Chap 1 The Human Body: An Orientation

Kidney function, bone growth, and beating of the heart are all topics of anatomy. True or False?

False. They are all topics of physiology.

The term " anatomy" is derived from the Greek words meaning?

"to cut" (tomy); "apart" (ana)

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1). d 2). a,b,c,d 3.) c 4) superior, deep, proximal, lateral, medial, posterior. 5). 1-e, 2-c, 3-i, 4-f, 5-h, 6-a, 7-b, 8-d, 9-g, 6.)c 7)c 8)c

Oxygen is a survival need. Why is it so important?

All the chemical reactions that occur in the body and release food energy require oxygen.

Why would you have a hard time learning and understanding physiology if you did not also understand anatomy?

Anatomy and physiology are related. A given function can occur only if the corresponding structure allows it

What is meant by "Gross Anatomy"?

Gross Anatomy is the studying large, easily observable structures i.e., heart, bones

Joe went to the emergency room, where he complained of severe pains in the lower right quadrant of his abdomen. What might be his problem?

Joe might have appendicitis.

What is meant by "Microscopic Anatomy"?

Microscopic Anatomy is the study of body structures that are too small to be seen with the naked eye.

When we say that the body demonstrates homeostasis, do we mean that conditions in the body are unchanging? Explain your answer

No. We mean that they vary within a narrow and regulated range.

Of the spinal cord, small intestine, uterus, and heart, which are in the dorsal body cavity?

Of these organs, only the spinal cord is in the dorsal body cabity

Define Physiology

Physiology is the study of how the body parts work or function. (physio = nature; ology = the study of)

In addition to being able to metabolize, grow, digest food, and excrete wastes, what other functions must an organism perform if it is to survive?

Survival also depends on the ability to maintain one's boundaries, to move, to respond to stimuli, and to reproduce.

What is the anatomical position, and why is it important that an anatomy student understand it?

The anatomical position is a standard position that serves as a reference point in descriptions of the body and its structures. In this position, the body is erect, feet are parallel, arms hang at the sides, and palms face forward. It's important to understand it because most descriptions of the body using anatomical terminology refer to body regions as if the body is in the actual position.

The axillary and the acromial areas are both in the general area of the shoulder. To what specific body area does each of these terms apply?

The axillary region is the armpit. The acromial region is the point of the shoulder.

At which level of structural organization is the stomach? At which level is a glucose molecule?

The stomach exhibits the organ level of structural organization. Glucose is at the chemical level.

Which organ system includes the trachea, lungs, nasal cavity, and bronchi?

These organs are part of the respiratory system

If you wanted to separate the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity of a cadaver, which type of section would you make?

To separate the thoraic and abdominal cavities, you would make a transverse section (cross section).

Define Anatomy

Anatomy is the study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships to one another.

When we begin to become dehydrated, we usually get thirsty, which causes us to drink liquids. Is the thist sensation part of a negative or a positive feedback control system? Defend your choice.

Thirst is part of a negative feedback system. Thirst prods us to drink fluids (the response), which in turn causes the thirst sensation to decrease and end. Were it a positive feedback mechanism, we would become even more thirsty (the stimulus for drinking would increase).