Ch.16 and 20 review

How did Bartolemé de Las Casas affect race relations in the Americas? a. He urged better treatment of Native Americans but proposed using African laborers. b. He led a well-organized uprising against the Spanish to protest the treatment of Native Americans. c. He started a colony in present-day Arizona based on equality of all men. d. He visited the king of Spain to protest the treatment of Native Americans.

a. He urged better treatment of Native Americans but proposed using African laborers.

Quetzalcoatl a. He was a war god. b. He was depicted as a feathered serpent. c. He was a god of the Toltec and the Aztec, among others. d. His followers believed that his return would result in a golden age

a. He was a war god.

Who conquered the Aztec empire? a. Hernando Cortés b. Francisco Pizarro c. Ferdinand Magellan d. Vasco Núñez de Balboa

a. Hernando Cortés

How was Africa affected by the Atlantic slave trade? a. Many cultures lost their fittest members, and families were torn apart. b. All African countries prospered from the trade and grew to be world powers. c. Kings were able to stop rebellions with the firearms they received in trade. d. African civilizations became safer because they captured and traded away their criminals.

a. Many cultures lost their fittest members, and families were torn apart.

What was one effect in Europe of the financial success of American colonies? a. The prices of goods steadily increased. b. The prices of goods steadily decreased. c. The supply of goods increased to meet demand. d. Both the prices and supply of goods steadily increased.

a. The prices of goods steadily increased.

Where were sugar plantations located? a. West Indies b. Africa c. Spain, Portugal, the Azores, Madeira Islands d. New England, New York, Philadelphia

a. West Indies

Where in the Americas did Christopher Columbus land first? a. an island in the Caribbean Sea b. the southern tip of South America c. the coast of what is today Panama d. the eastern coast of North America

a. an island in the Caribbean Sea

As part of the Columbian Exchange, which of the following was carried west across the Atlantic? a. livestock b. tobacco c. potatoes d. tomatoes

a. livestock

Which of the following was NOT part of the noble class in Aztec society? a. merchants b. priests c. military leaders d. government officials

a. merchants

What did the West Indies export both to England and to New England, New York, and Philadelphia? a. sugar and molasses b. coins and enslaved Africans c. fruit and bills of exchange d. sugar, coins, molasses, and enslaved Africans

a. sugar and molasses

On what assumption was the encomienda system based? a. that Europeans had the right to demand labor from Native Americans b. that exposure to European culture would help educate Native Americans c. that living on Spanish plantations would convert Native Americans to Christianity d. that mestizos had more rights than full-blooded Native Americans

a. that Europeans had the right to demand labor from Native Americans

In 1428, the Aztecs joined with two other city-states - Texcoco and Tlacopan - to form a. the Triple Alliance. b. Teotihuacán. c. the orejones. d. the Incan Empire.

a. the Triple Alliance.

What was one result of the loss of native lives to disease? a. the ruin of several tobacco and sugar cane plantations b. a growing tolerance between the colonists and the natives c. fewer battles between the colonists and natives over land d. a severe shortage of labor in the colonies

d. a severe shortage of labor in the colonies

According to the charts, what did New England, New York, and Philadelphia primarily export? a. manufactured goods b. raw materials c. natural resources d. crops and fish

d. crops and fish

The potlatch ceremony was used by the peoples of the Northwest as a way to a. cure illness. b. prepare for war. c. appease the gods. d. display personal wealth.

d. display personal wealth.

What did England export? a. salt, fruit, and wines b. sugar, molasses, and fruit c. bills of exchange d. manufactured goods

d. manufactured goods

(The French and Indian War) began in 1675 when Metacom led an attack on colonial villages in Massachusetts.

F,King Philip's War

(New Netherland) covered much of what is now the midwestern United States and eastern Canada

F,New France

The Pilgrim settlers who founded (Jamestown) were mainly interested in religious freedom

F,Plymouth

Today's mestizos are descendants of (Portuguese colonists) and Native Americans.

F,Spanish colonists

The (encomiendas) were Spanish explorers who conquered and colonized areas of what are now Mexico, South America, and the United States

F,conquistadors

As part of the Columbian Exchange, corn and potatoes were carried (west across the Pacific Ocean) for the first time.

F,east across the Atlantic Ocean

According to mercantilism, a favorable balance of trade results when the value of the goods sold by a country (equals) the value of the goods bought by that country

F,exceeds (is greater than)

Most European joint-stock companies of the 1500s and 1600s were founded for the purpose of (fighting wars.)

F,founding colonies

Capitalism is an economic system based on (public) ownership of property and the investment of wealth to earn profit

F,private

In 1492, Christopher Columbus set sail (east across the Indian Ocean) in search of a trade route to Asia and its riches.

F,west across the Atlantic Ocean

Francisco Pizarro and his army defeated the Inca by killing a largely unarmed group and then kidnapping and murdering their king

T

The Dutch were ousted from North America by the (English)

T

The group known as the (Puritans) founded the colony known as Massachusetts Bay

T

The joint-stock company of the 1500s and 1600s was very similar to today's corporation.

T

What did New England, Philadelphia, and New York export to both the West Indies and Spain, Portugal, the Azores, and Madeira Islands? a. cattle and grain b. lumber and cattle c. fish, lumber, and grain d. fish and cattle

c. fish, lumber, and grain

The purpose of the Iroquois League was to a. wage war on non-Iroquois tribes. b. establish trade routes to Mesoamerica. c. promote joint defense and cooperation among tribes. d. build a city that would be a trade and military center

c. promote joint defense and cooperation among tribes.

By the A.D. 900s, the Anasazi were living in a. tepees. b. tents. c. pueblos. d. huts.

c. pueblos.

Which of the following was caused in part by a conflict over religious practices? a. the Iroquois League b. the Inca's decline c. the Aztecs' decline d. the Triple Alliance

c. the Aztecs' decline

Conquered provinces resented Aztec rule because the Aztecs a. forced conquered people to migrate. b. used conquered people as soldiers. c. used conquered people for human sacrifice. d. forced conquered people to change their agricultural methods

c. used conquered people for human sacrifice.

New business and trade practices in Europe during the 16th and 17th centuries took place (before) the establishment of colonial empires in the Americas

F, After

Montezuma II, the leader of the (Arawak people of Brazil), fell out of favor with his subjects over his response to the Spanish conquest

F,Aztec people of Mexico

As a result of the (French) and Indian War, the French seized control of nearly the entire eastern half of North America

F,English (British)

(Hernándo Cortés) marched his force of about 600 men through Mexico to conquer the Aztec Empire

T

Which of the following might have been influenced by Mesoamerican culture? a. 100-foot high, flat-topped pyramids of the Mississippian b. totem symbols c. burial mounds of the Adena and Hopewell d. pueblos of the Anasazi

a. 100-foot high, flat-topped pyramids of the Mississippian

This early culture existed in the Four Corners area. The people built huge cliff dwellings and apartment-style dwellings in villages known as pueblos. Pueblo Bonito is the one of the largest of these villages. By 1200, all of the pueblos of this culture had been abandoned

a. Anasazi

Which of the following shows the influence of the Toltecs on Aztec civilization? a. Aztecs comparing the arrival of the Spanish to the return of Quetzalcoatl b. Aztecs using farm plots on the marshy fringes of a lake c. Montezuma II reducing the number of government officials d. all of the above

a. Aztecs comparing the arrival of the Spanish to the return of Quetzalcoatl

How might the "middle passage" have gotten its name? a. It traveled through the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. b. It traveled in between, or in the middle of, all the continents. c. It was the second part, or middle part, of the triangular trade. d. The enslaved Africans traveled in the middle of the ship.

c. It was the second part, or middle part, of the triangular trade.

In what way were the Aztecs and the Northeastern Woodlands tribes similar? a. Both worshiped the Great Spirit. b. Both formed political alliances. c. Both had a written language. d. Both formed an empire.

b. Both formed political alliances.

What conclusion about manufacturing can be drawn from the charts? a. The southern colonies did all the manufacturing, which is why they needed enslaved persons. b. England did the manufacturing while other places supplied raw materials. c. New England, Philadelphia, and New York imported raw materials to make manufactured goods. d. The West Indies and Africa sent enslaved persons to England to make manufactured goods.

b. England did the manufacturing while other places supplied raw materials.

This agricultural culture of the Southwest was one of the earliest and most successful in the region. The people were influenced by the Anasazi, their neighbors to the north, as well as by Mesoamerican peoples to the south

b. Hohokam

How did slavery in African and Muslim societies differ from slavery in the Americas? a. People in African and Muslim societies could not escape their slavery. b. Slavery in the Americas was based on race and was hereditary. c. Enslaved people in African and Muslim societies could not rise socially. d. The slavery in Africa and Muslim societies was based primarily on race.

b. Slavery in the Americas was based on race and was hereditary.

The Hopewell and the Mississippian peoples were similar in what way? a. They both belonged to the Iroquois League. b. They both were Mound Builders. c. They both lived in the Pacific Northwest. d. They both lasted from A.D. 800 to the 1500s.

b. They both were Mound Builders

Toltec a. They built pyramids and temples. b. They entered into the Triple Alliance. c. They were an extremely warlike people. d. They dominated central Mexico before the Aztec did.

b. They entered into the Triple Alliance.

What was the main economic activity in New France? a. finding gold and spices b. building a fur trade c. finding religious freedom d. creating long-term colonial investments

b. building a fur trade

What was the purpose of most of the joint-stock companies of the 1500s and 1600s? a. financing wars in Africa b. funding colonies in the Americas c. paying for the building of slave ships d. funding the digging of gold mines

b. funding colonies in the Americas

What did ships transport on the "middle passage"? a. coins, enslaved Africans, and sugar b. gold and enslaved Africans c. rum, trade goods, and currency d. sugar, molasses, and enslaved Africans

b. gold and enslaved Africans

Which of the following did NOT aid the Spanish in conquering the Aztecs? a. disease b. larger forces c. native enemies d. superior weapons

b. larger forces

What prompted a wave of new businesses and trade practices in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries? a. the global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during colonization b. new wealth from the Americas and the growth in overseas trade c. people pooling their wealth for a common purpose d. European countries becoming able to sell more goods than they bought

b. new wealth from the Americas and the growth in overseas trade

The Toltecs were all of the following EXCEPT a. a Mesoamerican culture. b. the ancestors of the Aztec. c. builders of pyramids and temples. d. a warlike people who built an empire through conquest.

b. the ancestors of the Aztec.

What helped to increase the slave trade in Africa during the seventh century? a. the crusades and holy wars b. the spread of Islam into Africa c. an increase in trade between Europe and Asia d. the establishment of trade networks between Africa and Portugal

b. the spread of Islam into Africa

This culture was the last of the great Mound Builder societies that arose in the wooded lands east of the Mississippi River. The people of this culture, led by priest-rulers, constructed gigantic temple-topped pyramids. They created thriving villages based on farming and trade. The most important of these was Cahokia, where as many as 30,000 people lived.

c. Mississippian

Which places were part of all three triangular trade routes? a. England b. West Indies and southern colonies c. New England, New York, and Philadelphia d. Africa

c. New England, New York, and Philadelphia

Why did the English want to take control of New Netherland? a. As they pushed west into the continent, they collided with New Netherland. b. The Dutch and the English were longtime enemies. c. New Netherland separated England's northern and southern colonies. d. The English wanted to take control of the fur trade and the Hudson Bay.

c. New Netherland separated England's northern and southern colonies.

Which of the following areas was originally founded as a settlement by the Dutch? a. Quebec b. Montreal c. New York d. Massachusetts

c. New York

Which of the following was the first major civilization of Central Mexico? a. Toltec b. Moche c. Teotihaucán d. Chimú

c. Teotihaucán

Why did Europeans see Africans as a better a source of labor than Native Americans? a. Africans had complete immunity to all diseases, so they wouldn't die off. b. Africans had no experience in farming, so they wouldn't try to do things their way. c. Africans were strangers in the Americas, so they wouldn't have allies or places to hide. d. Africans were already Christians, so they didn't have to be converted.

c. Africans were strangers in the Americas, so they wouldn't have allies or places to hide.

Teotihuacán a. Its most valuable trade item was obsidian. b. It was organized as a city-state. c. It built an empire by conquering all of its neighbors. d. It was the first major civilization of central Mexico.

c. It built an empire by conquering all of its neighbors.

According to the policy of mercantilism, how could a nation increase its wealth? a. It should center its wealth and power in its government. b. It should spread its wealth and power among private individuals. c. It should sell more goods than it buys from other countries. d. It should buy more goods than it sells to other countries.

c. It should sell more goods than it buys from other countries.

Tenochtitlán a. It was an Aztec city. b. It was a planned city. c. It was built on an island. d. Its exact location is unknown.

d. Its exact location is unknown.

In what region did five tribes come together to create the political alliance known as the Iroquois League? a. Great Plains b. Pacific Northwest c. Southwest d. Northeastern Woodlands

d. Northeastern Woodlands

Which European country was the first to import enslaved Africans to the Americas? a. the Netherlands b. France c. England d. Spain

d. Spain

In which of the following ways did the early North American peoples view the land? a. The land was something to be owned and built upon. b. The land was something to be owned and used for agriculture. c. The land was unimportant, not something worth fighting for. d. The land was sacred, not something that could be bought and sold.

d. The land was sacred, not something that could be bought and sold.

Aztec a. They entered into the Triple Alliance. b. They were an extremely warlike people. c. They believed that their sun god needed human blood. d. They worked to establish loyalty among conquered peoples.

d. They worked to establish loyalty among conquered peoples.

According to the charts, from where did New England, New York, and Philadelphia import enslaved Africans? a. West Indies b. southern colonies and Africa c. Africa d. West Indies and southern colonies

d. West Indies and southern colonies

What did the encomienda system provide for New Spain? a. more land b. more settlers c. military protection d. a cheap labor source

d. a cheap labor source

This culture was made up of a number of eastern tribes. Despite sharing a similar environment, these tribes developed a variety of cultures and often fought over land. However, five of these tribes came together to create the political alliance known as the Iroquois League.

f. Northeastern woodland peoples

This culture included the Kwakiutl, Nootka, and Haida. Their most important resource was the sea. Differences in wealth led to the creation of social classes. Families displayed their rank and wealth by giving away food, drink, and gifts in the elaborate potlatch ceremony

g. Pacific Northwest peoples