Chapter 1: Nutrition, Food Choices, and Health
a stroke is
A decrease or loss of blood flow to the brain
A(n) ______ disease is one that develops over a long period of time.
chronic
Minerals are structurally simple, ______ substances.
inorganic
Which of the following is the main structural material in the body?
proteins
What is the kilocalorie difference between one gram of fat and one gram of carbohydrate?
5 kcal
Which of the following are major classes of essential nutrients?
Carbohydrates Lipids Water
Choose the accurate definitions of cardiovascular (heart) disease.
Characterized by the deposition of fatty material in blood vessels. Any disease of the heart and circulatory system. Disease of the vessels of the heart.
Which factors can affect our food choices?
Flavor, Advertising, Economics, Food customs
Which of the following is the best example of a chronic disease?
Heart disease
Which of the following are examples of risk factors?
Smoking, Nutritional habits, heredity
Which of the following are strategies that may help to prevent weight gain over time?
Snack on raw vegetables instead of chips or pretzels Find a workout partner Work for an employer with a wellness program
Cancer is defined as
a condition characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells.
Which of the following accurately describes the scientific method?
a testing procedure designed to detect and eliminate error
A theory is best defined as
an explanation of a phenomenon that has numerous lines of evidence by different researchers to support it.
A(n) ______ is a linkage between two atoms formed by the sharing of electrons.
bond
The medical term that refers to any disease of the heart and circulatory system is ______ disease.
cardiovascular
The participants in an experiment who are not given the treatment being tested are known as the ______ group.
control
True or false: Human experiments are the only way researchers can understand the effects of nutrients on health.
false
True or false: Osteoporosis primarily affects young people.
false
Which of the following foods are rich in phytochemicals?
fruits and vegetables
A(n) ______ provides the instructions for protein synthesis.
gene
The primary site for cardiovascular disease is the vessels of the
heart
What type of research provides the most convincing evidence about relationships between nutrients and health?
human experiments
______ is the medical term for high blood pressure.
hypertension
When a scientist suggests a possible explanation for a natural phenomenon, that explanation is called a(n)
hypothesis
Poor dietary choices and a lack of physical activity are risk factors for cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and several types of cancer. In other words, poor dietary choices and physical inactivity ______ a person's risk for many chronic diseases.
increase
A sedentary lifestyle ______ risk of developing chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
increases
A condition characterized by excess body fat called
obesity
________ is a condition characterized by excess body fat.
obesity
Name the chronic disease characterized by decreased bone mass related to the effects of aging, genetics, and poor diet.
osteoporosis
A ______ is a decrease or loss of blood flow to the brain that results from a blood clot or other change in arteries in the brain.
stroke
True or false: A condition in which blood pressure remains persistently elevated is called hypertension.
true
True or false: Cardiovascular disease occurs in the heart or blood vessels of the body.
true
True or false: Vitamins enable many chemical reactions to occur in the body.
true
______ are nutrients that provide the body with a major source of calories.
carbohydrates
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and water are all
classes of nutrients
What are structurally simple, inorganic substances that regulate body processes?
minerals
___________ is a term used when discussing aspects such as heredity, lifestyle, and nutritional choices that contribute to the development of a disease.
risk factors
