Ch 37 & 38 NUR212
The nurse is creating a discharge teaching plan for a client with a latex allergy. Which info should be included?
-Avoidance of latex-based products -Admin of antihistamines -Admin of emergency epinephrine (EpiPen)
Which type of hypersensitivity occurs when the system mistakenly identifies a normal constituent of the body as foreign?
Cytotoxic
which is a primary chemical mediator of hypersensitivity?
Histamine
atopic and nonatopic allergic disorders are
IgE-mediated allergic reactions
which acts as potent vasoconstrictor and causes bronchial smooth muscle to contract?
Serotonin
Which test indicates the quantity of allergen necessary to evoke an allergic reaction?
Serum-specific IgE test -formerly known as RAST, is a radioimmunoassay that measures allergen specific IgE
Atopic allergic disorders are characterized by
a hereditary predisposition -and production of a local reaction to IgE antibodies produced in response to common environmental allergens
the nurse observes diffuse swelling involving the deeper skin layers in a client who has experienced an allergic reaction. The nurse would correctly document this finding as
angioneurotic edema -may appear normal but often has a reddish hue & does not pit.
Secondary mediators include
serotonin, heparin, and bradykinin
Which term refers to an incomplete antigen?
Hapten
The scratch test does
NOT indicate the quantity of allergen
Which intervention is the single most important aspect for the client at risk for anaphylaxis?
Prevention
Which statement describes the clinical manifestation of a delayed hypersensitivity (type IV) allergic reaction to latex?
They are localized to the area of exposure, usually the back of the hands.
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves immune complexes forming when antigens bind to antibodies?
Type III -associated with SLE, RA, serum sickness, certain types of nephritis, and some types of bacterial endocarditis.
The best treatment for latex allergy is
avoidance of latex-based products -antihistamines & emergency kit containing an EpiPen should still be given to them
Which cells present the antigen to T cells and initiate the immune response?
macrophages
The nurse is conducting discharge teaching for a client who is being discharged from the emergency department after an anaphylactic reaction to peanuts. Which education should the nurse include in the teaching?
-Avoiding allergens -Wearing a medical alert bracelet
The maximum intensity of histamine occurs within what time frame after contact with an antigen?
5 to 10 minutes -Histamine's effects peak 5 to 10 minutes after antigen contact
Which body substance causes increased gastric secretion, dilation of capillaries, and constriction of the bronchial smooth muscle?
Histamine -When cells are damaged, histamine is released
Provocative testing involves
the direct administration of the suspected allergen to the sensitive tissue such as the conjunctiva.
The nurse teaches the client with allergies about anaphylaxis, including which statement?
the most common cause of anaphylaxis is penicillin
Which group of mediators initiates the inflammatory response?
Leukotrienes
