chapter 1
organization and adaptation.
According to Piaget's theory, two processes underlie children's cognitive construction of the world:
is not a catastrophe but a turning point of increased vulnerability and enhanced potential.
As defined by Erik Erikson, a crisis:
begins at conception and continues through the human life span.
Development can be defined as the pattern of movement or change that:
intimacy versus isolation
During early adulthood, Erik Erikson's developmental stage of _____ occurs.
eight; late adulthood.
Erik Erikson's developmental theory consists of _____ stages that last from the first year of life to:
gradual change; distinct stages.
In the continuity-discontinuity issue in development, continuity refers to _____, while discontinuity implies:
biological inheritance; environmental experiences.
In the nature-nurture issue, nature refers to an organism's _____, nurture to its _____.
preschool
Johnny is attempting to resolve the crisis of initiative vs. guilt. According to Erik Erikson, he is most likely in _____.
overemphasized sexual instincts.
Most contemporary psychoanalytic theorists believe that Sigmund Freud:
start at birth and continue through adulthood
Piaget's four stages of cognitive development:
formal operational
Sandrine is now able to use abstract thought as well as logic; Piaget would argue that she is in the _____ stage of development.
exosystem
The _____ consists of links between a social setting in which the individual does not have an active role and the individual's immediate context
mesosystem
The _____ involves relations between microsystems or connections between contexts
qualitative change
The concept of discontinuity is characterized by:
integrity versus despair.
The final stage of Erik Erikson's developmental theory is:
helping the younger generation to develop and lead useful lives
The term "generativity" as described in Erikson's seventh stage of development primarily reflects a concern for:
psychosocial
The theory that was created by Erik Erikson is known as the _____ theory of development.
culture and social interaction
Vygotsky's theory emphasizes how _____ guide(s) cognitive development.
Chronosystem
Which of Urie Bronfenbrenner's environmental systems consists of the patterning of environmental events and transitions over the life course, as well as sociohistorical circumstances?