Ch. 7 Test
A patient has experienced a stroke that has permanently injured his brainstem. Which sign or symptom might the EMT expect to find as a result of this condition? A. Abnormal respirations B. Blindness C. Muscle spasms D. Confusion
A. Abnormal respirations
What is the term that refers to the structure of the body? A. Anatomy B. Metabolism C. Physiology D. Combining forms
A. Anatomy
A patient informs you that he injured a tendon in his knee three years ago and has had a difficult time walking since then. You recognize that this injury involves a structure that: A. Connects muscles to the knee B. Attaches a ligament to the knee C. Connects the muscles together surrounding the knee D. Holds and secures the bones of the knee
A. Connects muscles to the knee
The alveoli of a patient's lungs are filled with fluid and pus secondary to pneumonia. How does this disturbance place the patient at risk? A. Decreased absorption of oxygen into the body B. Decreased movement of the diaphragm C. Collapse of the trachea and bronchi D. Decreased movement of air into the lungs
A. Decreased absorption of oxygen into the body
In which body system are the thyroid glands, adrenal glands, pituitary glands, and gonads located? A. Endocrine B. Hormonal C. Nervous D. Respiratory
A. Endocrine
A patient has severe swelling of the leaf-shaped flap that helps to prevent food from entering the lower respiratory system while swallowing. Knowing that the suffix "itis" refers to inflammation, what is this patient's condition? A. Epiglottitis B. Pharyngitis C. Bronchitis D. Tracheitis
A. Epiglottitis
Based on the anatomic and physiological differences between an infant and an adult, which finding would suggest respiratory distress in an infant, but would be less likely to be observed in an adult? A. Excessive abdominal wall motion B. Nasal flaring during exhalation C. Increased respiratory rate D. Breathing with the mouth open
A. Excessive abdominal wall motion
A paramedic tells you that a patient with a probable spine injury still retains his plantar reflexes. As a knowledgeable EMT, you should understand that the patient has reflex activity in which part of the body? A. Feet B. Fingers C. Arms D. Hands
A. Feet
A patient described as dysphagic presents as: A. Having difficulty swallowing B. Having difficulty breathing C. Being unable to speak D. Exhibiting a painful cough
A. Having difficulty swallowing
A patient informs you that he has had his gallbladder surgically removed. Based on the physiology of the gallbladder, which statement is most true regarding this patient? A. He may have difficulty digesting large amounts of fats B. He cannot store glycogen produced by the liver C. He will be more prone to gastric ulcers D. He must avoid meals high in complex carbohydrates
A. He may have difficulty digesting large amounts of fats
A patient with a calcaneal fracture has a broken: A. Heel B. Foot C. Thigh D. Knee
A. Heel
An enlarged liver is best documented as: A. Hepatomegaly B. Ascites C. Gastric distention D. Hepatitis
A. Hepatomegaly
Following radiation therapy for breast cancer, a female patient has a low white blood cell count. Which condition does this factor place her at risk to acquire? A. Infection B. Hypoxia C. Bleeding D. Low blood pressure
A. Infection
A patient with bronchitis is experiencing: A. Inflammation of the bronchi B. Infection of the alveoli C. Accumulation of mucus in the trachea D. Fluid in the trachea and bronchioles
A. Inflammation of the bronchi
A patient who has had both her thyroid and parathyroid glands removed would most likely have difficulty with: A. Maintaining strong and healthy bones B. Maintaining an adequate blood pressure C. Regulating blood sugar D. Producing the hormones that govern sex characteristics
A. Maintaining strong and healthy bones
A patient complains of pain to the upper jaw. This would be documented as pain in the: A. Maxilla B. Mastoid C. Mandible D. Zygoma
A. Maxilla
For the lungs to oxygenate blood, there must be blood flow provided by the right ventricle to the alveoli. This is an example of which principle? A. Physiology B. Anatomy C. Anatomic actions D. Pathophysiology
A. Physiology
Which portion of the heart is in failure when it can no longer effectively pump blood to the lungs? A. Right ventricle B. Left ventricle C. Pulmonary vein D. Left atrium
A. Right ventricle
Which individual finding in a patient is the most reliable indicator that the patient is breathing inadequately? A. Shallow breathing at a rate of 30 breaths/min in an infant B. Chest wall motion outward of 1 inch during inhalation in an adult patient C. Respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min in a child D. Respiratory rate of 22 breaths/min in an elderly patient
A. Shallow breathing at a rate of 30 breaths/min in an infant
A female patient has suffered a stroke to the right side of her brain and has paralysis to the contralateral portion of the body. Which description of this condition is correct? A. She cannot move her left arm and leg B. She cannot move her arms or legs C. She is paralyzed on the right side of her body D. Her left and right legs are paralyzed
A. She cannot move her left arm and leg
Understanding physiology will allow the EMT to understand that bronchoconstriction will have which effect on breathing? A. There will be an increase in the work of breathing B. There will be an increase in the flow of air through the bronchioles C. There will be a decrease in the patient's respiratory rate D. There will be a decrease in the work of breathing
A. There will be an increase in the work of breathing
Which structure or vessel carries oxygen-depleted blood to the right atrium? A. Vena cava B. Internal jugular C. Aorta D. Posterior tibial
A. Vena cava
A female patient has a muscular disease and cannot walk, so she requires a wheelchair. Because the patient cannot ambulate by her own will, you would recognize that the muscles involved are: A. Voluntary B. Involuntary C. Smooth D. Cardiac
A. Voluntary
Which type of joint provides the greatest amount of free motion? A. Ball-and-socket joint B. Gliding joint C. Saddle joint D. Hinged joint
A. Ball-and-socket joint
You are reading a patient care report written by your partner. Which sentence would cause you to tell your partner that you have found an error? A. "The patient was in a lateral recumbent position so as to allow airway monitoring while en route to the hospital." B. "The patient was placed in a face-up prone position." C. "The patient was found in a supine position with his hips and legs flexed toward the core." D. "The patient was placed in Fowler's position with the upper body elevated 45 degrees."
B. "The patient was placed in a face-up prone position."
Accurately communicating patient injury information to other health care professionals is most reliant upon: A. Properly placed cellular towers B. A good knowledge of proper anatomic terminology C. Good handwriting D. A strong radio signal
B. A good knowledge of proper anatomic terminology
Which division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for increasing gastric juice secretions after a person eats a meal? A. Voluntary B. Autonomic C. Somatic D. Sympathetic
B. Autonomic
Involuntary or smooth muscles are found in the walls of which types of structures? A. Spinal cord B. Blood vessels and intestines C. Muscles of the arms and legs D. Heart and brain
B. Blood vessels and intestines
Which term is most closely related to the elbow? A. Calcaneal B. Cubital C. Acetabular D. Tibial
B. Cubital
An abrasion affects which part of the skin? A. Dermal and subcutaneous layers B. Epidermal and dermal layers C. Epidermis D. Dermal layer
B. Epidermal and dermal layers
What is the name of the male reproductive structure that stores sperm? A. Seminal vesicles B. Epididymis C. Testes D. Vas deferens
B. Epididymis
What is the major artery of the thigh called? A. Radial artery B. Femoral artery C. Brachial artery D. Carotid artery
B. Femoral artery
You are using cryotherapy to treat a deformed and painful ankle. This treatment involves the use of: A. Compression B. Ice C. Massage D. Heat
B. Ice
Which assessment finding should the EMT expect after administering epinephrine to a patient? A. Labored breathing B. Increased blood pressure C. Slowing of the heart rate D. Generalized weakness
B. Increased blood pressure
A patient has experienced a burn to the skin. Based on the function of the skin, he is now more susceptible to: A. Endocrine disorders B. Infection C. Heart problems D. Fluid overload
B. Infection
Which statement regarding the endocrine system is most correct? A. It is a system of glands that releases hormones via ducts into the bloodstream B. It is made up of several glands whose secretions cause specific actions in specific organs C.It is a system of glands that regulates consciousness D. It includes the thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and salivary glands
B. It is made up of several glands whose secretions cause specific actions in specific organs
Nephritis indicates which kind of infection? A. Urinary tract B. Kidney C. Bladder D. Digestive
B. Kidney
Which line divides the body into right and left halves when viewing it from the front? A. Anterior axillary line B. Midline C. Midclavicular line D. Midaxillary line
B. Midline
A patient complains of extreme dizziness, headache, and other "stroke-like" symptoms. Which condition is most likely to be responsible for these symptoms? A. Occlusion of the popliteal vein B. Occlusion of the carotid arteries C. Rupture of the radial vein D. Clot in the abdominal aorta
B. Occlusion of the carotid arteries
A patient with dentalgia is suffering from a(n): A. Throat infection B. Painful tooth C. Inflammation of the tongue D. Sinus infection
B. Painful tooth
As a patient provides you with her past medical history, which condition should you recognize as directly related to the endocrine system? A. Blockage of the gallbladder B. Removal of the thyroid C. Failure of the kidneys D. Enlargement of the appendix
B. Removal of the thyroid
Which statement best describes the anatomic position? A. Supine position with arms at the side and palms facing downward B. Standing with the arms down at the side and palms facing forward C. Prone position with arms upward and palms facing upward D. Upright and facing backward with the arms raised and legs straight
B. Standing with the arms down at the side and palms facing forward
An 89-year-old female patient has fallen in her living room and has pain in her left hip. As you approach, you note that she is on her back with her left leg turned inward. When relaying this information to the receiving hospital, how would you describe her position? A. Supine with left rotation of the right leg B. Supine with medial rotation of the left lower extremity C. Supine with lateral rotation of the left lower extremity D. Lateral recumbent with dorsal rotation of the left leg
B. Supine with medial rotation of the left lower extremity
Which statement regarding the integumentary system is true? A. The epidermis is the thickest and most important layer of the skin B. The skin protects the body against bacteria and other organisms C. The skin contains four layers: epidermal, dermal, subcutaneous, and nerve layer D. The dermal layer is the outermost layer of the skin and contains sensory nerves
B. The skin protects the body against bacteria and other organisms
The infant airway differs from the adult airway in that: A. The infant's epiglottis is smaller and located behind the esophagus B. The infant's tongue takes up proportionately more space in the mouth C. All of the infant's respiratory structures are proportionally smaller and more easily obstructed D. The infant's trachea is highly rigid and less flexible to movement
B. The infant's tongue takes up proportionately more space in the mouth
A patient is experiencing the backup of blood and fluid in her lung tissue. Failure of which of the heart's valves is likely responsible for this condition? A. Pulmonary B. Tricuspid C. Bicuspid D. Right
C. Bicuspid
The left side of a patient's heart is in severe failure, causing blood to back up behind it. Which sign or symptom are you most likely to observe first? A. Swelling in the feet B. Decreased respirations C. Crackles in the lungs D. Bone pain in the legs
C. Crackles in the lungs
The terms "occipital," "parietal," and "frontal" can refer collectively to which part of the body? A. Chest B. Spine C. Cranium D. Pelvis
C. Cranium
When palpating a pulse on top of the foot, the EMT is assessing blood flow in which vessel? A. Femoral vein B. Posterior tibial vein C. Dorsalis pedis artery D. Coronary artery
C. Dorsalis pedis artery
You are assessing a patient who informs you that her body abnormally forms blood clots, even when they are not needed to stop bleeding. Which condition could you expect the patient to have that contributes to the blood clotting? A. Low red blood cell count B. High white blood cell count C. Elevated number of platelets D. Decreased clotting factors
C. Elevated number of platelets
A 23-year-old male patient has been shot with a rifle by an assailant standing in front of him. The bullet entered the victim's chest just above the left nipple and exited his body laterally left of his fourth lumbar vertebrae. Proper documentation of this injury would include: A. Exit wound to the posterior torso B. Entry wound to the abdomen C. Entry wound to the anterior thorax D. Exit wound to the posterior thorax
C. Entry wound to the anterior thorax
What is the basic function of the respiratory system? A. Provide nutrients to the cells absorbed into the bloodstream B. Transport oxygen throughout the body C. Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment D. Release oxygen from the body via hemoglobin sites
C. Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment
When the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, which phase of the respiratory cycle happens next? A. Expansion B. Retraction C. Exhalation D. Inhalation
C. Exhalation
Acrocyanosis is best described as a bluish discoloration of the patient's: A.Chest B. Head C. Extremities D. Abdomen
C. Extremities
A patient has fractured bones in his left leg. Which bones could be involved in this injury? A. Acetabulum, calcaneus, or carpals B. Radius, ulna, humerus, or carpals C. Femur, tibia, or fibula D. Orbit, lumbar, or shin
C. Femur, tibia, or fibula
Which finding is a beta-1 sympathetic (adrenergic) effect? A. Vasoconstriction B. Bronchodilation C. Increased heart rate D. Vasodilation
C. Increased heart rate
Degenerative disk disease to the vertebrae is characterized by damage to which structure(s) between the vertebrae? A. Spinal joints B. Spinal cord C. Intervertebral disks D. Vertebral nerve endings
C. Intervertebral disks
What is the primary function of the left atrium? A. It receives blood from the vena cava B. It pumps blood to the body C. It receives blood from the pulmonary veins D. It pumps blood to the lungs
C. It receives blood from the pulmonary veins
The structure containing a person's "voice box" is termed the: A. Trachea B. Pharynx C. Larynx D. Sternum
C. Larynx
Which body system protects internal organs of the chest and provides for movement of the extremities? A. Immune B. Nervous C. Musculoskeletal D. Endocrine
C. Musculoskeletal
As you arrive on scene, an Emergency Medical Responder informs you that the patient has agonal respirations. Based on this description, you would expect the patient's breathing to be: A. Deep and fast B. Irregular and deep C. Occasional and gasping D. Rapid and shallow
C. Occasional and gasping
After you apply and use the automated external defibrillator, a patient regains his pulse and has adequate respirations. The paramedic asks you to place the patient in a lateral recumbent position. How should you position this patient? A. Supine with his head turned left B. On his back C. On his left side D. On his stomach
C. On his left side
Which components of the nervous system must be functional for a patient to be conscious? A. One cerebral hemisphere and the pineal gland B. The RAS and pineal gland C. One cerebral hemisphere and the reticular activating system D. Both cerebral hemispheres
C. One cerebral hemisphere and the reticular activating system
Which organ(s) is (are) responsible for production and secretion of the primary female hormone progesterone? A. Uterus B. External genitals C. Ovaries D. Testes
C. Ovaries
A patient informs you that he must sprinkle artificial digestive enzymes on all his foods before eating them. Based on this information, which endocrine gland should you assume is dysfunctional? A. Adrenal B. Spleen C. Pancreas D. Thyroid
C. Pancreas
What is the name of the fluid that carries blood cells and nutrients? A. Total body water B. Platelet fluid C. Plasma D. Hemoglobin
C. Plasma
The EMT shows correct understanding of the circulatory system when he identifies the primary function of the heart as: A. Transferring oxygen to the cells B. Oxygenating blood in the lungs C. Pumping blood throughout the body D. Maintaining the volume of blood
C. Pumping blood throughout the body
A tachypneic patient is breathing: A. Shallowly B. Deeply C. Rapidly D. Slowly
C. Rapidly
Another EMT informs you that a patient has been stabbed once with a knife in the right midaxillary region. Which description best identifies where is this injury located? A. Right shoulder B. Right chest C. Right lateral chest D. Right side of the abdomen
C. Right lateral chest
In the healthy heart, the electrical impulses that cause normal contraction of the cardiac muscle are initiated in the: A. Left atrium B. Bundle branches C. Sinoatrial node D. Ventricles
C. Sinoatrial node
The pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries as the left ventricle contracts is called: A. Arterial B. Diastolic C. Systolic D. Osmotic
C. Systolic
Which action produces inhalation and contributes to airflow into the lungs? A. The chest cavity decreases in size B. The intercostal muscles relax C. The diaphragm contracts D. The pressure in the chest increases
C. The diaphragm contracts
Which statement about the human anatomy is true? A. The hand is proximal to the elbow B. The hip is distal to the knee C. The knee is proximal to the ankle D. The shoulder is distal to the hand
C. The knee is proximal to the ankle
patient experiencing pain in the thoracic region of his spinal column has pain in his: A. Lower back B. Neck C. Upper back D. Tailbone
C. Upper back
What is the name of the structure in males and females that transports the urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder? A. Urethra B. Renal pelvis C. Ureters D. Vulva
C. Ureters
The spinal column is composed of which sections, described in order from most superior to most inferior? A. Coccyx, lumbar, thoracic, cervical, and sacral B. Thoracic, lumbar, cervical, coccyx, and sacral C. Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx D. Cervical, lumbar, thoracic, sacral, and coccyx
C. Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx
Emergency Medical Responders inform you that a 73-year-old female patient has fallen and has a hematoma to the occipital area of her head. Based on this description, you should expect to find the injury in which area of the head? A. Front B. Top C. Side D. Back
D. Back
A patient with asthma is short of breath because her small airways are constricted. For this patient, the best medication is one that has which sympathetic (adrenergic) properties? A. Alpha-1 B. Alpha-2 C. Beta-1 D. Beta-2
D. Beta-2
A psychologically disturbed patient decided to kill himself by shooting himself in the head. The bullet entered the right temporal lobe and exited the skull on the opposite side. If this patient is unresponsive, what is the most likely cause? A. The patient has likely lost too much blood B. The cerebellum is damaged C. The endocrine system (hypothalamus) has failed D. Both cerebral hemispheres are damaged
D. Both cerebral hemispheres are damaged
A patient's blood glucose (sugar) level begins to drop. Which organ would be affected first due to its heavy reliance on circulating glucose? A. Heart B. Spleen C. Muscles D. Brain
D. Brain
Pain that is described as "caustic" by the patient is: A. Sharp B. Stabbing C. Achy D. Burning
D. Burning
Which statement best describes the difference between cardiac and smooth muscle? A. Cardiac muscle does not need a blood supply; smooth muscle does B. Cardiac muscle is able to extend; smooth muscle can only contract C. Cardiac muscle relies on an electrical impulse to be stimulated; smooth muscle does not D. Cardiac muscle can generate its own electrical impulse; smooth muscle cannot
D. Cardiac muscle can generate its own electrical impulse; smooth muscle cannot
The nervous system is structurally subdivided into the: A. Skull and vertebral column B. Brain and vertebral column C. Involuntary and voluntary nervous systems D. Central and peripheral nervous systems
D. Central and peripheral nervous systems
You have been called to transport a patient who has an illness that has impaired the involuntary muscles' ability to contract. What condition would you expect with this patient? A. Difficulty in walking and grasping objects with the hands B. Decreased heart rate and increased blood pressure C. Difficulty in maintaining an upright posture D. Decreased peristaltic movement of the large intestine
D. Decreased peristaltic movement of the large intestine
A patient has taken a medication that increases the activity of his sympathetic nervous system. Given this treatment, which sign or symptom would the EMT expect to find? A. Low blood pressure B. Dry and flushed skin C. Decreased heart rate D. Dilated pupils
D. Dilated pupils
A patient with kidney failure has lost his ability to: A. Digest fatty foods B. Produce all hormones C. Absorb nutrients D. Filter and excrete wastes
D. Filter and excrete wastes
The bones of the upper extremities include the: A. Radius, ulna, and tarsals B. Humerus and calcaneus C. Phalanges and tibia D. Humerus and radius
D. Humerus and radius
Knowing that muscular dystrophy affects the voluntary muscles, which additional problem should you expect to be a direct effect of the disease? A. Vasodilation B. Constipation C. Slow heart rate D. Inability to walk
D. Inability to walk
Assessment of a patient who was involved in a motor vehicle collision reveals tenderness over ribs 9-12 on the lateral right side. Based on this injury, the EMT should be alert for which additional concern? A. Pain from possible rib fractures B. Damage to the heart C. Damage to the false ribs D. Injury to the liver
D. Injury to the liver
A patellar fracture affects which part of the body? A. Elbow B. Tibia C. Hip D. Knee
D. Knee
What represents the correct sequence for the passage of air into the lungs, when starting from outside the body? A. Epiglottis, trachea, cricoid, bronchi, air sacs B. Nose, bronchi, larynx, trachea, pharynx, air sacs C. Larynx, esophagus, trachea, bronchi, alveoli D. Mouth, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli
D. Mouth, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli
A patient with an orbital fracture is most likely to complain of: A. Difficulty swallowing B. Pain around the ear C. Pain when moving his lower jaw D. Pain around the eye
D. Pain around the eye
A patient has a total occlusion of the left femoral artery. With this condition, which assessment finding would the EMT expect? A. Difficulty moving the left arm B. Decreased radial pulse C. Swelling in the legs D. Pale skin to the left foot
D. Pale skin to the left foot
Which term refers to how the parts of the body function and interact? A. Aerobic metabolism B. Biome C. Anatomy D. Physiology
D. Physiology
What is a function of the skeletal system? A. Providing structure and points of attachment to blood vessels B. Protecting all of the abdominal organs C. Forming the vital organs of the body D. Producing blood cells
D. Producing blood cells
The segment of the spinal column that forms the posterior pelvis is the: A. Thoracic spine B. Lumbar segment C. Cervical vertebrae D. Sacral vertebrae
D. Sacral vertebrae
Occlusion to which pulmonary structure would cause total cessation of airflow into and out of the lungs? A. Esophagus B. Right bronchi C. Nasopharynx D. Trachea
D. Trachea
Which plane would show the liver, stomach, and spleen? A. Abdominal plane B. Midline plane C. Sagittal plane D. Transverse plane
D. Transverse plane
An example of a pivot joint of the body would be: A. Where the ankle meets the tibia and ulna B. Where the first and second vertebrae meet C. Where the femur joints the pelvis D. Where the radius and ulna meet the humerus
D. Where the radius and ulna meet the humerus
A patient suffering a carpal fracture would most likely complain of pain in her: A. Ankle B. Knee C. Elbow D. Wrist
D. Wrist