ISTM 705 Final Exam

Every image needs: -To use an encrypted storage mechanism to allow the recipient to ensure the image was received completely intact. -To have a black and white equivalent to enable printing by individuals with color blindness. -To use a text equivalent so that assistive technologies will be able to describe the content to users. -To use the right color scheme to allow limited sight individuals to see the gist of the image. -To use a large size so that individuals with limited visual acuity can see the image clearly.

-To use a text equivalent so that assistive technologies will be able to describe the content to users.

Today, most estimate structured data accounts for less than ____ percent of all data.

20

Some examples of structured data

A US ZIP code can be stored as a five digit string (e.g. 90210), a State as a two-character abbreviation (e.g. CA), etc.

___ is a design process in which the needs of people with disabilities are specifically considered. UI design Accessible design UX design Universal design HP design

Accessible Design

____________________, as an opposite example, is optimised for storing relationships between nodes.

Apache Giraph

"Essentially, a schemaless database shifts the schema into the ___ code that access it."

Application

You should minimize ___. -Download time -Images -Video -Words -Blinking, flashing, or other distracting features

Blinking, flashing, or other distracting features

For each video, you should include: -A link to where you can download the video for later viewing. -Captions and descriptions. -A version with enhanced audio to allow the volume to be higher for assistive technology. -A moving GIF equivalent because that is more compatible with assistive technology. -A button to change the background color and font.

Captions and descriptions

C in ACID transactions stands for ___.

Consistent

___ focuses on writing and curating useful content by planning the creation, delivery, and governance behind it.

Content strategy

________________and ______________ have become important for big data analytics, providing a way to increase overall capacity using low-cost commodity storage

Data warehouses and data lakes

All online forms should use ___ to provide persons with disabilities the information they need to complete the forms.

Descriptive HTML tags

What is the point of accessibility?

Equal playing field for people with disabilities (goes beyond universal/effective design)

T/F: always specify font colors and sizes.

False

True or false: A database with replication cannot support sharding.

False

True or false: For a particular problem, there is no difference in different ways of creating the boundaries of an aggregate.

False

True or false: You should always specify font colors and sizes.

False

___ are moderated discussions with a group of users, allowing you to learn more about user attitudes, ideas, and desires.

Focus groups

Aggregates should be designed based on ___.

How the data is going to be read

Why not store everything in main memory?

It's volatile

If I have a set of session variables I will always look up based on your browser's session ID, I will probably use a(n) ___ database.

Key-Value

Data about data is called ___.

Metadata

Example of a modern data management platforms for storing and processing large amounts of unstructured data

MongoDB Atlas

For analyzing complex data types, or for advanced data analysis, ______________ databases offer a way to more efficiently manage and search across disparate data sets.

NoSQL

Going beyond raw statistics, unstructured data can (with the right _______________________), can provide more advanced insights

NoSQL database

What does NoSQL mean?

Nothing—it was a hashtag for a meetup

Applications with a large volume of writes should consider ___ replication.

Peer-to-peer

___ creates mock-ups of a system that allow the design team to explore ideas.

Prototyping

Some examples of unstructured data

Satellite imagery, audio files, video files, or even emails may have common features, but these rich data types aren't easily ingested, processed, or analyzed with conventional database related systems.

A(n) ___ is a computer program that speaks written text.

Screen reader

According to the Forbes reading, an interview with a set of predefined questions but offering the freedom to customize additional questions or the order in which the questions are asked based on the response of the circumstances and responses by the job candidate would be analogous to ___ data.

Semi-structured

Data in MongoDB is ___.

Semi-structured

Email messages are a good example of _______________________data

Semi-structured data

_______________________________________has some defining or consistent characteristics but doesn't conform to a structure as rigid as is expected with a relational database.

Semi-structured data

A common way to make multiple enterprise systems use the same data is by using the same relational database. This is called ___.

Shared database integration

According to the Forbes reading, when making an analogy to job interviews, ___ data was like having a strict script that was defined by HR.

Structured

According to the MongoDB reading, data that fits into a predefined data model is ___ data.

Structured

Relational databases are best at storing ___ data.

Structured

structured data is managed using _______________________

Structured Query Language (SQL)

_______ refers to data that fits a predefined data model. It can be easily mapped into designated fields

Structured data

_______________ is best suited to process-driven applications that rely on specific information presented in a known, consistent format.

Structured data

___________________ is considered the most 'traditional' form of data storage, since the earliest versions of database management systems (DBMS) were able to store, process and access structured data

Structured data

_____________is easily stored and retrieved in a traditional relational database where the management system applies logic to ensure information is in the correct format as it is written to disk

Structured data

Which of the following is NOT one of the areas of knowledge within Project Management as identified by the Project Management Institute (PMI) standards? Scope management Procurement management Cost management Human resource management Cost management Success management Communication management Time management Risk management Integration management

Success Management

___-based documents are the most compatible with assistive technologies.

Text

What fits best with assistive technology?

Text format (easiest thing to interpret for people with disabilities)

T/F: always allow individuals to override font sizes/colors you set

True

___ is described as "the design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design."

Universal design

_________________: accessible to everyone without adaptation as possible (makes accessibility easier) -considers everyone

Universal design

According to the Forbes reading, an interviewer determining the questions and the order they will be asked in is like ___ data.

Unstructured

According to the MongoDB reading, data that doesn't have a predefined model is ___ data.

Unstructured

Video of someone checking out at a self-checkout kiosk is ___ data.

Unstructured

NoSQL databases are designed to store ___ data.

Unstructured and semi-structured

With __________ you can store a far broader range of rich data including images, sound, video, and text

Unstructured data

__________ is more ambiguous

Unstructured data

__________ is not as easily categorized into the predefined tables and rows of a relational database

Unstructured data

___________ doesn't have a predefined data model

Unstructured data

__________________ is usually stored in data lakes, NoSQL databases, applications and data warehouses

Unstructured data

____________________ has the ability to store, query, and analyze information from any source opens new opportunities — and this is where future success awaits.

Unstructured data

___________________________ can also provide enough structure so that non-text assets can be queried, allowing you to run facial recognition analysis from photographs for instance.

Unstructured data

_____________________can be, and is, stored in a number of places

Unstructured data

___ focuses on how well users can learn and use a product to achieve their goals.

Usability evaluation

___ is described as the "effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction with which a specified set of users can achieve a specified set of tasks in a particular environment."

Usable Design

___ focuses on having a deep understanding of users, what they need, what they value, their abilities, and also their limitations.

User experience

___ focuses on anticipating what users might need to do and ensuring that the interface has elements that are easy to access, understand, and use to facilitate those actions.

User interface design

___ focuses on understanding user behavior, needs, and motivations through observation techniques, task analysis, and other feedback methodologies.

User research

Regardless of the lifecycle approach (Waterfall of Agile) you choose, you need to incorporate ___ best practices and methods.

User-centered design

___ focuses on ensuring an aesthetically pleasing interface that is in line with brand goals.

Visual design

Large data estates can be housed in a _______________ — as long as the information continues to meet the rigid database schema.

data warehouse

TAM two things lead to one thing

ease of use and usefulness lead to use (create intention to use and then people following through)

How to define something that is usable:

easy to learn, (effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction) that specified users can achieve tasks

What do we not like on website?

flashing, automatic videos, only have graphical format - must also have in text/access content of images and videos, online forms (tags = describe type of data to input)

A last category of data type is ____________

metadata

In a set of photographs, for example, ____________ could describe when and where the photos were taken

metadata

_____________________is one of the most important elements for Big Data analysis and big data solutions

metadata

Structured Query Language (SQL)

programming software language developed by IBM in the 1970s for relational databases

Structured data is also known as ________

relational data

Potentially high value information is held in these assets, but it cannot be retrieved using regular text queries from a traditional _________________________.

relational database

What are some technological aids to help those with disabilities to interact with information systems?

screen reading, brail, ability to read a caption on a picture (caption)

As the scope for storage increases, and as data becomes more complex and dynamic, so too does the difficulty with which you can _______________________________________

search and analyze that information

Examples of _________________data include JSON and XML

semi-structured

The reason ___________________________exists is because it is considerably easier to analyse than unstructured data. Many Big Data solutions and tools have the ability to 'read' and process either JSON or XML. This reduces the complexity to analyse structured data, compared to unstructured data

semi-structured data

__________ contain tags or other markers to separate semantic elements and enforce hierarchies of records and fields within the data

semi-strutcured data (self-describing structure)

Because of its relative simplicity, _________________ is well suited to the relative limitations of relational database systems.

structured data

Data that is the easiest to search and organize, because it is usually contained in rows and columns and its elements can be mapped into fixed pre-defined fields, is known as ____________________________

structured data

In ___________________________________, entities can be grouped together to form relations.

structured data

With _____________ every record adheres to a predefined data model; if incoming data fails to meet those definitions, it cannot be saved without correction or truncation.

structured data

_________ may often be very text-heavy

structured data

__________ does have the advantage of being extremely easy to parse and search using conventional software.

structured data

So, for data, ____________________ is easily organizable and follows a rigid format; _____________ is complex and often qualitative information that is impossible to reduce to or organize in a relational database and ______________________ data has elements of both.

structured data; unstructured; semi-structured

The linear, controlled nature of structured data is best suited to statistical-type big data analytics using ___________________________________________

structured query language (SQL).

TAM

technology acceptance model

A much bigger percentage of all the data is our world is __________________

unstructured data

As information management continues to evolve, and user data becomes more complex, the additional context provided by ____________________________ will prove vital.

unstructured data

Further, the no-loss storage of ___________________ means that details remain intact even as your data needs and strategies change.

unstructured data

In the big data analytics environment, this additional layer of information with ___________________________provides much-needed context and insights that are not available from raw statistics and SQL-based, sanitized data sets

unstructured data

Specific applications like email servers often create their own data silo of ________________________

unstructured data

The lack of structure made _____________________ more difficult to search, manage and analyse, which is why companies have widely discarded unstructured data, until the recent proliferation of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms made it easier to process.

unstructured data

This technology has elevated ______________________ to an extremely valuable resource for organizations.

unstructured data

___________________ is data that cannot be contained in a row-column database and doesn't have an associated data model

unstructured data