Ch.11 Neural Tissue Part 2

When a neurotransmitter like acetylcholine is acting in an excitatory manner which of the following is likely a result of the acetylcholine acting on the postsynaptic cell?

Chemically gated sodium channels will open.

The effect of acetylcholine can be stimulating or inhibiting. Which of the following gives the best explanation for why this is so?

Different postsynaptic cells will have different receptors.

Converging circuit

Different types of sensory input can have the same ultimate effect.

Which description of synapses is not correct?

Direct signaling involves the activation of G proteins.

True or fals: A nerve impulse occurs if the excitatory and inhibitory effects are equal.

False

Reverberating circuit

Involved in control of rhythmic activities such as breathing.

Parallel after-discharge circuit

May be involved in complex, exacting types of mental processing.

Which of the following does NOT describe the process of summation?

One EPSP fails to bring the cell to threshold.

Diverging circuit

One incoming axon triggers responses in ever-increasing numbers farther and farther along the circuit. Involved in activating fibers of a skeletal muscle such as the biceps muscle.

In a lab you are conducting tests with various chemicals and neurotransmitter receptors. You notice that exposed frog muscle cells depolarize when you add the chemical nicotine to the acetylcholine (ACh) receptors. What does this tell us about the relationship between neurotransmitters and their receptors?

The effect of a neurotransmitter is based on the properties of the receptor more than the neurotransmitter.

If a postsynaptic cell is stimulated to threshold by temporal summation this implies that ________

a presynaptic neuron is sending frequent EPSP

The mechanism by which the neurotransmitter is returned to a presynaptic neuron's axon terminal is specific for each neurotransmitter. Which of the following neurotransmitters is broken down by an enzyme before being returned?

acetylcholine

Binding of a neurotransmitter to its receptors opens __________ channels on the __________ membrane.

chemically gated; postsynaptic

Binding of the neurotransmitter to its receptor causes the membrane to __________.

either depolarize or hyperpolarize

An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is associated with ________.

hyperpolarization

When a neurotransmitter like GABA is acting in an inhibitory manner which of the following is likely a result of the GABA acting on the postsynaptic cell?

hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic cell membrane

Loss of function in the enzyme acetylcholine esterase would result in which of the following?

inability to destroy and remove acetylcholine from the synaptic cleft

What component of the reflex arc determines the response to a stimulus?

integration center

When neurotransmitter molecules bind to receptors in the plasma membrane of the receiving neuron,

ion channels in the plasma membrane of the receiving neuron open.

A molecule that carries information across a synaptic cleft is a ___.

neurotranmitter

In the brain, vision originates in the rods and cones in the retina. Separate regions of the brain decode basic information, like color, shapes, intensity of light, and there are other regions that decode information like position in space, and awareness of patterns. As you use your visual system, all of these regions are working simultaneously. This simultaneous awareness of all regions working at the same time is due to which processing pattern listed below?

parallel processing

Which of the following is NOT a type of circuit?

pre-synaptic circuits

In a synapse, neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles located in the __________.

presynaptic neuron

Which neuron circuit pattern is involved in the control of rhythmic activities such as breathing?

reverberating circuit

Which of the following describes the excitatory postsynaptic potential?

short distance depolarization

The small space between the sending neuron and the receiving neuron is the ___.

synaptic cleft

If a postsynaptic neuron is stimulated to threshold by spatial summation this implies that ________.

the postsynaptic cell has many synapses with many presynaptic neurons

If a signal from a sending neuron makes the receiving neuron more negative inside,

the receiving neuron is less likely to generate an action potential.

When calcium ions enter the synaptic terminal,

they cause vesicles containing neurotransmitter molecules to fuse to the plasma membrane of the sending neuron.

An action potential releases neurotransmitter from a neuron by opening which of the following channels?

voltage-gated Ca2+ channels

Which of the following will occur when an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is being generated on the dendritic membrane?

A single type of channel will open, permitting simultaneous flow of sodium and potassium.

Select the correct statement regarding chemical synapses. -Neurotransmitter receptors are located on the axons terminals of cells. -An action potential reaching the axon terminal causes a chemical signal to be transmitted across the synaptic cleft to the postsynaptic cell. -Cells with gap junctions use chemical synapses. -The release of neurotransmitter molecules gives cells the property of being electrically coupled.

An action potential reaching the axon terminal causes a chemical signal to be transmitted across the synaptic cleft to the postsynaptic cell.