Ch.19 Blood vessels and circulation HW & quiz questions

venules

After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the ____________.

systemic circuit

transports blood through the arteries, capillaries, and veins of the body from the left ventricle to the right atrium

efferent vessels

carry blood away from the heart

afferent vessels

carry blood to the heart, and exchange vessels exchange nutrients, dissolved gases, and wastes between the blood and interstitial fluid

arteries

Elastic fibers in the walls of which vessels are stretched as the heart beats?

By the contractions of surrounding skeletal muscles that squeeze venous blood toward the heart and the presence of valves which prevent the back flow of the blood

How is blood pressure maintained in veins to counter the force of gravity?

vascular resistance, vessel length, vessel luminal diameter, blood viscosity, and turbulence

List the factors that contribute to total peripheral resistance:

1. systemic veins 2. right atrium 3. right ventricle 4. pulmonary arteries 5. pulmonary veins 6. left atrium

Order as blood passes:

1. elastic arteries 2. muscular arteries 3. arterioles 4. capillaries 5. venules 6. medium veins 7. large veins

Order of structures that blood encounters as it flows from the heart back to the heart in the cardiovascular circuit:

concentration of plasma proteins

The blood colloid pressure mostly depends on the _________________________________.

muscular

The brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery?

veins

The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called _______.

tunica media

The layer of the arteriole wall that contains smooth muscle and can produce vasoconstriction is the ___________ _________.

arteriole

The main control of peripheral resistance by the vasomotor centers occurs in the __________.

veins

Blood pressure is lowest in the ________.

fenestrated capillaries

Capillaries with a perforated lining are called _____________ ___________.

have thinner walls

Compared to arteries, veins ___________________.

vasoconstriction

The process of decrease in any vessel diameter that occurs due to smooth muscle contraction is called ___________.

venule

The thoroughfare channel ends at the _____________.

sinusoids

The type of capillary that permits free exchange of water and solutes as large as plasma proteins are ___________.

capillary hydrostatic pressure

The vascular pressure that declines from roughly 35 mmHg to about 18 mmHg is the ____________________.

systemic venous system

These vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply

venules

Wha is the smallest venous vessel?

stage 1 hypertension

What is it called when a person has a blood pressure of 158/99?

High blood pressure leads to increased CHP, and thus filtration exceeds reabsorption

What is the relationship between high blood pressure and edema?

blood vessel diameter and length

What two factors are the most important in generating friction between blood and the walls of a vessel?

artery

Where is blood pressure highest?

right atrium

Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the systemic circuit?

arterial pressure

Which is greater; arterial pressure or venous pressure?

To allow time for diffusion between the blood and the surrounding interstitial fluid

Why is it beneficial for capillary pressure to be very low?

Capillaries

______________ are the only blood vessels whose walls are thin enough to permit blood-tissue exchange.

capillary

a small blood vessel whose thin wall permits exchange between blood and interstitial fluid by diffusion