Ch. 5 LearnSmart

stratified

A ______ epithelium contains two or more layers of epithelial cells.

stratified

A ______ epithelium is found in areas likely to be subjected to abrasive activities and mechanical stree.

acini and at least one duct

A multicellular exocrine gland consists of _____.

Lateral surface

Epithelial surface that has intercellular connections

apical surface

Epithelial surface that is exposed to surface or lumen

Basal surface

Epithelial surface where epithelium is attached to an underlying connective tissue

simple cuboidal

Epithelium: one layer of cells that are about as high as they are wide

white

Leukocytes are commonly called _____ blood cells.

loose, dense

The two categories of connective tissue proper are ______ conn. tiss. and _____ conn. tiss.

-presence of intercalated discs -striated -cells are often bifurcate

What are three characteristics of cardiac muscle tissue? -presence of intercalated discs -striated -found in the walls of most viscera -voluntary -cells are often bifurcate

Mucous

What type of membrane lines body passageways that eventually open to the external environment?

adipose tissue

Which is an example of connective tissue proper? -blood -bone -adipose tissue -hyaline cartilage

simple epithelium

Which is found in areas where stress is minimal and where filtration, absorption, or secretion is the primary function?

Hyaline

Which is the most common type of cartilage, and also the weakest

Glial cells

Which of the following cell types in nervous tissue functions in support and protection?

glial cells

Which of the following cell types in nervous tissue functions in support and protection?

it is voluntary it is striated it is multinucleated

Which statements characterize skeletal muscle tissue?

keratinized stratified squamous

type of epithelium?

basement membrane

A thin extracellular layer upon which an epithelium rests is called a(n) _______.

organ

A(n) _____ is a structure composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform a specific task.

Merocrine

A(n) _______ gland is a type of exocrine gland that packages its secretions into secretory vesicles.

zygote

A(n) _______ is formed when a sperm fertilizes an oocyte.

Elastic cartilage; chondrocytes, elastic

A: cells called ____? B: ______ fibers

erythrocytes, platelets

A=? B=?

In the wall of the heart

Cardiac muscle tissue is located _____.

Chondrocytes

Cells of cartilage are called ________.

wandering cells

Cells that move throughout connective tissues and are involved in immune protection are _____.

-walls of blood vessels -walls of stomach -walls of urinary bladder

Choose all that are locations of smooth muscle tissue -walls of blood vessels -walls of stomach -walls of urinary bladder -wall of heart -attached to bones

protein fibers, cells, and ground substance

Connective tissue, although diverse, share the following basic components ____, _____, and ______.

the dermis of skin

Dense irregular connective tissue is found in _____

the dermis of skin

Dense irregular connective tissue is found in ______.

simple squamous

Epithelium: one layer of flat, wide irregular shaped cells

simple columnar, ciliated

Epithelium: one layer of tall, narrow cells that can move objects alone their apical surface

simple columnar, noncilliated

Epithelium: one layer of tall, narrow cells that often contain microvilli

Sebaceous

Example of a holocrine gland?

platelets

Formed element that functions in blood clotting

Leukocytes

Formed element that is a function in immunity

erythrocytes

Formed element that transports O2 and CO2 between lungs and body tissues

epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

Four primary types of tissues found in the human body

connective

Function: Tissue that protects, binds together, and supports organs

nervous

Function: tissue that controls activities, processes information

epithelial

Function: tissue that covers surfaces and lines body cavities and organs

muscle

Function: tissue that facilitates movement

-contraction of the heart -voluntary movements of body parts -propulsion of materials through digestive tract

Functions of muscle tissue include ______. -contraction of the heart -voluntary movements of body parts -production of blood cells -propulsion of materials through digestive tract -filtering of blood to remove waste products

voluntary movement of body parts contraction of heart propulsion of materials through digestive tract

Functions of muscle tissue include: ______

- nose -fetal skeleton -ends of long bones -costal cartilages

Hyaline cartilage is located _____. - nose -epiglottis -fetal skeleton -ends of long bones -costal cartilages

Muscular contraction

Identify which option is NOT a function of epithelial tissues -secretion of hormones -controlling permeability -muscular contraction -physical protection of organs

acinar

If the secretory portion of a gland forms an expanded sac, the gland is called ________

dense regular

In _____ ______ connective tissue, collagen fibers are packed tightly and aligned parallel to an applied force.

dense irregular

In _______ _______ connective tissue, individual bundles of collagen fibers extend in all directions in a scattered meshwork.

adipose tissue; adipocyte

In the connective tissue shown here, letter A is _______

Leukocyte

In the figure the letter A and B are indicating what type of cell?

as the epidermis of skin

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue is located ______.

cilia, simple

Letter A indicates ______ and letter B indicates _____ columnar epithelium

Hemotopoetic

Many areas of spongy bone contain ______ cells, which are responsible for producing new blood cells

histamine

Mast cells release heparin and ______ to stimulate local inflammation.

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

Multicellular tissue with the superficial cells cuboidal in shape which form the walls of the ducts of glands

a: apical surface b: lateral surface c: basal surface

Name the surfaces of epithelium

mucous and serous

Of the four types of the body membranes, the two principal types of internal membranes are ______ and _____ membranes.

connective tissue

Primary type of tissue?

erythrocytes

Red blood cells are called _______.

acini

Sacs that produce secretions of multicellular exocrine glands are _________.

-kidney tubules -ducts of most glands

Select all that contain simple cuboidal epithelium -kidney tubules -lining of digestive tract -ducts of most glands -lumen of blood vessels (endothelium)

parietal, visceral

Serous membranes are composed of two parts: a ______ layer that lines the body cavity and a ______ layer that covers organs.

lining of uterine tubes

Simple ciliated columnar epithelium is located ____________

attached to bone

Skeletal muscle tissue if found _____.

True

T/F An organ is a structure composed of multiple types of tissues that must work together to accomplish a complex task.

True

T/F Areolar connective tissue is found nearly everywhere in the body

True

T/F Epithelium acts as "gate keepers" to control the movement of substances into the body

True

T/F Ground substance is produced by connective tissue cells

True

T/F Most connective tissue cells are not in direct contact with each other.

False: mesenchyme is the first to appear

T/F Mucous connective tissue is the first type to emerge in the developing embryo

True

T/F There are a larger number of glial cells than neurons

True

T/F Tissues are groups of similar cells that carry out a common function

dense regular

Tendons and ligaments are made of _______ _______ connective tissue

dense regular

Tendons and ligaments are made of ________ ______ connective tissue

cutaneous

The ______ membrane is commonly called skin.

Keratinized stratified squamous

The apical cells of this type of epithelium are dead, lack nuclei, and are filled with tough, protective keratin.

- contains keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue -is relatively dry compared to other membranes in the body

The cutaneous membrane ________. - contains keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue -is relatively dry compared to other membranes in the body -lines the inner surface of the intestines -secretes serous fluid -lines joints of the skeletal system

Tendon

The function of a _____ is to attach a muscle to a bone

Dense irregular

The function of this connective tissue labeled A is to withstand stress applied in all directions and is extremely durable

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

The lining of the larynx consists of what type of epithelial tissue?

axon

The long nerve cell process that extends from the cell which carries outgoing signals to other cells is called a(n) _______

atrophy

The opposite of hypertrophy is called _______.

Mesoderm

The primary germ layer that will give rise to the lining of the blood vessels is the _________.

endothelium

The simple squamous epithelium that lines blood and lymphatic vessels is called a(n) _______.

epidermis and dermis

The skin is composed of 2 main layers. ??

Histology

The study of tissues and their relationships to organs is called ______.

histology

The study of tissues and their relationships within organs is called _____.

Elastic

The type of cartilage shown here is _____ cartilage.

bone

The type of connective tissue characterized by osteons with lacunae that is functionally used to support and protect other tissue in the body is _____ tissue.

Areolar

The type of connective tissue shown here is found nearly everywhere in the body. It is also a major component of the subcutaneous layer of the skin. It is called ______ connective tissue.

Adipose

These connective tissue cells are closely packed together and have nuclei squeezed to one side by the material it stores

Plasma cells

These connective tissue cells form antibodies that bind to foreign substances, bacteria, and viruses

plasma cells

These connective tissue cells form antibodies that bind to foreign substances, bacteria, and viruses.

nonciliated simple columnar epithelium

These epithelial cells form a single layer of tall, narrow cells whose apical membranes may have microvilli for increased absorption and secretion.

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

This type of epithelium has live cells all the way to its apical surface as evidenced by the nuclei that are present in their flattened cells

Transitional

This type of epithelium is found in the urinary system and the shape changes depending on the state (relaxed or contracted)

ciliated simple columnar epithelium

This type of epithelium is known for its ability to move structures like the oocyte in a uterine tube or small particles in the bronchioles of the lung.

Exocrine

This type of gland has a duct and carries its secretions to the surface of the body or the lumen of an organ

skeletal

This type of muscle is striated and voluntary

- support of soft tissues -storage of calcium -protection of organs

Three functions of bone include - support of soft tissues -site of hormone synthesis -storage of calcium -permits stretching of some organs -protection of organs

skeletal, smooth, cardiac

Three types of muscle tissue?

microvilli

Tiny, cytoplasmic projections on the apical surface of a cell that increases the surface area of secretion and absorption are called ______.

lining the urinary bladder

Transitional epithelial tissue is located _______.

Hyaline

Type of cartilage shown

fixed macrophages

Type of connective tissue that has large cells that phagocytize damaged cells and pathogens

fibroblasts

Type of connective tissue that produces fibers and ground substance

Adipocytes

Type of connective tissue that stores lipids

reticular

Type of connective tissue?

simple branched tubular

Type of exocrine gland?

areolar

Type of loose connective tissue

areolar

Type of loose connective tissue shown?

skeletal muscle tissue

Type of muscle shown

smooth

Type of muscle?

simple squamous epithelium

Type of tissue

cardiac muscle

Type of tissue?

Transitional

What type of epithelium contains cells able to withstand a significant amount of stretch?

Holocrine

What type of gland secretes a mixture of cell fragments and the product the cells synthesized before its disintegrations?

-they are strong and flexible -they appear white in fresh tissues -they resist stretching

Which are characteristics of collagen fibers? -they are strong and flexible -they appear white in fresh tissues -they resist stretching -they are smaller than elastic fibers

-storage and transport -physical protection -binding and support of structures

Which are considered the functions of connective tissue? - cellular communication -storage and transport -secretion and sensation -physical protection -binding and support of structurescfty

- adipocytes -mesenchymal cells -fibroblasts

Which are example of resident cells of connective tissue proper? - mast cells -adipocytes -plasma cells -mesenchymal cells -fibroblasts

-mesenchymal cells -fibroblasts -adipocytes

Which are examples of resident cells of connective tissue proper? -mesenchymal cells -mast cells -fibroblasts -adipocytes -plasma cells

-protection of vital organs -carries out hemopoiesis -stores calcium and phosphorus -provides levers of movement

Which are the functions of bone? -protection of vital organs -carries out hemopoiesis -stores calcium and phosphorus -absorbs shock in some joints -provides levers of movement

reticular

Which connective tissue type forms the stroma of many lymphatic organs?

Elastic

Which connective tissue would you expect to find in the walls of the large arteries?

shape of cells at the apical surface and number of cells

Which criteria are used to classify epithelia?

Squamous

Which epithelial cells are flat, wide, and somewhat irregular in shape?

High regeneration capacity

Which explains the ability of epithelial tissues to repair themselves?

walls of large arteries

Which is a location of elastic connective tissue?

lining of the oral cavity

Which is a location of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue?

lining of trachea

Which is a location of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?

cartilage

Which is an example of a supporting connective tissue?

-secretions -sensations -physical protection -selective permeability

Which of the following are functions of epithelial tissue? -secretions -sensations -physical protection -storage and transport -selective permeability

-muscles atrophy -epithelia becomes thinner -bones become more brittle

Which of the following options are examples of tissue aging? -connective tissues become more pliant -muscles atrophy -epithelia becomes thinner -bones become more brittle

Goblet cells

Which of the following secretes mucin?

elastic

Which of the following type of protein fibers, found in connective tissue, allow body parts to stretch and appear wavy? reticular, elastic, or collagen

cardiac muscle

Which of the following types of muscle often bifurcates (branches) and its cells are connected by intercalated discs?

Visceral pleura

Which of the following would be found adhering to the surface of the lungs?

avascularity

Which option best explains why nutrients for epithelial cells are obtained by diffusion from underlying connective tissue?

-they perform secretory functions -they secrete mucus -they line the digestive tract

Which statements characterize mucous membranes? -they line visceral body cavities -they perform secretory functions -they secrete mucus -they line the digestive tract -they secrete serous fluid

- cells remain alive all the way to its apical surface -cells remain moist -it lines part of the anus -keratin is not present within cells

Which statements characterize nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue? - cells remain alive all the way to its apical surface -cells remain moist -apical cells are dry -it lines part of the anus -keratin is not present within cells

-contain a parietal and visceral layer -pericardium is an example

Which statements characterize serous membrane? - contain a parietal and visceral layer - secrete mucus - skin is an example - cover and line the urinary bladder -pericardium is an example

it is found in the walls of most viscera it is involuntary

Which statements characterizes smooth muscle tissue?

-covers body surfaces -covers many organs -lines body cavities -lines many organs

Which statements describe the locations of epithelial tissue? -covers body surfaces -attached to bones -covers many organs -lines body cavities -lines many organs

basement membrance

Which structure binds epithelial tissue to connective tissue?

-cushions shock -acts as an insulator to slow heat loss -provides padding

Which three are functions of adipose tissue? -synthesizes hormones that control blood pressure -cushions shock -acts as an insulator to slow heat loss -provides padding -makes new blood cells

-provides physical support -acts as a barrier -anchors the epithelium to connective tissue

Which three are functions of the basement membrane? -provides physical support -anchors epithelial cells together -acts as a barrier -anchors the epithelium to connective tissue

-dermis of skin -subcutaneous layer deep to skin -surrounding blood vessels

Which three are locations of areolar connective tissue? -dermis of skin -subcutaneous layer deep to skin -within tendons and ligaments -surrounding blood vessels

-the cells are bound closely together -it is composed almost entirely of cells -the basal surface is bound to a basement membrane

Which three characteristics describe epithelial tissue? -the cells are bound closely together -a large amount of extracellular matrix separates the cells -it is composed almost entirely of cells -it is composed almost entirely of extracellular matrix -the basal surface is bound to a basement membrane

-high regeneration capacity -richly innervated -lacks blood vessels

Which three statements correctly describe epithelial tissue? -lacks innervation -high regeneration capacity -richly innervated -richly vascularized -lacks blood vessels

- it lines blood vessels - it allows for rapid diffusion or filtration

Which two statements characterize simple squamous epithelial tissue? - it lines blood vessels -it lines most digestive organs -it secretes mucus -it allows for rapid diffusion or filtration

fibrocartilage

Which type of cartilage forms intervertebral discs?

hyaline cartilage

Which type of cartilage is surrounded by a perichondrium and named for its clear, glassy appearance?

Mucous connective tissue

Which type of connective tissue is located in the umbilical cord only?

mucous connective tissue

Which type of connective tissue is located in the umbilical cord only?

dense regular (looks like a muscle)

Which type of connective tissue?

pseudostratified

Which type of epithelium is composed of a single layer of cells that are attached to a basement membrane, but not all the cells reach the apical surface of the epithelium?

simple

Which type of epithelium is one cell layer thick?

endocrine

Which type of glands lack ducts and can secrete their products directly into the bloodstream?

collagen

Which type of protein fiber, in connective tissue, is the most abundant type of protein in the body and appears pink under the microscope when stained with hemotoxylin and eosin?

Adipose

_____ connective tissue serves as padding and acts as an insulator to show heat loss through the skin.

metaplasia

_____ occurs when mature epithelium changes to another form of mature epithelium due to environmental stressors.

Epithelial

_____ tissue acts as "gatekeepers" in that they regulate the movement of materials in and out of certain body regions.

neurons

______ are cell types responsible for control and information processing.

Elastic

______ cartilage maintains structure and shape while permitting extensive flexibility

Elastic

______ connective tissue has branching elastic fibers and more fibroblasts than loose connective tissue in addition to packed collagen fibers

Apocrine

______ glands are composed of cells that accumulate their secretory products with the apical portion of their cytoplasm; the secretion of these glands contains apical portions of the cells.

reticular

_______ fibers contain the protein collagen and are thinner than collagen fibers.

Bone

_______ is the tissue represented in this histological image.

Mucous

_______ membranes line body compartments that eventually open to the external environment.

stratified columnar

________ ________ epithelium is fairly rare in the body and is found in ducts of the salivary glands.

Reticular

________ connective tissue contains a meshwork of reticular fibers, fibroblasts, and abundant leukocytes.

Keratinized

_________ stratified squamous epithelial tissue forms the epidermis of skin.

a = goblet cell b = cilia

a. ? b. ?

a: goblet cells b: microvilli

a:? b:?

a: squamous b: cuboidal c: columnar

label type of cell