ch.62 blood disorder

At least how many hereditary coagulation disorders exist?

30

The formed elements of blood consist of:

44% erythrocytes and 1% leukocytes

Blood is composed of ____________________.

55% plasma fluid and 45% formed elements

The plasma portion of blood is composed of:

90% water and 10% plasma proteins

Neutropenia is defined as:

A diminished number of neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes or PMNs)

A purpura is defined as:

A hemorrhage into the tissues, under the skin, and through the mucous membranes

The differential cell count is best defined as:

A record count of white blood cells that includes a separate count for each cell; the differential is used in the diagnosis of various blood disorders

Sickle cell disease is the most common genetic disorder of the blood and occurs primarily in which populations?

African American and Hispanic, Middle Eastern, or Asian Indian

Leukocytosis is:

An increase in the total number of leukocytes

Pernicious anemia is a deficiency of vitamin _____ and occurs primarily in people over ______ years of age

B12; 60

Megaloblastic anemia can result from a deficiency of either vitamin ______ or ______ or both.

B9, B12

Hemarthrosis is defined as:

Blood in the joint cavity

Which of the following is NOT one of the three main processes of blood clotting? A) Constriction of bleeding vessels B) Activity of platelets C) Bone marrow depression D) Activity of blood clotting factors

Bone marrow depression

____________ is inflammation of the tongue.

Glossitis

______________ is the volume percentage of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in whole blood.

Hematocrit

_________________ is the protein in the erythrocyte that transports molecular oxygen to blood cells.

Hemoglobin

_____________ is rupture of erythrocytes with the release of hemoglobin into the plasma.

Hemolysis

________________ is an abnormal reduction in the total number of leukocytes in the blood (count under 500 per mL).

Leukopenia

_______________ is the process by which certain cells (often phagocytes) engulf or digest smaller microorganisms and foreign particles.

Phagocytosis

Hemolysis is defined as:

Rupture of erythrocytes with the release of hemoglobin into the plasma

(1) Normal hemoglobin values range from 12 to 17.2 g per mL depending on gender. (2) High values reflect anemia and low values may indicate disease.

T/F Low values reflect anemia and high values (above normal) may indicate disease.

(1) Folate deficiency anemia can occur at any age. (2) A deficiency in folic acid can cause neural tube defects during fetal development.

T/T

Hematocrit is best defined as:

The volume percentage of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in whole blood

Which of the following is true of white blood cells?

They are called leukocytes and divided into two general groups. granulocytes and agranulocytes.

Megaloblastic anemia is characterized by

abnormally large red blood cells, many of which are oval shaped.

Polycythemia is defined as

an abnormal increase in the number and concentration of red blood cells.

Intrinsic factor is:

factor produced by the parietal cells in the stomach and aids in vitamin B12 absorption

Sickle cell disease is a __________ form of hemolytic anemia, resulting from a defective hemoglobin molecule. The name is derived from the crescent or "sickle" shape assumed by the ___________ when they become deoxygenated.

hereditary; erythrocytes

___________ is diminished availability of oxygen to body tissues.

hypoxia

A petechia is defined as:

minute, pinpoint, round, non-raised, purplish-red spot in the skin or mucous membrane

Principal types of megaloblastic anemia are:

pernicious anemia or folate deficiency anemia

A hemorrhage into the tissues, under the skin, and through the mucous membranes producing petechiae and ecchymosis, is called _____________.

purpura