uses ____. Multiple choice question. nucleoid-associated proteins granulocytes inclusion bodies histones

nucleoid-associated proteins

A bacterial cell will produce _____ endospore(s). Multiple choice question. sixteen one four eight

one

Most bacteria have ____ chromosome(s). Multiple choice question. many one two four

one

Gram-negative bacteria have a(n) ______ space between the inner membrane and the outer membrane.

periplasmic

Bacteria that have swarming motility typically have ____ flagella. Multiple choice question. monotrichous amphitrichous peritrichous lophotrichous

peritrichous

Polyphosphate granules are used to store ______. Multiple choice question. sugar amino acids phosphate nitrogen

phosphate

Small, double-stranded, circular pieces of DNA found in addition to the bacterial chromosome are called ____. Multiple choice question. nucleoids plasmids ribosomes chromatids

plasmids

The cytoskeletal proteins MreB and Mbl determine cell shape by Multiple choice question. position the enzymes that synthesize peptidoglycan polymerizing at the internal surface of the plasma membrane forming the septum that will divide a cell into two during binary fission

position the enzymes that synthesize peptidoglycan

The bacterial nucleoid is composed of ____. Multiple choice question. only DNA ribosomes and RNA protein and DNA an aggregate of vesicles

protein and DNA

Bacterial inclusions are composed of organic or inorganic materials surrounded by ________. Multiple choice question. tight coils of nucleic acid lipopolysaccharide a sugar capsule protein or lipoprotein

protein or lipoprotein

Which structure of bacteria dictates the outcome of gram-staining? Multiple choice question. Capsule Cell wall Cell membrane Inner and outer cell membrane

Cell wall

Select all that apply Which three of the following bacterial genera are capable of producing endospores? Multiple select question. Caulobacter Vibrio Clostridium Bacillus Sporosarcina Escherichia

Clostridium Bacillus Sporosarcina

Which component of an endospore is composed of highly crosslinked protein? Multiple choice question. Germ cell wall Coat Cortex Exosporium

Coat

Match the following common bacterial cellular components with their function

Cell wall: protection against osmotic stressCell membrane: selectively permeable barrierCapsule: protective layer and sometimes aids in adhersionRibosomes: site of protein synthesis

Which of the following cellular components is not found in both plant cells and bacterial cells? Multiple choice question. Cell membrane Ribosomes Cell wall Nucleus

Nucleus

The approximate dimensions of fimbriae are ____. Multiple choice question. 3 to 10 μm in diameter and up to several μm long 3 to 10 μm in diameter and up to several nm long 3 to 10 nm in diameter and up to several μm long 3 to 10 μm in diameter and up to several mm long

3 to 10 nm in diameter and up to several μm long

List the order of events that occur in the transition from endospore to a vegetative cell.

1) activation 2) germination 3) outgrowth

Most cells contain _____ ribosomes. Multiple choice question. 10-20 100-200 10,000-20,000 1,000-2,000

10,000-20,000

Bacterial ribosomes are composed of two subunits, the _____ S and the ____ S.

30 or 50

Select all that apply Which two subunits are found in all bacterial ribosomes? Multiple select question. 30S 70S 40S 60S 50S

30S 50S

What compound links the outer membrane to the cell in gram-negative bacteria? Multiple choice question. Lipopolysaccharide Braun's lipoprotein Teichoic acid Integral protein

Braun's lipoprotein

Why do gram-negative bacteria have more basal body rings for flagella than gram-positive bacteria? Multiple choice question. Gram-positive bacteria have a thick cell wall. Gram-negative bacteria are more energy efficient. Gram-negative bacteria have two membranes. Gram-positive bacteria are rarely motile.

Gram-negative bacteria have two membranes.

The nucleoid-associated protein found in almost all bacteria is _____. Multiple choice question. FtsZ PHB HU MreB

HU

Which structural component of the flagellum is responsible for the "bend" in the flagellum? Multiple choice question. Basal body Filament Hook

Hook

The two sugars found in peptidoglycan are abbreviated as

NAG and NAM

Which of the following best describes why bacterial cells are so small? Multiple choice question. Surface area to volume ratio Inefficient metabolism Light avoidance Predation avoidance

Surface area to volume ratio

Ribosomes are the site of which process? Multiple choice question. Translation Transduction Conjugation Transcription

Translation

The bacterial shape known as a rod is also termed a

bacilli

Bacterial magnetosomes function to ____. Multiple choice question. segregate heavy metals from enzymes capture energy from Fe3O4 determine orientation in the planetary magnetic field enclose the cell's energy conservation molecules

determine orientation in the planetary magnetic field

Bacterial surface structures external to the plasma membrane and the membrane itself are collectively referred to as the cell

envelope

Which of the following attributes is found in bacterial cells but not in animal cells? Multiple choice question. Cell wall Have cell membranes Size and arrangement Have ribosomes

Cell wall

Which component of LPS anchors the compound in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria? Multiple choice question. O antigen NAM-NAG chains Core polysaccharide Lipid A

Lipid A

Which component of LPS can act as a toxin in a gram-negative bacterial infection? Multiple choice question. Lipid A O antigen Core polysaccharide

Lipid A

The LPS component responsible for stimulating an antibody response in gram-negative bacterial infections is the _______ antigen.

O or O side chain

Which term describes the space between the inner and outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria? Multiple choice question. Cytoplasm Matrix Periplasmic space Cytosol

Periplasmic space

Match the color with the cell type following a properly executed gram stain. Pink Gram-negative Purple Gram-positive

Pink Gram-negative Purple Gram-positive

Exoenzymes are necessary because some nutrient sources are too large for transport across the Multiple choice question. Capsule Plasma membrane Peptidoglycan

Plasma membrane

Exoenzymes are necessary because some nutrient sources are too large for transport across the Multiple choice question. Peptidoglycan Plasma membrane Capsule

Plasma membrane

Which of the following terms describes a bacterial cell that is variable in shape and lacks a single characteristic form? Multiple choice question. Bacillus Coccus Pleomorphic Spiral

Pleomorphic

Which compounds typically gives gram-positive bacterial cell walls their net-negative charge? Multiple choice question. Peptide interbridge Teichoic acids NAM Lipopolysaccharides NAG

Teichoic acids

Select all that apply Which five of the following are cell wall components found in gram-positive bacteria? Multiple select question. Teichoic acids Nucleotides NAM Periplasm Lipopolysaccharide NAG Amino acids Stem peptide

Teichoic acids NAM NAG Amino acids Stem peptide

Flagella are about ____ wide and up to ____ long. Multiple choice question. 20 μm // 20 nm 20 μm // 20 mm 20 μm // 20 μm 20 nm // 20 μm

20 nm // 20 μm

Select all that apply Which two subunits are found in all bacterial ribosomes? Multiple select question. 40S 30S 50S 60S 70S

30S 50S

Which of the following describes the function of the FtsZ protein? Multiple choice question. Aids in signal transduction Aids in binary fission Aids in motility Aids in attachment

Aids in binary fission

Which of the following steps will decolorize cells during the gram staining process? Multiple choice question. Alcohol step Iodine step Safranin step Crystal violet step

Alcohol step

How does penicillin kill some bacteria? Multiple choice question. Induces water flow out of the bacterial cell Forms a channel that transports ATP out of the cell Fills the lumen of porin proteins Allows osmotic stress to lyse the cell

Allows osmotic stress to lyse the cell

The carboxysome serves as the site for _____. Multiple choice question. CO2 dehydration CO2 synthesis CO2 storage CO2 fixation

CO2 fixation

Which of the following cell structures aids in resisting phagocytosis? Multiple choice question. LPS Cell wall Plasma membrane Capsule

Capsule

Match the following according to their relationships. Capsule ..... organized protein layer Slime layer .......organized sugar layer S-layer .... unorganized sugar layer

Capsule - organized sugar layerSlime layer - unorganized sugar layerS-layer - organized protein layer

Match Capsule easily detaches well attached Slime layer S-layer aids in cellular shape

Capsule well attached Slime layer easily detaches S-layer aids in cellular shape

Which of the following statements is false concerning carbon fixation in carboxysomes? Multiple choice question. The shell is required to prevent CO2 escape. Without the protein shell, CO2 would diffuse away from RubisCO. Carbonic anhydrase is enclosed within the polyhedral shell. RubisCO is enclosed within the polyhedral shell.

Carbonic anhydrase is enclosed within the polyhedral shell.

What is the name of a structure found in cyanobacteria that is about 100 nm in diameter and is the location for enzymes responsible for CO2 fixation? Multiple choice question. Polyhydroxyalkonate granule Carboxysome Carbonosome Peroxisome

Carboxysome

Which of the following components of an endospore protects it from the action of lysozyme? Multiple choice question. Cortex Exosporium Coat Germ cell wall

Coat

Select all that apply Which two of the following are functions of nucleoid-associated proteins? Multiple select question. Bind the chromosome to the plasma membrane Mark the chromosomal origin of replication Attract ribosomes to express genes Compact the chromosome during binary fission Bridge distant sections of the chromosome

Compact the chromosome during binary fission Bridge distant sections of the chromosome

Sex pili are associated with which of the following processes? Multiple choice question. Conjugation Motility Carbohydrate transport DNA replication

Conjugation

Select all that apply Which four of the following are functions of lipopolysaccharide? Contributes to the negative charge of the cell Protects from environmental toxins (and immunological factors) Provides energy for flagellar rotation Aids in genome replication Maintains cell shape as a structural support Makes a permeability barrier Stabilizes the outer membrane

Contributes to the negative charge of the cell Protects from environmental toxins (and immunological factors) Makes a permeability barrier Stabilizes the outer membrane

Polyphosphate granules store the phosphate needed for synthesis of ______. Multiple choice question. internal membranes the cytoskeleton peptidoglycan DNA and RNA

DNA and RNA

As food is harvested, cleaned, and cooked, which bacterial form can spread disease? Multiple choice question. Mycelium Flagella Endospores Hyphae

Endospores

Which of the following best describes why the food industry has trouble dealing with human pathogens that make endospores? Multiple choice question. Endospores are resistant to many cooking techniques. Endospores can spread quickly from hand to hand of their employees. Endospores are very water soluble. Endospores cannot be seen by staff workers.

Endospores are resistant to many cooking techniques.

Which is the outermost layer of an endospore? Multiple choice question. Exosporium Outer membrane Germ cell wall Coat

Exosporium

True or false: Gliding motility requires the use of external flagella. True false question. True False

False

True or false: Plasmids replicate only when the bacterial chromosome replicates. True false question. True False

False

Which of the following events during endospore germination occurs first? Multiple choice question. Cortex peptidoglycan is broken down Germinant receptors detect sugars and amino acids Water enters the cell to rehydrate its components Calcium-dipicolinate complexes are released

Germinant receptors detect sugars and amino acids

Which term describes the external polysaccharide coat that encompasses the terms capsule and slime layer? Multiple choice question. Glycocalyx Lipopolysaccharides Teichoic acids Phagocyte

Glycocalyx

Which of the following components of an endospore is primarily impermeable to various chemicals that would typically cause DNA damage? Multiple choice question. Cortex Coat Inner membrane Exosporium

Inner membrane

Select all that apply Which three of the following are eukaryotic cytoskeletal elements? Multiple select question. Intermediate filaments Microtubules Actin filaments Flagellins Cell wall polysaccharides Inclusions

Intermediate filaments Microtubules Actin filaments

Which of the following is responsible for gram-positive bacteria remaining purple after the alcohol step during gram-staining? Multiple choice question. Crystal violet Iodine Safranin

Iodine

Which step occurs between the crystal violet step and the alcohol step during gram-staining? Multiple choice question. Safranin step Iodine step Heat fixation

Iodine step

Which of the following polymers is composed of lipids and sugars? Multiple choice question. Peptidoglycan LPS Teichoic acid Braun's lipoprotein

LPS

Select all that apply Which three of the following are functions of the bacterial cytoskeleton? Multiple select question. Participate in phagocytosis Aid in transport of nutrients Act as a support structure for energy conservation Localize specific proteins within the cell Determine cell shape Participate in cell division

Localize specific proteins within the cell Determine cell shape Participate in cell division

Will penicillin typically kill a bacterium residing in an isotonic environment? Multiple choice question. Yes No

No

Match each cytoplasm components with its description.

Nucleiod - composed of dna and protein Ribosome - composed of rna and protein Plasmid - circular dna that is not essential Cytoskeleton - network of protein polymers

What is the trigger for sporulation? Multiple choice question. Temperature increase Viral infection Radiation damage Nutrient limitation

Nutrient limitation

Which of the following structures can be associated with DNA uptake (e.g., conjugation)? Multiple choice question. Pseudopodia Cilia Pili Flagella

Pili

Which of the following words most closely matches "fimbriae"? Multiple choice question. Cilia Flagella Glycocalyx Pili

Pili

Which of the following words most closely matches "fimbriae"? Multiple choice question. Cilia Glycocalyx Pili Flagella

Pili

If the cell wall of a bacterium was removed, and then the cell was gram-stained, what color would it appear? Multiple choice question. Pink Blue Purple Green

Pink

Select all that apply Which five of the following are found in the bacterial cell cytoplasm? Multiple select question. Plasmids Flagella Cytoskeleton Cell wall Peptidoglycan Chromosome Pili Nucleoid Lipid A Inclusion bodies

Plasmids Cytoskeleton Chromosome Nucleoid Inclusion bodies

What charge does crystal violet have? Multiple choice question. Positive Negative Neutral

Positive

Which term includes the plasma membrane and everything inside it? Multiple choice question. Protoplast Cytoplasm Envelope Cytosol

Protoplast

Select all that apply Which two of the following are functions of bacterial inclusions? Multiple select question. Promote energy conservation Reduce osmotic pressure Cell division Storage Quorum sensing

Reduce osmotic pressure Storage

Which of the following bacterial structures is the site of protein synthesis? Multiple choice question. Cell wall Ribosome DNA (chromosome) Plasma membrane

Ribosome

The surface layer that is regularly structured and patterned like floor tiles is the Multiple choice question. slime layer capsule S-layer

S-layer

Which of the following aids in the cell shape? Multiple choice question. Slime layer Capsule S-layer

S-layer

Which of the following can form (oligomerize) spontaneously from simple subunits? Multiple choice question. Capsule Slime layer S-layer

S-layer

Which of the following can form (oligomerize) spontaneously from simple subunits? Multiple choice question. S-layer Slime layer Capsule

S-layer

Which of the following is composed of protein or glycoprotein? Multiple choice question. S-layer Capsule Slime layer

S-layer

Which of the following structures is usually composed of sugars arranged in a zone of diffuse, unorganized material that can be removed from the cell fairly easily? Multiple choice question. Capsule Cell wall Slime layer LPS

Slime layer

Which term describes the cellular arrangement of spherical cells linked in a chain? Multiple choice question. Staphylococcus Diplococcus Streptococcus Pallisades

Streptococcus

Which of the following statements is false regarding flagellum filament assembly? Multiple choice question. The filament is a solid structure that grows from the base. Individual flagellin subunits are transported to the tip of the hollow filament. The filament cap is at the end farthest from the cell envelope. Flagellin subunits spontaneously aggregate to form the filament.

The filament is a solid structure that grows from the base.

Which of the following statement is true regarding protein denaturation in the endospore core? Multiple choice question. The presence of Ca-DPA in an endospore core prevents protein denaturation at high temperature. There is very little protein present in an endospore core, so denaturation is of little consequence. Endospore core proteins are protected by the presence of small acid-soluble proteins (SASPs). The low water content of an endospore core immobilizes proteins, which promotes renaturation after germination.

The low water content of an endospore core immobilizes proteins, which promotes renaturation after germination.

Which of the following statement is false regarding the contribution of low water content to endospore resistance? Multiple choice question. Upon germination, the proteins in the endospore core assume their active structure. The low water content of an endospore core prevents protein denaturation at high temperature. The low water content of an endospore prevents protein-protein interactions. The low water content of an endospore prevents rotation of enzymes.

The low water content of an endospore core prevents protein denaturation at high temperature.

Which of the following describes the "protoplast"? Multiple choice question. The plasma membrane and all structures outside of it. Structures outside the plasma membrane. Structures found in the region bounded by the plasma membrane. The plasma membrane and all structures within it.

The plasma membrane and all structures within it.

Thermotaxis stimulant = temperature Phototaxis stimulant = light Osmotaxis stimulant = osmotic pressure Aerotaxis stimulant = oxygen

Thermotaxis stimulant = temperature Phototaxis stimulant = light Osmotaxis stimulant = osmotic pressure Aerotaxis stimulant = oxygen

True or false: Bacteria are the only organisms that have cell walls composed of peptidoglycan. True false question. True False

True

True or false: Bacteria have a cytoskeleton. True false question. TrueFalse

True

True or false: During endospore germination, the endospore cell wall must be degraded by enzymes already present in the core. True false question. True False

True

True or false: The term lysis means "the bursting of a cell". True false question. True False

True

Which type of bacterial motility requires type IV pili? Multiple choice question. Swarming motility Twitching motility Swimming motility Spirochete motility

Twitching motility

Which of the following statements regarding twitching motility is true? Multiple choice question. Twitching motility requires a type VI secretion system. Twitching motility is characterized by smooth motions. Twitching motility is powered by ATP hydrolysis. Twitching motility is normally seen in cells in a liquid suspension.

Twitching motility is powered by ATP hydrolysis.

Which of the following statements regarding twitching motility is false? Multiple choice question. Twitching motility is powered by the proton motive force. Twitching motility requires a type IV pilus that extends and retracts. Twitching motility is characterized by short jerky motions. Twitching motility is normally seen on moist surfaces.

Twitching motility is powered by the proton motive force.

Select all that apply Which four of the following are characteristics associated with bacterial carboxysomes in cyanobacteria? Multiple select question. Polyhedral protein coat Carbonic anhydrase Lipid membrane-bound Stores carbon compounds Location for CO2 fixation Gas vesicles Type of inclusion body

Type of inclusion body Polyhedral protein coat Carbonic anhydrase Location for CO2 fixation

Which term describes a bacterial cell that is a slightly "bent rod" shape, also called comma-shaped? Multiple choice question. Spirochete Spirilla Bacillus Pleomorphic Vibrio Coccus

Vibrio

Pores in the outer membrane are composed of ____. Multiple choice question. a cluster of three porin proteins several hundred sugars wrapped in a barrel shape polymers of LPS a barrel of lipids that spans the membrane

a cluster of three porin proteins

Bacterial gas vesicles are composed of ____. Multiple choice question. a lipid membrane a nucleic acid coat a sugar capsule a protein coat

a protein coat

Most bacterial flagella are powered by ____. Multiple choice question. GTP ATP a proton motive force an electron transport chain

a proton motive force

____________ is used to decolorize bacterial cells during the gram-staining process.

alcohol

Which portion of the flagellum spins during the swimming motion? Multiple choice question. All three components Just the filament The hook and filament Just the basal body

all three components(hook, filament ,basal body)

The core polysaccharide of LPS is composed of ____. Multiple choice question. 2 sugar derivatives of glucosamine about 10 teichoic acids about 10 sugars the O antigen

about 10 sugars

Bacterial inclusions is ____. Multiple choice question. the invagination of the plasma membrane during cell division a membrane-bound storage vesicle an aggregate of materials within the cell aggregated internal membranes for metabolic activity

an aggregate of materials within the cell

Bacterial internal membranes differ from the plasma membrane in that the internal membranes Multiple choice question. are synthesized by cytoplasmic ribosomes are enriched in proteins involved in energy conservation are composed of lipids with an unusual bilayer structure have very few integral membrane proteins

are enriched in proteins involved in energy conservation

Select all that apply Sex pili are different from fimbriae in that sex pili ____. Multiple select question. are required for conjugation are shorter are found in eukaryotes are larger attach to the LPS

are required for conjugation are larger

Enzymes called sortases are responsible for Multiple choice question. attaching teichoic acids to peptidoglycan joining the peptide interbridges of two peptidoglycan strands attaching secreted proteins to the peptidoglycan joining individual peptidoglycan strands to the growing sacculus

attaching secreted proteins to the peptidoglycan

Which of the following best describes organisms capable of producing endospores? Multiple choice question. most archaea bacteria in the Clostridium genus most but not all bacteria gram-negative bacteria

bacteria in the Clostridium genus

The bacterial flagellum is anchored to the cell envelope by the _____. Multiple choice question. basal body hook filament peptidoglycan

basal body

A potential industrial use of the carbon storage compound PHB is in Multiple choice question. biodegradable plastics drug delivery spontaneously-assembling structures energy transfer

biodegradable plastics

In the absence of a chemical gradient, E. coli cells move randomly, with Multiple choice question. short runs and frequent tumbles both runs and tumbles of comparable length long runs and infrequent tumbles

both runs and tumbles of comparable length

Bacterial gas vacuoles are principally used for ____. Multiple choice question. buoyancy cell division food storage membrane production

buoyancy

The well-organized _________ layer is located outside of the cell membrane and is known to aid in resistance to phagocytosis.

capsule

Select all that apply LPS is composed of _____. Multiple select question. carbohydrates amino acids lipids nucleotides

carbohydrates lipids

Polyhydroxyalkonate (PHA) granules are used to store ______. Multiple choice question. carbon nitrogen amino acids sugar

carbon

Almost all bacteria have a(n) ____ outside the plasma membrane. Multiple choice question. slime layer cell wall outer cell membrane flagella

cell wall

For bacterial cells, the cell envelope layer that lies just outside the plasma membrane is called the ____. Multiple choice question. capsule glycocalyx cell wall outer membrane

cell wall

For bacterial cells, the cell envelope layer that lies just outside the plasma membrane is called the ____. Multiple choice question. glycocalyx outer membrane cell wall capsule

cell wall

In most bacterial cells, the cell _________ is the structural "sugar bound with protein" layer surrounding the cell, external to the plasma membrane.

cell wall

Movement away from a repellent is termed _____. Multiple choice question. osmotaxis phototaxis chemotaxis aerotaxis

chemotaxis

Complexing with calcium dipicolinate and small acid-soluble proteins (SASPs) are mechanisms that protect the _____ of an endospore from harsh environmental conditions. Multiple choice question. plasma membrane chromosome peptidoglycan ribosomes

chromosome

Select all that apply Which two of the following are found in the core of an endospore? Multiple select question. chromosome ribosomes peptidoglycan cortex protein coat phospholipid bilayer

chromosome ribosomes

In most bacteria, the chromosome(s) are ______. Multiple choice question. fragmented branched circular linear

circular

Select all that apply Which two of the following describes typical plasmids? Multiple select question. composed of DNA single-stranded double-stranded composed of RNA

composed of DNA double-stranded

Plasmids that facilitate the transfer of DNA from one cell to another are termed _____ plasmids. Multiple choice question. conjugative R virulence multicopy

conjugative

Select all that apply Endospore forming bacteria like those in the genus Bacillus cycle between vegetative growth and endospores. Which two of the following events occur during vegetative growth? Multiple select question. synthesis of small acid-soluble proteins division by binary fission formation of an exosporium decrease in peptidoglycan cross-linking conversion of nutrients to biomass

conversion of nutrients to biomass division by binary fission

Small acid-soluble proteins (SASPs) protect the DNA in an endospore core from UV radiation damage by Multiple choice question. inserting between the nitrogenous bases coating single-stranded denatured DNA converting the DNA from B form to A form neutralizing the negative charge on the phosphate backbone

converting the DNA from B form to A form

In lipopolysaccharide, lipid A connects to the O antigen via the ___________ polysaccharide.

core

Which of the following components of an endospore is composed of peptidoglycan? Multiple choice question. Inner membrane Coat core wall Exosporium

core wall

Select all that apply Which three of the following methods of movement found in bacteria are mediated by flagella? Multiple select question. corkscrew movement swimming twitching swarming gliding

corkscrew movement swimming swarming

Select all that apply Which two of the following are mechanisms to protect the DNA in an endospore? Multiple select question. extensive cross-linking of proteins in the endospore coat layer covering the DNA with small acid-soluble proteins (SASPs) stabilizing denatured DNA so that it renatures during germination maintaining a low water content in the core inserting complexes of calcium-dipicolinic acid between the bases

covering the DNA with small acid-soluble proteins (SASPs) inserting complexes of calcium-dipicolinic acid between the bases

Chains of NAM-NAG in the peptidoglycan are linked to form the sacculus by Multiple choice question. Inserting stem peptides between NAM chains and NAG chains linking NAM and NAG molecules alternately in long chains crosslinking stem peptides on each chain crosslinking NAM chains with NAG chains

crosslinking stem peptides on each chain

Chains of NAM-NAG in the peptidoglycan are linked to form the sacculus by Multiple choice question. linking NAM and NAG molecules alternately in long chains crosslinking stem peptides on each chain crosslinking NAM chains with NAG chains Inserting stem peptides between NAM chains and NAG chains

crosslinking stem peptides on each chain

The process of spontaneously losing a plasmid or purposefully forcing a plasmid to be lost is called

curing

The network of proteins that crisscross the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and give structural strength and architectural support is called the

cytoskeleton

Peritrichous refers to ____. Multiple choice question. anchoring of flagella at both ends of the cell distribution of flagella around the cell anchoring of flagella at one end of the cell flagella anchored in the periplasmic space

distribution of flagella around the cell

Endospores are defined as ____. Multiple choice question. dormant cells formed within a living cell a sex cell (akin to sperm and egg) a structure that forms at the end of a hypha the fruiting body of a bacterium (akin to mushrooms)

dormant cells formed within a living cell

Some bacteria can make a dormant structure, called a(n) __________ which is resistant to many environmental conditions.

endospore or Bacterial Endospore

The term cytoplasm is inclusive of ____. Multiple choice question. only the liquid fraction of the cell only the cellular organelles water and a dilute salt solution everything within the plasma membrane

everything within the plasma membrane

Enzymes that are secreted outside the cell to degrade large compounds so that their subunits can be imported are called

exoenzymes

The genome packaging problem is best described as the challenge to Multiple choice question. fit a large chromosome into the nucleoid express genes when they are in a supercoiled state repair DNA when it is associated with NAPs segregate two daughter chromosomes after every replication event

fit a large chromosome into the nucleoid

In most bacteria, the proton motive force powers ____. Multiple choice question. pseudopodia movement cilia movement fimbriae movement flagella movement

flagella movement

Relative to the cell, the bacterial __________ is a long tube structure that can spin resulting in cell motility.

flagella or flagellum

The filament of a flagellum is composed of repeating protein subunits called ___________

flagellin

Select all that apply Fimbriae can ____. (Choose three.) Multiple select question. split the cell during binary fission function in motility attach to surfaces transport nutrients to the cytoplasm transport DNA to the cytoplasm

function in motility attach to surfaces transport DNA to the cytoplasm

Common bacterial microcompartments composed of a protein shell enclose ______. Multiple choice question. functioning enzymes sulfur granules components of motility carbonosomes

functioning enzymes

The role of teichoic acids appear to be to _____. Multiple choice question. aid in the motility of the cell bind to the gram-staining dyes which results in the purple color bind to the gram-staining dyes which results in the pink color give added strength to the cell wall

give added strength to the cell wall

The term _______ can refer to either capsules or slime layers.

glycocalyx

The filament of the bacterial flagellum is attached to the basal body by the ___________

hook

There are several bacterial motility patterns: run-tumble, run-stop, and run-reverse-flick. These differ in Multiple choice question. how many flagella a single cell has where the energy to move the flagellum comes from the arrangement of bacterial flagella on the cell surface how the cell changes direction after a run

how the cell changes direction after a run

Plasmolysis occurs when a cell is in ____ solutions. Multiple choice question. hypotonic hypertonic isotonic

hypertonic

A mycelium consists of a network of long branched ______. Multiple choice question. hyphae pili fimbriae cilia

hyphae

The motor that drives flagellar rotation is located Multiple choice question. where the hook and filament meet in the filament in the basal body in the hook

in the basal body

Aggregates of materials, either organic or inorganic, within bacterial cells (not membrane-bound) are called _____. Multiple choice question. anammoxosomes vesicles intracytoplasmic membranes inclusions

inclusions

When endospore-forming bacteria detect nutrient limitation, they Multiple choice question. release the endospore from the mother cell initiate endospore development begin depositing endospore coat layers initiate the germination process

initiate endospore development

Bacterial magnetosomes are enclosed by ______. Multiple choice question. invaginations of the plasma membrane invaginations of the outer membrane a polyhedral protein shell a sticky carbohydrate capsule

invaginations of the plasma membrane

The cortex layer of an endospore contains peptidoglycan (PG) that differs from the PG in vegetative cells in that cortex PG Multiple choice question. is less cross-linked has only NAM-NAG chains is crosslinked with dipicolinic acid is more cross-linked

is less cross-linked

Spheroplasts are formed when a bacterial cell ____. Multiple choice question. loses its LPS is lysed by some form of stress is placed in a hypotonic solution is treated with lysozyme

is treated with lysozyme

The location of the cell wall is ____. Multiple choice question. surrounding the nucleus just inside the plasma membrane surrounding the mitochondria just outside the plasma membrane

just outside the plasma membrane

Mycoplasmas are different from other gram-negative bacteria in that they ______. Multiple choice question. have 80S ribosomes have mitochondria lack phospholipid membranes lack a cell wall

lack a cell wall

The bacterial chromosome is ____ (relative to its cell volume) and therefore it ____. Multiple choice question. large // requires special cutting enzymes to limit its size small // can simply anchor on the side of the cell membrane large // requires organized packaging small // does not need a nuclear membrane

large // requires organized packaging

Bacterial microcompartments (a type of inclusion) are composed of ______ that enclose one or more enzymes. Multiple choice question. large protein polyhedrons a coiled-coil of sugars and lipids a lattice of sugars a small, spherical lipid membrane

large protein polyhedrons

Flagella are ____ compared to fimbriae. Multiple choice question. about the same size smaller larger

larger

What size molecules would not be able to pass through the peptidoglycan sacculus? Multiple choice question. smaller than 1,000 molecular weight only water and gases can pass through smaller than 35,000 molecular weight larger than 50,000 molecular weight

larger than 50,000 molecular weight

A strand of peptidoglycan subunits is formed by Multiple choice question. Inserting stem peptides between NAM chains and NAG chains crosslinking NAM chains with NAG chains crosslinking stem peptides linking NAM and NAG molecules alternately in long chains

linking NAM and NAG molecules alternately in long chains

In a chemical gradient, E. coli cells exhibit _____ when moving toward the attractant. Multiple choice question. long runs and infrequent tumbles both runs and tumbles of comparable length short runs and frequent tumbles

long runs and infrequent tumbles

Plasmid curing results in a plasmid integrating into the chromosome elimination of antibiotic resistance genes a highly supercoiled DNA molecule loss of the plasmid from a bacterial cell

loss of the plasmid from a bacterial cell

The term that describes a cell bursting open is

lysis

The enzyme that degrades peptidoglycan is

lysozyme

The high concentration of macromolecules in the cytoplasm results in a viscous solution that affects fundamental physical and chemical processes. This phenomenon is termed _____. Multiple choice question. the salting out effect organization by the cytoskeleton macromolecular crowding the DNA packaging problem

macromolecular crowding

Select all that apply Which three of the following are factors that contribute to nucleoid organization? Multiple select question. macromolecular crowding supercoiling nucleoid-associated proteins polyploid genomes plasma membrane invagination presence of thousands of ribosomes

macromolecular crowding supercoiling nucleoid-associated proteins

The bacterial chromosome is typically _____ the bacterial cell. Multiple choice question. about the same size as many times longer than many times shorter than

many times longer than

monotrichous - single flagellum amphitrichous - flagella located at both cell poles lophotrichous - a cluster of flagella at one or both ends of the cell peritrichous - flagella spread across the entire surface of the cell

monotrichous - single flagellum amphitrichous - flagella located at both cell poles lophotrichous - a cluster of flagella at one or both ends of the cell peritrichous - flagella spread across the entire surface of the cell

The flagella arrangement that consists of a single flagellum at the end of a cell is termed

monotrichous, polar, or polar flagellum

The eukaryotic cytoskeleton is _____ the bacterial cytoskeleton. Multiple choice question. equally as complex as more complex than less complex than

more complex than

Plasmids that are present in more than 100 copies per cell are termed _____ plasmids. Multiple choice question. virulence multicopy R conjugative

multicopy

Some bacteria form a network of hyphae that are collectively called

mycelium

Crystal violet is attracted the bacterial cell's _____ charge. Multiple choice question. positive negative

negative

Gram-Blank __________ bacteria have an inner membrane and an outer membrane.

negative

Lipopolysaccharides are found in gram-____ bacteria. Multiple choice question. negative positive and negative positive

negative

Plasmids are considered ______ for bacterial survival. Multiple choice question. nonessential essential

nonessential

The Braun's lipoprotein links the ____ in gram-negative bacteria. Multiple choice question. outer membrane to the capsule plasma membrane to the peptidoglycan plasma membrane to the outer membrane outer membrane to the peptidoglycan

outer membrane to the peptidoglycan

The __________ interbridge is a short chain of amino acids found in many gram-positive bacteria that links the stem peptide of one peptidoglycan strand to that of another.

peptide

The component of peptidoglycan which connects the stem peptide of one peptidoglycan chain to the stem peptide of another is referred to as the ____. Multiple choice question. peptide crosslink peptide interbridge periplasmic crosslink polysaccharide interbridge

peptide interbridge

Bacterial cell walls are typically composed of ________, a complex of sugars and amino acids, that forms a meshlike structure.

peptidoglycan

The function of bacterial internal membranes is to Multiple choice question. confer a characteristic shape to the cell provide a larger membrane surface for metabolic activity allow for more rapid diffusion of nutrients into the cell segregate certain enzymes into primitive organelles

provide a larger membrane surface for metabolic activity

Select all that apply Teichoic acids are polymers of _____ or _____, joined by phosphate groups. Multiple select question. ribitol glycerol NAG NAM glucose

ribitol glycerol

The ______ is a structure found in all cells and is the location for protein synthesis.

ribosomes

Select all that apply Which of the following cellular components are commonly found in most bacterial cells? Multiple select question. Ribosomes Mitochondria Slime layer Flagella Cell wall Capsule Chloroplasts

ribosomes, cell wall, slime layer, capsule, flagella

Select all that apply Which are the two components of the flagellum motor? Multiple select question. rotor hook filament stator peptidoglycan

rotor stator

When a bacterium is moving smoothly in a single direction, then it is said to be in a ______. Multiple choice question. run tumble marathon pursuit

run

Gliding bacteria often have ____ which aid in their motility. Multiple choice question. lipopolysaccharide capsules flagella slime layers

slime layers

The molecules that protect endospore DNA form UV radiation damage are called _____. Multiple choice question. small acid-soluble proteins B form DNA calcium dipicolinate highly cross-linked proteins

small acid-soluble proteins

Secreted proteins that are covalently bound to the peptidoglycan are attached by enzymes called _____. Multiple choice question. peptidases transferases exoenzymes sortases

sortases

Select all that apply Bacterial internal membranous structures may appear as [choose three] ______. Multiple select question. spherical vesicles spirals in the periplasmic space secreted vesicles tubular membranes lipopolysaccharide flattened vesicles

spherical vesiclestubular membranesflattened vesicles

If a gram-negative bacterial cell were treated with lysozyme in an isotonic environment, the cell would form a(n) ____. Multiple choice question. endospore cyst spore spheroplast

spheroplast

For bacterial motility, the major difference between a run and a tumble is ____. Multiple choice question. spinning or whipping movement of the flagellum which flagellum is "told" to work flagellum = runs and fimbria = tumble spin direction of the flagellum

spin direction of the flagellum

Bacteria swim by ____. Multiple choice question. adhering to surfaces and pulling the cell akin to a person climbing a ladder spinning the flagellum filament like a propeller whipping the flagellum filament back and forth like an oar constantly changing the electrical charges to pull and repulse

spinning the flagellum filament like a propeller

The process of endospore formation is called __________

sporulation

Which three of the following describe the peptidoglycan sacculus? Multiple select question. chemically reactive tightly woven strong elastic brittle porous

strong elastic porous

Capsules are typically composed of ____. Multiple choice question. proteins lipids sugars nucleic acids

sugars

Select all that apply In general, peptidoglycan is composed of Multiple select question. nucleotides sugars amino acids lipids

sugars amino acids

In general, peptidoglycan is composed of ______. Multiple choice question. lipids and nucleotides sugars and amino acids sugars and lipids lipids and amino acids sugars and nucleotides

sugars and amino acids

Sulfur globules are formed by bacteria that use Multiple choice question. sulfur compounds as a macronutrient sulfur-containing lipids for internal membranes sulfur compounds as an electron source sulfur-containing amino acids (cysteine and methionine)

sulfur compounds as an electron source

Bacteria that use hydrogen sulfide as an electron donor for their energy-conserving metabolic processes often form _____. Multiple choice question. polyribosomes PHB inclusions carboxysomes sulfur globules

sulfur globules

Motility that occurs on moist surfaces when groups of cells move in unison is termed _____. Multiple choice question. swimming twitching swarming gliding

swarming

Select all that apply Endospore forming bacteria like those in the genus Bacillus cycle between vegetative growth and endospores. Which two of the following events occur during sporulation? Multiple select question. synthesis of small acid-soluble proteins conversion of nutrients to biomass formation of an exosporium division by binary fission

synthesis of small acid-soluble proteins formation of an exosporium

While most ribosomes are located in the cytoplasm, some are membrane-associated. These membrane-associated ribosomes Multiple choice question. synthesize the same types of proteins as the cytoplasmic ribosomes are not functional, and are in a storage state for later use synthesize proteins that will be transported out of the cell assemble lipoproteins from their lipid and protein components

synthesize proteins that will be transported out of the cell

Molecules too large to pass through the porins in the outer membrane are transported into the cell by Multiple choice question. symporters the TonB complex passive diffusion lipopolysaccharide

the TonB complex

The target of lysozyme is ____. Multiple choice question. teichoic acids the interbridge the bonds between NAG and NAM lipopolysaccharide the penta-glycine crossbridge

the bonds between NAG and NAM

The bacterial cytoplasm is organized by Multiple choice question. macromolecular crowding the cytoskeleton thousands of ribosomes invaginations of the plasma membrane

the cytoskeleton

Bacterial sporulation can be defined as ____. Multiple choice question. converting an endospore to a vegetative cell the generation of an endospore conjugation the generation of hyphae that fuse to form spores

the generation of an endospore

Gram-negative bacteria typically stain pink because ___. Multiple choice question. the peptidoglycan layer is thinner of the presence of lipopolysaccharide of the unique charge of the gram-negative cell membrane of the unique charge of the gram-negative cell wall

the peptidoglycan layer is thinner

To rotate the flagellum, protons move across the plasma membrane through channels composed of Multiple choice question. the flagellum hook protein phospholipids the rotor proteins the stator proteins

the stator proteins

Macromolecular crowding refers to Multiple choice question. the confinement of the bacterial chromosome in the nucleoid the density of membrane proteins rendering the membrane less fluid the viscosity and high concentration of cytoplasmic macromolecules the organization of the cytoplasm by the cytoskeleton

the viscosity and high concentration of cytoplasmic macromolecules

A flagellum filament grows in length by adding flagellin subunits _____. Multiple choice question. to the base, near the hook to the tip, by the filament cap randomly within the filament

to the tip, by the filament cap

The process of protein synthesis on the ribosome is called ____. Multiple choice question. conjugation translation transcription transduction

translation

Select all that apply Which three of the following types of proteins are found in the periplasmic space of gram-negative bacteria? Multiple select question. transport proteins energy conservation proteins integral membrane proteins exoenzymes enzymes that synthesize peptidoglycan porin proteins

transport proteins energy conservation proteins enzymes that synthesize peptidoglycan

Select all that apply Which three of the following types of proteins are found in the periplasmic space of gram-negative bacteria? porin proteins transport proteins enzymes that synthesize peptidoglycan exoenzymes energy conservation proteins integral membrane proteins

transport proteins enzymes that synthesize peptidoglycan energy conservation proteins

True or false: Generally, lipopolysaccharides are found only in gram-negative bacteria. True false question. True False

true

When a swimming bacterium changes direction, it will ____. Multiple choice question. flip toss run tumble

tumble

Endospores have ___ membranes surrounding the core. Multiple choice question. no one two

two

Lipid A of LPS is composed of ____. Multiple choice question. two alanine amino acid derivatives two glucosamine sugar derivatives repeats of NAG and NAM glycine crossbridge

two glucosamine sugar derivatives

Bacterial twitching motility requires ____. Multiple choice question. type IV pili pseudopodia cilia flagella

type IV pili

During endospore germination, enzymes in the core become active when Multiple choice question. SASPs are released from the chromosome water enters the cell to rehydrate the components peptidoglycan in the cortex is broken down calcium dipicolinate is released from the chromosome

water enters the cell to rehydrate the components

Capsules are typically ____. Multiple choice question. well organized yellow in color loosely organized

well organized

Capsules are typically ____. Multiple choice question. yellow in color loosely organized well organized

well organized

Spirochetes that exhibit corkscrew motility have their flagella _____. Multiple choice question. whip back and forth to "wiggle" the bacterium within the periplasmic space anchored at both ends of the cell so both sides spin in opposite directions evenly dispersed across the cell membrane (peritrichous)

within the periplasmic space

In gram-negative bacteria, the periplasmic space may constitute about ____ of the total cell volume. Multiple choice question. 100% 10% 20 to 40% 80%

20 to 40%

In gram-negative bacteria, the periplasmic space is ____ wide. Multiple choice question. 30 to 70 μm 30 to 70 nm 30 to 70 mm 30 to 70 cm

30 to 70 nm

Substances of approximately ____ or smaller can pass through porin proteins in the outer membrane. Multiple choice question. 600 daltons 1 dalton 100 daltons 10 daltons

600 daltons

A strand of peptidoglycan subunits is formed by Multiple choice question. Inserting stem peptides between NAM chains and NAG chains linking NAM and NAG molecules alternately in long chains crosslinking stem peptides crosslinking NAM chains with NAG chains

linking NAM and NAG molecules alternately in long chains crosslinking stem peptides

Bacterial cells that are variable in shape and lack a single characteristic form are called ____________ in shape.

pleomorphic

A repeating strand of glycerol (or ribitol) and phosphate groups is called _______ acid.

teichoic

The smaller the cell, _______. Multiple choice question. the lower the surface area by ratio the more volume (cytosol) it contains the greater the surface area by ratio

the greater the surface area by ratio

Gram-positive bacteria typically stain purple because ___. Multiple choice question. of the unique charge of the gram-positive cell wall of teichoic acids the peptidoglycan layer is thicker of the unique charge of the gram-positive cell membrane

the peptidoglycan layer is thicker

In Gram-negative bacteria, enzymes that synthesize peptidoglycan are found in Multiple choice question. the periplasmic space the plasma membrane the outer membrane the cytoplasm

the periplasmic space

In Gram-negative bacteria, enzymes that synthesize peptidoglycan are found in Multiple choice question. the plasma membrane the periplasmic space the outer membrane the cytoplasm

the periplasmic space

A bacterial cell envelope is ____. Multiple choice question. all surface layers external to the cell wall the plasma membrane and all surface layers external to it capsules or slime layers the plasma membrane and cell wall

the plasma membrane and all surface layers external to it

The cell wall peptidoglycan layer of gram-negative bacteria is considerably ____ than that of gram-positive bacteria. Multiple choice question. thinner more rigid thicker stronger

thinner

In peptidoglycan, the short peptide is attached to the structure Multiple choice question. between each NAM and NAG through NAM at the end of a strand through NAG

through NAM

The TonB complex in the outer membrane functions to Multiple choice question. generate the proton motive force anchor the lipopolysaccharide to the membrane transport periplasmic molecules to the cytoplasm transport molecules too large to pass through porins

transport molecules too large to pass through porins

Which of the following bacterial shapes can be described as 1 μm wide and 2-6 μm long? Multiple choice question. Pleomorphic Spiral Bacillus Coccus

Bacillus

The ___________ ___________component of LPS can act as a toxin to people infected with gram-negative bacteria.

Lipid A

Which term describes long chains of cells found in cyanobacteria? Multiple choice question. Bacilli Mycelia Spirochete Filamentous

Filamentous

Which of the following compounds is well known to protect gram-negative bacteria from environmental toxic substances? Multiple choice question. Teichoic acids LPS Braun's lipoprotein Fimbriae

LPS

Which of the following has the thinner cell wall layer? Multiple choice question. Gram-negative bacteria Gram-positive bacteria

Gram-negative bacteria

Which of the following seems a reasonable strategy for a large cell to deal with surface area to volume ratio problems? Multiple choice question. Have a highly convoluted cell membrane Increased motility Rely on photosynthesis pathways Have a much thinner cell wall

Have a highly convoluted cell membrane

Select all that apply Which two of the following are the sugar monomers found in peptidoglycan? Multiple select question. N-acetylmannose N-acetylgalactose N-acetylglucosamine N-acetylmuramic acid Glucose Sucrose

N-acetylglucosamine N-acetylmuramic acid

Which three of the following are characteristics of teichoic acids? Multiple select question. Negatively charged Found in gram-negatives Can be bound to lipids Can be bound to peptidoglycan Can aid motility

Negatively charged Can be bound to lipids Can be bound to peptidoglycan

Lipopolysaccharides are composed of lipid A, core-polysaccharide and the _____ antigen.

O

Which component of LPS generates an antibody response in gram-negative bacterial infections? Multiple choice question. Lipid A O antigen Core polysaccharide

O antigen

The bacterial shape known as bacillus is different from coccus because bacillus is __________. Multiple choice question. motile smaller larger a spherical shape a rod shape

a rod shape

Which two of the following are differences between spirochetes and spirilla? Multiple select question. Spirochetes have a unique internal flagella arrangement, spirilla have one or more flagella at one or both the ends. Spirochetes are more flexible, spiral shaped structures, spirilla are more rigid spiral shaped structures. Spirochetes have one or more flagella at one or both the ends, spirilla have a unique internal flagellar arrangement. Spirochetes are more rigid spiral shaped structures, spirilla are more flexible, spiral shaped structures.

Spirochetes have a unique internal flagella arrangement, spirilla have one or more flagella at one or both the ends. Spirochetes are more flexible, spiral shaped structures, spirilla are more rigid spiral shaped structures.

Which genus gets its name due to the cellular arrangement of spherical cells found in clusters, like a bunch of grapes? Multiple choice question. Staphylococcus Streptococcus Pallisades Diplococcus

Staphylococcus

Which of the following determines cellular size in bacteria? Multiple choice question. Cell membrane lipids Cell wall structure Glucose metabolism Surface area to volume ratio

Surface area to volume ratio

The bacterium E. fishelsoni is one of the largest bacteria known and it also happens to have a highly convoluted cell membrane. Which of the following is a reasonable hypothesis for this structure? Multiple choice question. To deal with motility problems of being large. To deal with surface area to volume ratio problems of being large. To deal with phagocytosis problems of being large. To deal with cell division problems of being large.

To deal with surface area to volume ratio problems of being large.

What is the role of porin proteins? Multiple choice question. To provide a mode of sexual reproduction for the cell. To facilitate the transport of compounds like glucose across the outer membrane. To facilitate the formation of endospores. To facilitate the movement of the cell through the environment.

To facilitate the transport of compounds like glucose across the outer membrane.

As a cell gets larger, which feature increases the most? Multiple choice question. Volume Surface area

Volume

Which of the following describes the average size of a rod-shaped bacterium like Escherichia coli? Multiple choice question. about 1 μm wide and 2-6 μm long about 1 pm wide and 2-6 pm long about 1 cm wide and 2-6 cm long about 1 nm wide and 2-6 nm long

about 1 μm wide and 2-6 μm long

Teichoic acids are common among ___. Multiple choice question. gram-positive bacteria eukaryotic microbes gram-negative bacteria pathogenic bacteria

gram-positive bacteria

Teichoic acids anchor the _____ to the plasma membrane Multiple choice question. capsule periplasm carbohydrates peptidoglycan

peptidoglycan

The bacterial cell wall is composed of a complex of sugars and amino acids that is referred to as the ____ layer. Multiple choice question. polysaccharide outer membrane peptidoglycan periplasmic slime

peptidoglycan

The bacterial cell wall is composed of a complex of sugars and amino acids that is referred to as the ____ layer. Multiple choice question. slime periplasmic peptidoglycan polysaccharide outer membrane

peptidoglycan

Select all that apply Which two of the following statements regarding the amino acid component of peptidoglycan are false? Multiple select question. The amino acids are attached to each NAG in peptidoglycan. The amino acids in peptidoglycan are all the L isomer. Some of the amino acids are found only in peptidoglycan, not in proteins. The amino acids form a short peptide called the stem peptide.

The amino acids are attached to each NAG in peptidoglycan. The amino acids in peptidoglycan are all the L isomer.

Select all that apply If gram-stained correctly, a bacterial cell should appear either ___ or ___. Multiple select question. purple pink green black brown yellow

pink or purple