Ch 6

Garret can climb up stairs, walk backwards, and run. He can't jump or walk up and down stairs. How old is Garret likely to be?

14 months

Children who watched Barney model prosocial interactions on television were then __________ than other children in a group setting.

more prosocial

Private speech is __________.

self-guiding and self-directing thoughts used in learning

Bowlby partly based his theory on Elliot Spitz's finding that infants raised in orphanages __________.

suffered in their physical and emotional development

Mia loved playing soccer as a child and cannot wait until her daughter can kick a ball so that they can play together. Based on your knowledge, when should Mia be able to start playing soccer with her child, assuming that her daughter has average gross motor abilities?

24 months old

Which of the following statements about autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is true?

Boys are diagnosed at a higher rate than girls.

How does the presence of older siblings affect children's reactions in the Strange Situation?

Children are not as distressed when their mother leaves.

Silas was playing in a group of children and showed pride in his ability to fit the right shaped piece into the container. This display of pride would most likely be discouraged by parents in __________.

China

Which of the following statements about gender is true?

Gender development has a biological basis as well as an environmental basis.

Among the Fulani people of West Africa, toddlers are sent to their __________ household during weaning.

Grandmother

According to Vygotsky, what is true about private speech?

It continues throughout the life span.

What happens to the amount of sleep that a baby gets in the first year of life?

It decreases a couple of hours.

Which of the following is an example of deferred imitation?

Joel pretends to vacuum the carpet 2 days after he sees his dad do it.

__________ is a condition specific to toddlerhood in which protein deficiencies lead to varied symptoms such as swollen bellies and feet, hair loss, and lack of energy.

Kwashiorkor

What did Noam Chomsky believe enables children to perceive and grasp quickly the grammatical rules in the language around them?

Language Acquisition Device

In the red spot test, what would you expect 12-month-old infants to do?

Reach out and touch their reflection.

Researchers secretly dabbed a red spot on the nose of babies of different ages and then placed them in front of a mirror. They were testing __________.

Self-recognition

Nona was in a serious car accident and suffered damage to her Broca's area. Which of the following is likely to result?

She will have difficulty producing speech.

What impact does the timing of weaning have on its success?

The earlier the weaning process begins, the easier it is.

What happens in brain development after the peak of synaptic density about age 3?

The frequently used connections become faster and more efficient and underused connections wither away.

Which of the following statements regarding toddler gross motor development across cultures is true?

The pattern of motor skill development is quite similar across cultures.

Which of the following best describes Morton, a toddler who is considered to have an insecure-resistant attachment based on the Strange Situation test?

The toddler is less likely than others to explore the room and is ambivalent upon the mother's return.

You are interested in weaning your toddler. Why is it more of a challenge to wean a toddler than an infant?

The toddler is more socially aware and has a greater capacity to exercise intentional behavior.

What does the study of ethology tell us about human gender differences?

The young of our closely related species play in same-sex groups.

The process of stopping breast-feeding is called __________.

Weaning

Which of the following is an example of overextension?

a child calling all men "Dada"

Marcel was diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder at the age of 3. Which behavior would you be most likely to see if you observed him in his day care classroom?

a preoccupation with repetitive movements

Secure attachment is characterized by __________.

a willingness of the child to use the mother as a secure base to explore the environment

To understand brain functioning in a toddler, it would be best to use__________.

an EEG technique

Piaget believed that mental representation in toddlerhood is the basis of __________.

categorization

When it comes to attachment, __________.

children develop an internal working model of what to expect about their mother's availability and supportiveness in times of need based on how sensitive and responsive she was over the first year of life

Eighteen-month-old Omar saw his father stirring a pot on the stove and the next day, picks up his toy bowl and spoon and begins "stirring" an imaginary substance. This is an example of __________.

deferred imitation

Research has shown that __________.

direct stimulation of language development is discouraged in some cultures

In elementary and secondary school Brice showed problems, such as hostility and cognitive deficits. In college he was diagnosed with various types of psychopathology. Based on the research he most likely had a(n) __________ attachment classification.

disorganized-disoriented

Even if TV sometimes inspires prosocial or creative behavior, a persistent concern about television use from toddlerhood onward is the __________.

displacement effect

Which of the following is a sociomoral emotion?

guilt

Which of the following is one of the emotions that develop during toddlerhood that help children with self-regulation?

guilt

Joaquin was thirsty, so he looked at his mother and pointed to the glass on the counter and said, "juice." This is an example of __________.

holophrase

When it comes to learning language, the most significant difference between apes and humans is the __________.

inability of apes to generate word symbols in a limitless number of ways

One study of toddlers in Australia, England, and Israel found that episodes of waking in the night __________ from 1½ to 2 years of age.

increased in frequency

The most crucial micronutrient deficiency worldwide is __________.

iodine

The example of Piaget's daughter opening and closing her mouth and then suddenly sliding back the cover of the matchbox to reveal the chain represents __________.

mental representation

Research on sibling relationships during the toddler years has found that __________.

older children are less resentful and more interested in playing with their toddler siblings than their infant siblings

In interactions with infants and toddlers, fathers in developed countries are more likely than mothers to __________.

play with them

In most traditional cultures, the father's main role is to __________ his children.

protect and provide for

Gender identity ________________.

refers to the ability of children to identify themselves as female or male

You are helping a researcher with her study, using the Strange Situation task. The child you are observing cries when his mother leaves the room and hugs her happily when she returns. After a minute or two of comfort, the child continues to play happily with the toys until the study is completed. How would you categorize the child's attachment to his mother?

secure

Which of the following is an example of scaffolding?

showing examples of how to solve math problems and then testing for the correct answers

A 22-month-old saying "more cookie" instead of "cookie more" shows an initial knowledge of __________.

syntax

Studies have found striking differences in how many words children know by 30 months of age. What contributes to these differences?

the average number of words spoken to children per minute

Research on media use has shown that __________.

the effects of television and other media depend on the content

What most distinguishes early brain development in toddlerhood is __________.

the steep increase in synaptic density

In traditional cultures such as Uganda, __________ can be a major event in the lives of toddlers and it may have an influence on the security of attachment.

weaning

Where do toddlers from traditional cultures usually sleep in the beginning of their lives?

with their mothers