CH. 5: Infection Control (Foundations)
Fumes from chemical applications and nail care products require sophisticated ___________________.
Filtration systems
What is the main way HIV is spread from one person to another?
From person to person through blood, less often through other body fluids.
_____________ are single-use personal protective equipment.
Gloves
Parasites
Head lice is an example of these and is responsible for pediculosis capititis, among other diseases.
HSV
Herpes Simplex Virus
MRSA
Highly resistant to conventional treatments such as antibiotics.
HPV
Human papilloma virus
Contact with an intermediate object.
Indirect
Doorknobs, phones, work surfaces, work implements.
Indirect
MRSA
Initially appears as a skin infection that can be difficult to cure and becomes systemic without proper care.
______________, ________________ or touching is the most common way communicable diseases are spread.
Kissing, coughing
Which personal style can present a safety hazard?
Long, loose hair
Where do bacteria multiply best?
Moist, dark, warm conditions
Viruses
Most often spread through contact with blood or other body fluids.
Bacteria
Multiply best in warm, dark, damp, or dirty places.
What is a microscopic germ that normally exist in tap water in small numbers?
Mycobacterium
___________________ has been linked in recent years to disfiguring infections associated particularly with pedicure bowls.
Mycobacterium
Name 2 types of immunity and how they form.
Natural immunity - partially inherited and partially developed through healthy living; Acquired immunity - developed after overcoming disease, vaccinations, exposure to natural allergens
Which is true regarding services that can be performed if a client has an open would or abrasion?
No services can be performed.
What is meant by the term "asymptomatic"?
No signs or symptoms of infection are shown, despite having an illness or being a viral carrier.
Germs
Nonscientific synonym for disease-producing organisms.
What are germs?
Nonscientific term for a microorganism that potentially cause disease.
How would you define an infection that is asymptomatic?
Not showing signs of symptoms or illness.
Define bioburden?
Number of bacteria living on surface that has not been sterilized.
Which standards address issues relating to your right to know about any potentially hazardous ingredients contained in the products and how to avoid these hazards?
OSHA standards
What does the acronym OSHA stand for?
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
What is a parasite?
Organism that grow, feed and shelter on or inside another organism (referred to as a host), contributing nothing to the survival of that organism.
What happens when a systemic infection occurs?
Pathogens distribute throughout body.
What is PPE?
Personal Protective Equipment
What is an example of a local infection?
Pimples, abscess (pus)
What does aseptic procedures relate to?
Proper handling of sterilized material.
Staphylococci
Pus-forming bacteria, grows in clusters; causes abscesses, pustules and boils.
What does QUATS stand for?
Quaternary ammonium compounds - effective on non-porous surfaces
Federal and state agencies regulate the beauty and wellness professions. State agencies ______________________.
Regulate licensing
Biofilms
Resist antiseptics, antimicrobials, and disinfection through a sticky matrix substance.
If a professional wears jewelry when working, which is a rule that should be followed?
Rings should not be worn on the index or middle fingers.
Fungi
Ringworm is one example, afflicting the skin with circular lesions.
What is the difference between a rule and a law?
Rules are specific standards of conduct, laws are statutes written by FEDS and states for regulatory agencies.
Where do you find information about possible hazards and safe use of products?
SDS (Safety Data Sheets)
Disinfection is a higher level of ___________________ that is ____________ only to _______________________.
Sanitation; 2nd; sterilization
Parasites
Scabies is a skin condition caused by the itch mite, one example of these.
Fungi
Single-celled organisms that grow in irregular masses and include molds, mildews, and yeasts.
What is the scientific name for bleach?
Sodium hypochlorite
HIV
Spread from person to person through blood and, less often, through other bodily fluids.
_______________ precautions were introduced in _________________ to replace _______________ ____________________.
Standard; OSHA; universal precautions
Bacteria
Staphylococci are among the most common examples of these that affect humans.
___________________ is the process that destroys all microbial life, including spores.
Sterilization
What is staphylococci responsible for?
TSS and food poisoning
The act of OSHA of 1970 established what rule?
The William Steiger Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970.
Contamination
The presence, or the reasonably anticipated presence, of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item's surface, or visible debris or residues such as dust, hair, and skin.
What is sterilization?
The process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores
What are Phenols and what materials might they damage?
Tuberculocidal disinfectants that could damage rubber and plastic
What is one of the most important actions you can take to prevent spreading germs from one person to another?
Using proper hand washing
Toxins
Various poisonous substances produced by some microorganisms (bacteria or viruses).
After informing the client that you have either injured yourself or inadvertently injured them and apologized, what is the next step in an exposure incident?
Wash the injury with soap and rinse under running water.
Effective sterilization typically requires the use of a(n) ______________________.
autoclave
What is the most common type of bacteria?
bacilli
Which of the following are single-celled microorganisms that have both plant and animal characteristics?
bacteria
Disinfection is not effective against ___________________.
bacterial spores
What is disinfection not effective against?
bacterial spores
Which of the following keep the body in a chronic inflammatory state that is painful and inhibits healing?
biofilms
The vast majority of contaminants and pathogens can be removed from the surfaces of tools and implements through proper ____________________.
cleaning
What should you never mix with bleach?
detergents
What term refers to an abnormal condition of all or part of the body that makes it incapable of carrying on normal function?
disease
Which of the following are chemical products that destroy most bacteria, fungi, and viruses on surfaces?
disinfectants
What type of incident is contact with nonintact skin, blood, body fluid, or potentially infectious materials that is the result of the performance of a worker's duties?
exposure
Staph bacteria are responsible for _____________________.
food poisoning
When performing a service on a child, you should __________________.
hold the child gently but firmly with on hand, and work with the other
Viruses can replicate with the presence of a ______________ ______________.
host cell
What are disinfectants when present in oil, lotions, creams, and dust?
inactive
What are scabies?
itch mites
What type of fungus affects plants or grows on inanimate objects but does NOT cause human infections in the salon?
mildew
A disinfectant that is fungicidal is capable of destroying ____________________.
molds
Which bacteria helps to break down food, protect against infection and does not cause disease?
nonpathogenic
As a precaution, you should always test the water temperature __________________ before applying to a client's hair or scalp.
on the inside of your wrist
What type of bacteria are harmful microorganisms that can cause disease or infection in humans when they invade the body?
pathogenic
What type of bacteria may produce disease?
pathogenic
What are two primary categories of bacteria?
pathogenic and nonpathogenic
Disinfectants are ________________ and can be harmful if absorbed through the skin.
pesticides
Which of the following are a form of formaldehyde, have a very high pH, and can damage the skin and eyes?
phenolic disinfectants
As a beauty professional, you should be aware of your environment so that you can eliminate __________________.
potential hazards
As a beauty professional, you should be aware of your environment so that you can eliminate __________________________.
potential hazards
Federal and state agencies regulate the beauty and wellness professions. State agencies ___________________.
regulate licensing
Should you accidentally cut a client, your first action should be to _________________.
stop the service immediately
Standard Precautions apply to all body fluids except what?
sweat
What type of infection occurs when the pathogen has distributed itself throughout the body, rather than staying in one area or organ?
systemic
Which of the following is capable of replication only through taking over the host cell's reproductive function?
viruses
All electrical appliances and tools should be stored safely when in proximity to ___________________.
water
What type of bacteria is harmless?
yeast - nonpathogenic
When should implements be removed from the work area and disinfected after an exposure incident has occurred?
After disposing of all single-use contaminated objects and disposable sharps.
Coughing, sneezing, and talking.
Airborne/Respiratory Droplet
What does the 1970 act require?
An examination of the workplace and tools.
What is OSHA's main function?
Assure safety and health of workers at the workplace.
What system requires personal protective equipment to be worn even if blood is not visible?
Body Substance Isolation
Standard Precautions are guidelines published by the _______________ requiring employers and employees to assume that any human blood of bodily fluids are potentially infectious.
CDC
HIV
Causes AIDS
What are the steps necessary to ensure you are using disinfectant properly?
Check efficacy - read label and product mixing info
What is disinfection?
Chemical or physical process that uses specific products to destroy harmful organisms (except bacterial spores) on environmental surfaces.
What are disinfectants?
Chemical products approved by the EPA designed to destroy most bacteria (excluding spores), fungi and viruses on surfaces.
Can involve the use of an ultrasonic unit.
Cleaning
Lowest level of decontamination.
Cleaning
Significantly reduces pathogens on a surface.
Cleaning
Biofilms
Colonies of microorganisms that adhere to environmental surfaces, as well as the human body.
Diagnosis
Determination of the nature of a disease from its symptoms and/or diagnostic tests.
Shaking hands without washing afterward.
Direct
Spreads MRSA and warts.
Direct
AIDS
Disease that breaks down the body's immune system.
Destroys most bacteria and some viruses.
Disinfecting
Requires the use of safety glasses and gloves.
Disinfecting
Second only to sterilization.
Disinfecting
Describe the process of binary fission?
Division of a single entity into 2 or more parts.
What agency registers all types of disinfectants sold and used in the United States?
EPA
What 3 qualities must disinfectants use in salon/spa facilities have?
EPA; efficacy claim; label for specific organism effectiveness
Which client is not considered "high risk"?
Elderly clients
What does EPA stand for and what services do they provide?
Environmental Protection Agency - regulates and approves disinfectants
Define immunity.
Ability for an organism to resist infection.
Define efficacy.
Ability of a product to produce the intended effect - indicated on a disinfectant label.
AIDS
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
What is the maximum temperature that the water heater should be set at so as not to scald?
130F
How many levels of burns are there?
4
What should be the strength of a bleach solution use for disinfecting implements that have come in contact with blood?
9 parts H2O to 1 part bleach = 10% solution
Inflammation
A condition in which the tissue of the body reacts to injury, irritation, or infection.
What are viruses?
A parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in cells of biological organisms.
What is a virus?
A parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in the cells of a biological organism.
Viruses
A submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in the cells of a biological organism.
What does HIV cause?
AIDS - kills white blood cells
