Ch. 7- The Vitamins: A Functional Approach

Which of the following is not noted as a group that may benefit from taking a multivitamin-mineral supplement under guidance of a physician or dietitian?

A person approaching age 65

The main function of vitamin E in the body is to act as a(n) ____.

Antioxidant

T/F: Excessive sun exposure can cause vitamin D toxicity.

False

T/F: High intakes of B 6, B 12, and folate are associated with higher levels of homocysteine and a lower risk of blood clot formation.

False

T/F: Research has proven that the common cold can be prevented by increasing intake of Vitamin C.

False

T/F: Risk factors for colon cancer include a high fiber intake and low red meat intake.

False

T/F: Vegetables in the cruciferous family include carrots, sweet potatoes, and corn.

False

T/F: Vitamin K and B 6 play key roles in the formation of healthy red blood cells.

False

The replacement of red blood cells depends most heavily on ____.

Folate

What factor is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer?

High intake of calories

______ can lead to a deficiency in vitamin K.

Taking antibiotics

T/F: Because excesses are stored in the liver and fatty tissues, it is possible for megadoses of fat-soluble vitamins to build up to toxic levels.

True

T/F: Herbal supplements are unregulated and possibly unsafe.

True

T/F: Low vitamin K blood levels are associated with a higher risk of hip fractures in older women.

True

T/F: Regular consumption of carotenoid-rich vegetables such as beta-carotene may prevent or delay macular degeneration.

True

T/F: The disease pellagra is characterized by diarrhea, dermatitis, and, in severe cases, dementia.

True

T/F: Vegetarians have a lower risk of developing cancer.

True

T/F: Vitamins promote growth and reproduction and help maintain health.

True

Riboflavin is destroyed by ____.

UV light

What vitamin deficiency is associated with night blindness?

Vitamin A

The vitamin most intensively involved in protein metabolism is ____.

Vitamin B6

Which vitamin works with vitamin C to squelch free radicals before they injure the body?

Vitamin E

Newborns are given an injection of _____ to prevent the possibility of a life-threatening hemorrhage.

Vitamin K

Choline is ____.

a conditionally essential nutrient

A general function of vitamin C is its action as a(n) ____.

antioxidant

Phytochemicals have several different modes of action. Those with ____ protect cells from damage.

antioxidant properties

What factor is classified as a cancer initiator?

cigarette smoke

Vitamin A toxicity is most likely to occur from ____.

consuming high-dose vitamin A supplements

Toxic compounds created in the body that may contribute to certain chronic diseases are called _______.

free radicals

What food is an unlikely source of beta-carotene?

romaine lettuce

High blood levels of homocysteine ____.

tend to be associated with low blood levels of vitamin B12, vitamin B6, and folate

Lycopene, found in ____, may help reduce the risk of ____.

tomatoes; prostate cancer

Which herb is mismatched with its purported use?

Psyllium—improves memory

_______ is the vitamin D deficiency in children.

Rickets

Which food is a good source of the vitamin A precursor, beta-carotene?

Sweet Potatoes

The inability of the stomach to produce enough acid can lead to a _____ deficiency.

B12

What recommendation helps minimize the loss of vitamins that can occur as a result of improper food handling?

Cook vegetables in a microwave oven in as little water as possible.

______ is the vitamin D deficiency disease in adults.

Osteomalacia

_______ is the deficiency disease associated with niacin.

Pellagra

What is not a factor that one should consider when choosing a supplement to purchase?

Price