Ch 7 Thinking, Intelligence, and Language
The average 8 year old gets 30 questions right on an intelligence test, whereas the average 12 year old gets 50 questions right. What is the mental ago of an 8 year old who gets 50 questions right?
12
Stanford-Binet and the Wechsler scale provide measures of
Spearman's g
Intelligence test given to individuals from age 2 through adulthood, which includes a wide variety of items, some requiring verbal responses
Standford-Binet
What is bodily kinesthetic intelligence
The ability to manipulate objects and be physically adept
Part of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Vocab, working memory capacity, jigsaw puzzle completion
2 individuals with intellectual disability may both be classified with mild intellectual disability, but one may hold a job and be married while the other may need to be cared for by others in a care facility. This is one reason that deficits in _________ behavior are now included in the definition of intellectual disability.
adaptive
not a domain in the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
analytical skills
Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence
analytical, creative, and practical
the _________ heuristic is a shortcut in which the probability of something is judged based on how easily one can recall similar events
availability
When it comes to categorizing new information, our brains use several techniques; for example, the mental category that is used to group objects and events is called an
concept
the ability to generate unique ideas and novel solutions
creativity
Sources of bias in intelligence testing
culture, ethnicity, socioeconomic status
Type of test purposefully only uses questions that are familiar to people from all socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds, or uses no verbal questions at all
culture-fair test
reasoning from the general to the specific
deductive reasoning
Affect childhood IQ
dietary supplements, interactive reading, educational interventions
Affect of _________ on intelligence is known as the Flynn effect
environment
While most people think of intelligence in terms of genetics, researchers agree that modifications in a person's
environment
T or F: The educational needs of gifted children are met in the typical US classroom
false
T or F: The heritability of intelligence is static across the lifespan
false
Lewis Terman conducted a study of 1500 gifted children. Which is correct from that study?
gifted children typically became experts in a well-established domain
A child with a chronological age of 6 and a mental age of 12 would have an IQ score
higher than 100
reasoning from the specific to the general or from the bottom-up is known as
inductive reasoning
You're smart. I bet your parents are smart too, they are implying that intelligence is
inherited
Limited mental ability with low IQ, usually below 70, difficulty adapting to everyday life, and has an onset of these characteristics in the so-called developmental period
intellectual
Alfred Binet created the first
intelligence test
A child is given an intelligence test. His score on the test corresponds to his
mental age
In order to have an IQ score greater than 100, a child's _________ age must be above his or her _________ age
mental; chronological
being alert and mentally present for one's everyday activities
mindfulness
symptoms of cultural-familial intellectual disability
no evidence of organic brain damage, IQ between 55 and 70, highly sensitive to others' expectations of them
Administered to thousands of children and adults of different ages, the results have revealed that intelligence, as measured by the Binet intelligence test, approximates a _______ _________, or a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve
normal distribution
Created so that tests are applicable to individuals from diverse groups
norms
Being receptive to the possibility of other ways of looking at things
open-mindedness
Intellectual disability caused by a genetic disorder or by brain damage is known as
organic intellectual disability
down syndrome is an example of
organic intellectual disability
Because teachers can nominate students as candidates for gifted education, we must acknowledge that qualifying for gifted instruction involves someone else's social
perception
Emphasizes that when people evaluate whether a given item reflects a certain concept, they compare the item with the most typical item(s) in that category and look for a family resemblance
prototype
The extent to which a test yields a consistent, reproducible measure of performance
reliability
On Monday when you asked your friend if you should dump the person you're dating, she said yes. Now on Wednesday, she says no. Since you asked her twice and got two different answers, in terms of validity and reliability, her advice is not
reliable
Traits of those who are intellectually gifted
socially well-adjusted, higher than normal IQ (130 or above), academically advanced, superior talent in a particular area
Norman is administering tests for a group of students in different classes. In each class, he gives the students the same instructions, the same amount of time, and he uses the sam rubric for grading. He is exhibiting
standardization
Study of Mathematically Precocious Youth found
the gifted children became major creators of new domains or revolutionized old domains
Sarah sees an older lady who is wearing glasses and has her hair styled in a bun. Sarah guesses that the lady is her school's librarian because she fit's Sarah's librarian stereotype, even though there are way more teachers than librarians at her school. Sarah has fallen prey to
the representativeness heuristic
Hindsight bias
the tendency to report falsely, after the fact, that we accurately predicted an outcome.
Ian wants his sister to drive him to the movies. He is imagining various ways of achieving this. In other words, he is
thinking
involves manipulating information mentally by forming concepts, solving problems, making decisions, and reflecting in a critical or creative manner
thinking
An IQ test is considered __________ if it actually tests cognitive ability
valid
