Kin 2500 Chapter 14

microcirculation

- Final destination of the cardiovascular system - The flow of blood from a metarteriole through capillaries and into a postcapillary venule (venule that receives blood from a capillary)

Capillaries

- These tiny blood vessels have thin walls. Oxygen and nutrients from the blood can move through the walls and get into organs and tissues. -The capillaries also take waste products away from your tissues. Capillaries are where oxygen and nutrients are exchanged for carbon dioxide and waste.

Cephalic veins

- Veins on the outer sides of the arms. - The integument and superficial muscles of the medial aspect of the upper limb are drained directly.

superior phrenic arteries

- the artery is a small paired artery that arises from the anterior aspect of the lower part of the thoracic aorta, just before it passes through the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm. - supplies the posterior part of the superior surface of the diaphragm.

The union of branches of two or more arteries supplying the same region is called

Anastomosis Most tissues of the body receive blood from more than one artery. The union of the branches of two or more arteries supplying the same body region is called an anastomosis. Anastomoses between arteries provide alternative routes for blood to reach a tissue or organ.

Arteries

Arteries - carry blood away from the heart to other organs - Large, elastic arteries leave the heart and divide into medium, muscular arteries - Medium-sized arteries then divide into small arteries, which turn into smaller arteries called arterioles - As arterioles enter a tissue, they branch into tiny vessels called capillaries - A capillary's thin walls allow the exchange of substances between the blood and body tissues

Arterioles

Arterioles are small pores known as blood vessels in the arterial side of the vascular tree that is located proximal to the capillaries and, in conjunction with the terminal arteries, provide the majority of resistance to blood flow.

The blood vessels include:

Blood vessels include veins, arteries and capillaries.

How is oxygenated blood ejected into systemic circulation? Select answer from the options below - Correct!

Contractions of the left ventricle then eject the oxygenated blood into the systemic circulation.

hepatic portal circulation

Drains nutrient-rich blood from digestive organs Delivers it to the liver for processing

Name the structures of the blood vessels

Each artery is a muscular tube lined by smooth tissue and has three layers: - The Tunica interna, the inner layer lined smooth tissue called the endothelium. - Tunica media, a layer of muscle that lets arteries handle the high pressures from the heart. - Tunica externa connective tissue anchoring arteries to nearby tissues -

Sequence of blood vessels from leaving the heart to returning

Elastic arteries, muscular arteries, arterioles, capillaries, post-capillary venules, muscular venules, veins

Groin is known as

Femoral artery

In cardiac catheterization, a catheter is inserted into which of the following vessels to reach the left side of the heart?

Femoral artery

mediastinal arteries

It extends superoinferiorly from the superior thoracic aperture to the diaphragm, anteroposteriorly from the sternum to the bodies of thoracic vertebrae, and laterally from the mediastinal pleura of the adjacent pleural cavities.

Swelling(Fluid retention) in the body

Pressure on vena cava

After birth, the only artery to carry deoxygenated blood in the body is the right and left _______________

Pulmonary Arteries

Vertebral artery

Run through the spinal column in the neck to provide blood to the brain and spine.

inferior mesenteric artery

Supplies arterial blood to the large intestine.

All veins of systemic circulation transport blood to ______ of the heart.

Systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle, through the arteries, to the capillaries in the tissues of the body. From the tissue capillaries, the deoxygenated blood returns through a system of veins to the right atrium of the heart.

Ascending aorta

The ascending aorta is the first part of the aorta, which is the largest blood vessel in your body. - Supplies blood to the heart

The pulmonary vein exits from where?

The lungs

Axillary artery

The thoracic, shoulder, and muscles of the scapula and humerus receive blood directly.

Ulnar artery

The ulnar artery is one of the two main arteries in your forearms. It starts just below your elbow and extends along the pinky side of your arm.

Sequence of layers from outside to inside of most blood vessels

Tunica externa, tunica media, tunica intima.

Veins

Veins - blood vessels that bring blood from the tissue back to the heart - Groups of capillaries within a tissue reunite to form venules - Venules merge to form larger blood vessels called veins

Pulmonary Arteries

Your pulmonary arteries carry blood from your heart to your lungs. They're the only arteries in your body that carry oxygen-poor (deoxygenated) blood.

Celiac trunk(Celiac artery)

a short vessel that arises from the aorta and passes below the median arcuate ligament, just as the aorta enters the abdomen at the level of the T12 vertebra.

The posterior intercostal arteries are

arteries that supply blood to the intercostal spaces

Sequence of blood vessels from left ventricle to the left popliteal

ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, left common iliac artery, left external iliac artery, left femoral artery, left popliteal artery.

sequence of blood vessels from left ventricle to the left kidney

ascending aorta, aortic arch, thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, left renal artery

subcostal arteries

bilateral small arteries that arise from the distal descending thoracic aorta and course beneath the 12th rib.

systemic circulation

carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle, through the arteries, to the capillaries in the tissues of the body. The inferior vena cava, the superior vena cava, and coronary sinus are involved.

When blood is in the left pulmonary artery, it is

deoxygenated

Sequence of blood vessels from the cranial dura matter to the right atrium

dural venous sinuses, internal jugular vein, brachiocephalic vein, inferior vena cava.

Vein of the lower limb is clinically significant in using for artery bypass grafting

great saphenous vein

All blood from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower limbs arrive in the heart via the

inferior vena cava

superior mesenteric artery

large abdominal artery; feed large and small intestine. Directly supplies all organs of the gastrointestinal tract from the duodenum to the transverse colon.

Basilic vein

large vein on the inner side of the upper arm. Runs from the palm of the hand and up your arm on the side of the ulna

Brachial artery

major blood vessel supplying blood to your upper arm, elbow, forearm and hand.

Renal arteries

renal arteries carry a large volume of blood from the heart to the kidneys.

The pulmonary trunk divides into what?

right and left pulmonary arteries

Elastic fibers

structural and mechanical role in the arteries and their essential function is to provide elasticity and resilience to the tissues(provide compliance).

All blood from the head, neck, upper limbs, and thoracic arrive in the heart via the

superior vena cava

Thoracic aorta

supplies blood to the head, neck, upper extremities, and esophagus.

Coronary circulation

the circulation of blood in the arteries and veins that supply the heart muscle

internal elastic lamina

the connective tissue forming the outermost part of the tunica interna. It is a thin sheet of elastic fibers with openings between the tunica interna and tunica media. The endothelium is the innermost part of the tunica interna, with the basement membrane located between its epithelial tissue and the connective tissue. The external elastic lamina is part of the connective tissue part of the tunica media.

tunica interna (intima)

the innermost layer of a blood vessel; simple squamous epithelium.

Cerebral circulation

the movement of blood through a network of cerebral arteries and veins supplying the brain.

Elastic arteries

those nearest the heart (aorta and pulmonary arteries) that contain much more elastic tissue in the tunica media than muscular arteries.