Chapter 1 - The Human Body: An Orientation
Developmental anatomy studies _____ and _____ _____ throughout ____.
Anatomical; physiological development; life
Chemical level
Atoms, molecules, and organelles
Voluntary movement of ____ ____ via _____ _____.
Body parts; skeletal muscles
Catabolism (_____ _____ large substances) + Anabolism ( putting ____ substances _____ to make ____ ____) = _________
Breaking down; small; together; big ones; Metabolism
Cytology is the microscopic study of ____ using an _____ _____.
Cells; electron microscope
Organization of the human body, from the smallest level to the whole level
Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal
Organ level
Contains two or more types of tissues
_______ refers to movement at the cellular level.
Contractility
______ is the study of developments before birth.
Embryology
Physiology is the study of the _____ of _____ _____ and how they work to carry out ____-_________ activities.
Function; body parts; life sustaining
Tissue level
Groups of similar cells (specialized)
At the cellular level, reproduction involves division of cells for ______ or _____.
Growth; repair
Hyperthyroidism
Higher metabolism
Growth is an _______ in size of a body part or of organism
Increase
Digestion is the breakdown of ______ foodstuffs, followed by ______ of simple molecules into ____.
Ingested; absorption; blood
Anatomy and physiology are ______ because the principle of ______ of structure and function explains that what a structure can do depends on its _____ _____.
Inseparable; complementarity; specific form
For life to exist, separation between _____ and _____ environments must exist.
Internal; external
Surface anatomy looks at _____ structures as they relate to overlying ____ (visible muscle masses or veins seen ____ ____)
Internal; skin; on surface
Interstitial fluid exists outside of the cells in the ______ space, helps in exchange of _____, _____, and _____.
Interstitial; nutrients; gases; waste
Hypothyroidism
Lower metabolism
Gross or ______ anatomy is the study of ____, ____ structures.
Macroscopic; large; visible
Maintenance of life involves 8 things:
Maintaining boundaries Movement Responsiveness Digestion Metabolism Excretion Reproduction Growth
Excretion is the removal of wastes from ______ and _____.
Metabolism; digestion
______ anatomy deals with structures too small to be seen by the ____ ____.
Microscopic; naked eye
Over time, _________ ________ determines functional structures.
Natural selection
At the _______ level, ______ is the production of offspring.
Organismal; reproduction
Organ system level
Organs that work closely together
Urea comes from the breakdown of _____, _____ _____ comes from metabolism, and feces come from _____ _____.
Proteins; carbon dioxide; unabsorbed foods
Responsiveness is the ability to ____ and ____ to stimuli.
Sense; respond
Cellular level
Single cell
Anatomy is the study of the _____ of _____ _____.
Structure; body parts
Involuntary movement of _____ via _____ muscle (blood) and _____ muscle (digestion, urination).
Substances; cardiac; smooth
____ anatomy looks at just ____ ____ system (nervous, muscular, etc.)
System; just one
Histology is the microscopic study of ____ (muscular, nervous, connective, epithelial).
Tissues
______ reflex prevents injury/death.
Withdrawal
Organismal level
All organ systems combined to make the whole organism
Metabolism is ____ chemical reactions that occur in ____ ____.
All; body cells
Regional anatomy looks at ____ structures in a ______ area of the body.
All; particular