Chapter 1 - Perspectives on Maternal and Child Health Care
How do the risk factors for cardiovascular disease differ between men and women?
men have the "crushing chest" pain whereas women may have menopause, diabetes, high cholesterol levels, and left ventricular hypertrophy; repeated episodes of weight loss and gain
__________ is the measure of prevalence of a specific illness in a population at a particular time.
morbidity
The resiliency model of family stress and family adjustment and the adaptation response model identify the element of risk and _________ factors that aid a family in achieving positive outcomes.
protective
Bed rest maintained for the first 3 days postpartum
African Americans
Quiet stoic appearance of woman during labor
Asian Americans
Childbirth is viewed as a normal, natural process; entire family may be present during birth
Hispanics
Breastfeeding withheld for the first 2 to 3 days after birth
Native Americans
The nursing instructor is discussing culture with a group of nursing students. Which aspects should be included in the discussion of this topic? Select all that apply. a. A sense of personal space b. A person's race c. Primary language spoken by the family d. level of education e. religious beliefs of the individuals
a, c, e
A client who has just given birth is concerned about the high rate of infant mortality in the United States. She is anxious about the health of her child and wants to know ways to keep her baby healthy. Which recommendation would best meet this goal? a. place the infant on his or her back to sleep b. breastfeed the infant c. begin feeding of solids by age 4 months d. give the infant liquid vitamins daily
b
A recently licensed nurse is orientating to a pediatric unit in an acute care facility. The nurse is discussing causes of infant mortality with her preceptor. Which statement by the preceptor most accurately addresses this problem? a. "most infants that die during infancy are victims of abuse and neglect." b. "the most common cause of infant deaths is chromosomal abnormalities and congenital anomalies, which we have no control over." c. Most of the infant deaths I have seen are related to SIDS d. "infant death rates combine deaths from birth through the first year of life. That is why the numbers are so high."
b
The nurse is assessing a 9-year-old boy during a back-to-school check-up. Which finding is a factor for childhood injury? a. records show child weighed 2,450 g at birth b. mother reports she has abused alcohol and drugs c. the parents adopted the boy from Guatemala d mother reports the child is hostile to other children
b
The nurse is caring for a Hispanic client who is in labor. The client appears to closely follow traditional cultural behaviors. Which behavior would most likely to be noted by the nurse? a. The woman is stoic during intense contractions, showing little emotion b. The woman reports a desire to have her extended family present during the labor and delivery c. The woman defers to her husband during interactions d. The woman wishes to labor unclothed
b
The nurse is caring for a client with end-stage breast cancer. When the nurse takes chemotherapy medication into the client's room, the client state, "I'm too tired to fight any more. I don't want any more medication that may prolong my life." the client's husband is at the bedside and state, "No! You have to give my wife her medication. I can't let her go." What action by the nurse is most appropriate? a. give the medication as prescribed and make a referral to pastoral services b. explain to the husband that his wife has the right to refuse medication and care c. encourage the client to heed her husband's wishes d. state that the nurse has to give the medication unless the health care provider prescribes that the medication be stopped
b
The nurse is updating the records of a 10-year-old girl who had her appendix removed. Which action could jeopardize the privacy of the child's medical records? a. changing identification and passwords monthly b. letting another nurse use the nurse's log-in session c. closing files before stepping away from computer d. printing out confidential information for transmittal
b
Which nursing activity requires the pediatric nurse to implement the ethical principle of nonmaleficence? a. encouraging an adolescent client to take ownership of her health status independent of her parents b. weighing the potential harm caused by a child's chemotherapy with its potential benefits c. mediating between a father, who wants his infant circumcised, and the mother who is opposed d. providing empathic, holistic care to a family who has just learned that their child's prognosis is poor
b
Children's medical records are only shared with legal parents, __________, or others, with written authorization by the parents.
guardians
A group of nurses are discussing the most recent statistics on death due to prematurity in the United States. Which action, if implemented, would have the greatest impact on improving outcomes? a. track the incidence of violent crime against pregnant women b. examine health disparities between ethnic groups c. improve women's access to receiving prenatal care d. identify specific national health goals related to maternal and infant health
c
A group of women are attending a community presentation regarding the leading health concerns of women. Which interventions should the nurse recommend to have the greatest impact on the leading cause of death? a. Yearly gynecologic exams b. prompt attention to respiratory tract infections c. weight control and being knowledgeable about family history of cardiovascular disease d. regular neurologic exams to note any cognitive or behavioral changes early
c
A nurse is caring for a 31-year-old pregnant client who is subjected to abuse by her partner. The client has developed a feeling of hopelessness and does not feel confident in dealing with the situation at home, which makes her feel suicidal. Which nursing intervention should the nurse offer to help the client deal with her situation? a. counsel the client's partner to refrain from subjecting his partner to abuse b. help the client understand the legal impact of her situation to help protect her c. provide emotional support to empower the client to help herself d. introduce the client to a women's rights group.
c
The nurse is caring for a 14-year-old boy with a debilitating illness who wants to attend school. Which intervention addresses the child's physical health but not his quality of life? a. helping the child modify trendy clothing to his needs b. consulting with the school nurse at the child's school c. assessing the child's daily oxygen supplement needs d. Adapting technologies for use outside of the home
c
The nurse is caring for a pregnant Arab American woman. Which statement most accurately describes the client's potential health care beliefs? a. folk remedies are commonly used in women's health care b. the woman will participate in birthing classes as long as her husband accompanies her c. the husband makes all the healthcare decisions for the wife d. birth control is considered an acceptable method for natality limitations
c
The ability to apply knowledge about a client's culture to adapt his or her health care accordingly is known as cultural __________.
competence
What are the predictors of infant mortality?
congenital anomalies remain the leading cause; low birth weight and prematurity are other major indicators
A client tells the nurse that she is getting divorced and wants to be sure that her soon-to-be ex-husband cannot have access to her medical information. Which response would be the most accurate for the nurse to give the client? a. "Don't worry about things like that, you have too much else to worry about right now." b. "Husbands always have access to their wife's health records." c. "We have to give him access to your records in case they impact your divorce proceedings." d. "You have the right to say who can access your health records and who cannot."
d
A client who has recently given birth arrives in a health care facility wanting to know ways to prevent sudden infant death syndrome in her infant. Which instructions should the nurse provide to address the concern? a. place the infant in warm clothes b. feed the infant only breast milk c. provide very soft bedding for the crib d. place the infant on his or her back to sleep
d
A nurse is caring for a client who wishes to undergo an abortion. The nurse has concerns because abortion is against her personal convictions, and this is interfering with her professional duty. Which action should the nurse take to follow American Nurses Association's code of ethics for nurses? a. provide emotional support to the client while caring for her b. not allow her personal convictions to interfere with her profession c. involve the client's family in convincing the client against an abortion d. make arrangements for alternate care providers
d
A pregnant client come to the local health clinic for her scheduled prenatal visit. On her chart, the nurse notices that the client indicated that she resides in an extended family situation. Which arrangement would validate this information? a. she lives with her mother, step-father, and his two sons b. she lives with her best and her three children c. she lives with her husband and her daughter and son of whom she has joint custody d. she lives with her grandmother, her uncle, her mother, and her younger sister
d
The nursery nurse is preparing a consent form for the circumcision of a newborn. The mother of the child is 16 years of age. The baby's father is not participating in the care. When planning to complete the surgical consent, which action by the nurse is most appropriate? a. ask the grandmother of the newborn to sign the surgical consent b. determine if the baby's father is older than 18 years, and if so ask him to sign c. recommend that the court appoint a guardian for the baby d. ask the baby's mother to sign the surgical consent
d
The parents of a 12-year-old child preparing to undergo surgery explain to the nurse that their religious beliefs do not allow for blood transfusions. What initial action by the nurse is most appropriate? a. explain to the parents that the surgeon will make the final decision in the event a blood transfusion is needed by the child. b. ask the child what their preference will be c. contact the hospital attorney d. document the parents' request
d
The school nurse is caring for several children who witnessed an 8-year-old girl get hit by a car on the way to school. Which intervention is least important to the nursing plan of care for these children? a. determining that the children were traumatized by what they saw b. arranging for counseling for the children who saw the accident c. including friends of the injured child to receive counseling too d. making phone calls to the parents of the children counseled
d
Under certain conditions, a minor can be considered __________ and can make health care decisions independently of parents
emancipated
A ______ is a nonmusical birth companion who provides quality emotional, physical, and educational support to the woman and family during childbirth and the postpartum period.
doula
Children's temperament is categorized into three major groups: __________, difficult, and slow to warm up.
easy
The _______ is considered the basic social unit.
family
When using positive reinforcement discipline strategies, what three characteristics of feedback are pivotal for success?
for positive reinforcement to be effective, feedback must be immediate, consistent, and frequent
What are considered the major risk factors for developing breast cancer?
positive family history, aging, irregularities in the menstrual cycle, excess weight, not having children, oral contraceptive use, excessive alcohol consumption, a high-fat diet, and long-term use of hormone replacement therapy
How has the Women, Infants, Children programs supported the health of women and children?
provides nutritional supplementation and education to low-income families, women who are pregnant, postpartum or lactating, and infants and children up to age 5
__________ refers to a basic human quality involving the belief in something greater than oneself and a faith that affirms life positively.
spirituality
What is meant by maternal mortality rate?
the annual number of deaths from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management during pregnancy and childbirth or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of pregnancy, per 100,000 live births, for a specified year
More children and adolescents die from __________ injuries than from any other cause.
unintentional