Chapter 1 Terms & Learn Smart

to demonstrate credibility through performance, a manager should be able to

*apply different motivational tools *develop and lead productive teams *provide constructive feedback

lack of objectivity

Common sense can be overly subjective and lack a basis in science. In such cases we are not always able to explain or justify our reasoning to others, which is a sign that commons sense lacks objectivity

Overreliance on hindsight

Common sense works best in well-known or stable situations with predictable outcomes—what worked before should work again. But modern business situations are complex and uncertain and require adapting to change. Common sense is especially weak in responding to the unknown or unexpected. And because it focuses on the past, common sense lacks vision for the future.

Choice Process

Decide who will participate in choosing the solution

The three-step approach to solving ethical dilemmas is based on

Define the problem Identify potential causes using OB concepts and theories make recommendations and take action (if appropriate)

Sigrid is trying to determine why so many people in her department are transferring to a different department. Which of the following questions would Sigrid ask if she were focusing on person factors to determine the source of the Problem?

Do the departing coworkers have a preference for working collaboratively versus independently?

Deciding whether behaviors are good or bad, right or wrong, is a concern in the field of:

Ethics

Most illegal unethical acts are prosecuted

False

There are only a few situation factors that can impact an outcome when you are trying to accomplish something

False

Selection criteria

Identify the criteria for the decision you must make

3 step approach Step 1

Identify the problem by reviewing desired outcomes

3 step approach Step 3

Make practical recommendations

lack of rigor

People comfortable with common-sense responses may not apply the effort required to appropriately analyze and solve problems. If you lack rigor, then you are unlikely to define the problem accurately, identify the true causes, or recommend the right courses of action.

Applied approaches to selecting a solution

Resolving problems Solving problems dissolving problems

Element for selecting an effective solution

Selection criteria Consequences Choice process

Which of the following are examples of situation factors?

Stefan and his team are laid off due to company-wide downsizing Jim's manager give him a new project

problem

a difference or gap between an actual and a desired state of outcome

Interpersonal skills

active listening, positive attitudes, effective communication

it is know that the same event can

affect people differently

A CEO who wishes to run a sustainable business should take which approach?

an inclusive approach focused on people in the organization

situation factors

are all the elements outside ourselves that influence what we do, the way we do it, and the ultimate results of our actions

ethical dilemmas

are situations with two choices, neither of which resolves the situation in an ethically acceptable manner

person factors

are the infinite characteristics that give individuals their unique identities

Which of the following statements about cheating are true?

cheating takes many forms, including plagiarism Almost 60% of teens of teens polled believe they must do whatever it takes to win.

knowing which OB tools to use and under what circumstances is referred to as a(n) _______________ ___________ to managing people

contingency approach

Corporate _______is prevalent even though most leaders are dedicated to operating ethical organizations

corruption

Unethical

does not mean illegal

People and situations are

dynamic

select interpersonal skills that foster respectful interactions

effective communication active listening positive attitudes

a situation with two choices, neither of which resolve the situation in an ethically acceptable manner is called a(n)

ethical dilemmas

Which of the following are the three levels the OB distinguishes among?

group organizational individual

ethics

guides to behavior by identifying right, wrong, and the many shades of gray in between

what level of OB would be represented by studies of people quitting their jobs because of unfulfilled values?

individual

outcomes include

individual level group/team level organizational level

Select aspects of OB to be considered in an organization if many employees begin quitting their jobs

individual level characteristics group/team dynamics organizational policies

problem solving

is a systematic process for closing these gaps

knowing-doing gap

is the difference between what people know and what they actually do

Effective managers favor the contingency approach because:

it encourages the consideration of many factors that influence behavior and performance

which of the following statements about OB is true?

it goes beyond common sense

select the weaknesses of common sense

lack of objectivity lack of rigor too much dependence on hindsight

select the areas of OB that have been shown to have a powerful influence on ethical conduct at work

leader behavior organizational culture decision making

portable skills

more or less relevant in every job, at every level, and throughout your career

OB concepts to identify the right problem

person factors situation factors individual level group/team level organizational level

Inputs include

personal factors situation factors

Which of the following is an example of a person factor?

preference to work independently

select reasons people are unethical at work

pressure from supervisor reward systems that offer incentives for bad behavior personal motivation to perform

Which two of the following leaders of business schools were found by researchers to be most likely to require ethics courses

private and religiously affiliated schools' deans Female deans with backgrounds in management

the definition of a(n) _______________ is when our desired outcomes do not match the actual situation

problem

The systematic process of closing gaps between a desired outcome and actual situation is called

problem solving

Select the three common elements in choosing among alternatives to arrive at an effective solutions

selection criteria consequences choice process

Understanding who you are and what your preferences are can be improved by taking

self-assessments

knowing who you are and what you want is referred to as _____________

self-awareness

OB concepts can be applied to problem _________ to overcome challenges.

solving

interactional perspective

states that behavior is a function of interdependent person and environmental factors

OB is a scientific means for overcoming

the limits and weaknesses of common sense.

which of the following statements about constraints in selecting problem-solving solutions is true?

you should consider various constraints before making a selection

select all that are influenced by person factors

career aspirations job

The field of _____________ _____________ encompasses research and practice from various disciplines like anthropology, psychology, statistics, political science, vocational counseling, and management

organizational behavior

a person seeking to understand and manage people at work is likely to study _________________ ___________, which is an interdisciplinary field

organizational behavior

processes include

organizational level group/team level individual level

a study of graduates, including MBSs, cited which of the following as the strongest predictor of student cheating?

peer behavior

Select reasons for cheating

perceived unfairness of grading peer behavior low certainty of being reported

Having knowledge about ___________ factors is not as useful without also understanding ___________ factors.

person situation

soft skills

relate to our human interactions and include both interpersonal skills and personal attributes

Select the types of solution response

resolving dissolving solving

hard skills

technical expertise and knowledge to do a particular task or job function

3 step approach Step 2

Consider possible causes of the problem using OB knowledge

Consequences

Consider the consequences of each alternative, especially trade-offs between the pros and the cons

Careers can be tarnished by the unethical behavior of others

True

personal attributes

attitudes, personality, teamwork, leadership

Contingency Approach

calls for using OB concepts and tools that best suit the situationa, instead of trying to rely on "one best way"

organizational behavior (OB)

describes an interdisciplinary field dedicated to understanding and managing people at work

it is ____________ responsibility to confront ethical issues in the workplace

everyone's

When selecting alternative solutions, it is important to consider

who will be resisters who will be supporters resources

Which of the following best describes situation and person factors?

Unethical behavior hurts relationships and destroys trust Employees face ethical challenges throughout their careers Unethical behavior impacts cooperation and loyalty in a negative manner