Ch. 7- The Vitamins: A Functional Approach
Which of the following is not noted as a group that may benefit from taking a multivitamin-mineral supplement under guidance of a physician or dietitian?
A person approaching age 65
The main function of vitamin E in the body is to act as a(n) ____.
Antioxidant
T/F: Excessive sun exposure can cause vitamin D toxicity.
False
T/F: High intakes of B 6, B 12, and folate are associated with higher levels of homocysteine and a lower risk of blood clot formation.
False
T/F: Research has proven that the common cold can be prevented by increasing intake of Vitamin C.
False
T/F: Risk factors for colon cancer include a high fiber intake and low red meat intake.
False
T/F: Vegetables in the cruciferous family include carrots, sweet potatoes, and corn.
False
T/F: Vitamin K and B 6 play key roles in the formation of healthy red blood cells.
False
The replacement of red blood cells depends most heavily on ____.
Folate
What factor is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer?
High intake of calories
______ can lead to a deficiency in vitamin K.
Taking antibiotics
T/F: Because excesses are stored in the liver and fatty tissues, it is possible for megadoses of fat-soluble vitamins to build up to toxic levels.
True
T/F: Herbal supplements are unregulated and possibly unsafe.
True
T/F: Low vitamin K blood levels are associated with a higher risk of hip fractures in older women.
True
T/F: Regular consumption of carotenoid-rich vegetables such as beta-carotene may prevent or delay macular degeneration.
True
T/F: The disease pellagra is characterized by diarrhea, dermatitis, and, in severe cases, dementia.
True
T/F: Vegetarians have a lower risk of developing cancer.
True
T/F: Vitamins promote growth and reproduction and help maintain health.
True
Riboflavin is destroyed by ____.
UV light
What vitamin deficiency is associated with night blindness?
Vitamin A
The vitamin most intensively involved in protein metabolism is ____.
Vitamin B6
Which vitamin works with vitamin C to squelch free radicals before they injure the body?
Vitamin E
Newborns are given an injection of _____ to prevent the possibility of a life-threatening hemorrhage.
Vitamin K
Choline is ____.
a conditionally essential nutrient
A general function of vitamin C is its action as a(n) ____.
antioxidant
Phytochemicals have several different modes of action. Those with ____ protect cells from damage.
antioxidant properties
What factor is classified as a cancer initiator?
cigarette smoke
Vitamin A toxicity is most likely to occur from ____.
consuming high-dose vitamin A supplements
Toxic compounds created in the body that may contribute to certain chronic diseases are called _______.
free radicals
What food is an unlikely source of beta-carotene?
romaine lettuce
High blood levels of homocysteine ____.
tend to be associated with low blood levels of vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and folate
Lycopene, found in ____, may help reduce the risk of ____.
tomatoes; prostate cancer
Which herb is mismatched with its purported use?
Psyllium—improves memory
_______ is the vitamin D deficiency in children.
Rickets
Which food is a good source of the vitamin A precursor, beta-carotene?
Sweet Potatoes
The inability of the stomach to produce enough acid can lead to a _____ deficiency.
B12
What recommendation helps minimize the loss of vitamins that can occur as a result of improper food handling?
Cook vegetables in a microwave oven in as little water as possible.
______ is the vitamin D deficiency disease in adults.
Osteomalacia
_______ is the deficiency disease associated with niacin.
Pellagra
What is not a factor that one should consider when choosing a supplement to purchase?
Price
