Ch.19 Blood vessels and circulation HW & quiz questions
venules
After blood leaves the capillaries, it enters the ____________.
systemic circuit
transports blood through the arteries, capillaries, and veins of the body from the left ventricle to the right atrium
efferent vessels
carry blood away from the heart
afferent vessels
carry blood to the heart, and exchange vessels exchange nutrients, dissolved gases, and wastes between the blood and interstitial fluid
arteries
Elastic fibers in the walls of which vessels are stretched as the heart beats?
By the contractions of surrounding skeletal muscles that squeeze venous blood toward the heart and the presence of valves which prevent the back flow of the blood
How is blood pressure maintained in veins to counter the force of gravity?
vascular resistance, vessel length, vessel luminal diameter, blood viscosity, and turbulence
List the factors that contribute to total peripheral resistance:
1. systemic veins 2. right atrium 3. right ventricle 4. pulmonary arteries 5. pulmonary veins 6. left atrium
Order as blood passes:
1. elastic arteries 2. muscular arteries 3. arterioles 4. capillaries 5. venules 6. medium veins 7. large veins
Order of structures that blood encounters as it flows from the heart back to the heart in the cardiovascular circuit:
concentration of plasma proteins
The blood colloid pressure mostly depends on the _________________________________.
muscular
The brachial and femoral arteries are examples of which type of artery?
veins
The large vessels that return blood to the heart are called _______.
tunica media
The layer of the arteriole wall that contains smooth muscle and can produce vasoconstriction is the ___________ _________.
arteriole
The main control of peripheral resistance by the vasomotor centers occurs in the __________.
veins
Blood pressure is lowest in the ________.
fenestrated capillaries
Capillaries with a perforated lining are called _____________ ___________.
have thinner walls
Compared to arteries, veins ___________________.
vasoconstriction
The process of decrease in any vessel diameter that occurs due to smooth muscle contraction is called ___________.
venule
The thoroughfare channel ends at the _____________.
sinusoids
The type of capillary that permits free exchange of water and solutes as large as plasma proteins are ___________.
capillary hydrostatic pressure
The vascular pressure that declines from roughly 35 mmHg to about 18 mmHg is the ____________________.
systemic venous system
These vessels hold the largest percentage of the blood supply
venules
Wha is the smallest venous vessel?
stage 1 hypertension
What is it called when a person has a blood pressure of 158/99?
High blood pressure leads to increased CHP, and thus filtration exceeds reabsorption
What is the relationship between high blood pressure and edema?
blood vessel diameter and length
What two factors are the most important in generating friction between blood and the walls of a vessel?
artery
Where is blood pressure highest?
right atrium
Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the systemic circuit?
arterial pressure
Which is greater; arterial pressure or venous pressure?
To allow time for diffusion between the blood and the surrounding interstitial fluid
Why is it beneficial for capillary pressure to be very low?
Capillaries
______________ are the only blood vessels whose walls are thin enough to permit blood-tissue exchange.
capillary
a small blood vessel whose thin wall permits exchange between blood and interstitial fluid by diffusion
