Chapter 10- quiz

The lifetime prevalence rate of depression in adolescents is as high as ____. 5% 40% 20% 7%

20%

Which disorder is least likely to co-occur with bipolar disorder in young people? ADHD Anxiety disorders Mental retardation Substance abuse

Mental retardation

Prevalence estimates for major depressive disorder in all children ages 4 to 18 range from ____. 2% to 8% 10% to 15% 0.3% to 1% 20% to 25%

NOT: 20% to 25% 10% to 15%

The fact that depression occurs in many youngsters who do not experience loss or rejection, and does not occur in many children who do, is support against which theory of depression? Psychodynamic Attachment Behavioral Cognitive

NOT: Attachment Cognitive

Which of the following occurs more frequently in younger than older individuals? Irritability Phobias Somatic complaints Depressed appearance

NOT: Phobias Somatic complaints

Which symptom interferes with normal youth development of interpersonal relationships? Agitation Social withdrawal Sleeplessness Somatic complaints

Social withdrawal

Which of the following statements about suicide is NOT true? - Most youngsters with depression report suicidal thinking. - Suicide attempts of youngsters with depression almost never occur during times when they are symptom-free. - Suicidal attempts are only specific to depression. - Drug overdose and wrist cutting are the most common means for adolescents who attempt suicide.

Suicidal attempts are only specific to depression.

The increase in depression from preschool to elementary school is not likely to be a reflection of ____. growing cognitive capacity biological maturation increased performance and social pressures growing self-awareness

biological maturation

Children with major depressive disorder are at greater risk than adults for developing ____. bipolar disorder panic disorder schizophrenia somatoform disorder

bipolar disorder

A state of prolonged bouts of sadness is called ____. depression dysphoria anhedonia dysthymia

dysphoria

Youngsters who have an onset of depression prior to age 15 and a recurrent episode prior to age 20 are likely to ____. have severe depression as a teen and poor psychosocial outcomes as a young adult have mild depression as a younger teen recover from their depressive episode faster in adulthood have mild depression as a teen, but chronic depression as an adult

have severe depression as a teen and poor psychosocial outcomes as a young adult

Which diagnosis is a child least likely to receive? Bipolar II disorder Bipolar I disorder Cyclothymic disorder Major depressive disorder

Bipolar I disorder

The most successful treatment/s for major depressive disorder is/are ____. psychoanalytic therapy nondirective supportive therapy family therapy CBT and IPT-A

CBT and IPT-A

Which of the following is NOT a type of disorder associated with depression? Major depressive disorder (MDD) Chronic depressive symptoms disorder (CDSD) Persistent depressive disorder (P-DD) Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD)

Chronic depressive symptoms disorder (CDSD)

Which of the following regarding bipolar disorder in young people is false? Manic episodes in their fully developed state are clearly different than usual behavior. Rates of bipolar disorder are higher in clinical samples. Girls are more commonly diagnosed with bipolar disorder than boys. Bipolar disorder is extremely rare in young children.

Girls are more commonly diagnosed with bipolar disorder than boys.

Depression-prone individuals tend to make ______ attributions for the causes of negative events. internal, stable, and global external, stable, and specific internal, unstable, and specific external, unstable, and global

internal, stable, and global

Brain imaging studies in adolescents with bipolar disorder point to abnormalities in parts of the brain that ____. control memory regulate sleep patterns plan executive functions regulate emotion

regulate emotion

Which theory of depression claims that depression is related to a lack of response-contingent positive reinforcement? Cognitive Psychodynamic Attachment Behavioral

Behavioral

A recent study found that in transition from adolescence to young adulthood, depressive symptoms were highest for which ethnic/racial groups? Caucasian and Asian Caucasian and African American Hispanic and African American Hispanic and Asian

Hispanic and Asian

Which of the following is least likely to be a symptom of MDD? Hyperactivity Insomnia Diminished ability to think or concentrate Significant weight loss or gain

Hyperactivity

Which of these diagnostic statements about DMDD is false? Associated moods must have an onset prior to age 10 It cannot coexist with a diagnosis of MDD It cannot coexist with a diagnosis of BP It cannot coexist with a diagnosis of ODD.

It cannot coexist with a diagnosis of MDD

Which of the following statements about DMDD is true? It does not have a significant effect on peer relationships. It occurs fairly evenly between males and females. Effective courses of treatment for DMDD are unknown. It has high comorbidity with BP.

NOT: It has high comorbidity with BP.

In general, brain activity in youths with depression is LESS active than normal in regions of the brain associated with which of the following? Learning and recalling emotion-arousing memories Mediating stress responses Sensory processes Recognizing and regulating emotions

NOT: Recognizing and regulating emotions

Dr. Smith prescribes Sally a certain medication for the treatment of bipolar disorder; it causes weight gain. Which treatment is Sally taking? Valproate Risperidone Fluoxetine Alprazolam

NOT: Risperidone

The most prevalent co-occurring disorder/s with dysthymic disorder is/are ____. conduct disorders major depressive disorder ADHD anxiety disorders

NOT: anxiety disorders

Children or adolescents who display numerous and persistent hypomanic and depressive symptoms can be classified as having ____. bipolar I disorder double depression cyclothymic disorder bipolar II disorder

NOT: bipolar I disorder bipolar II disorder

Children of depressed parents have a higher rate of ____. sexual abuse eating disorders conflict with siblings physical injuries

NOT: eating disorders conflict with siblings

The increase in depression in young people has been attributed, at least in part, to: media influences leading children to feel hopeless about the future. rapid social change leading to increased stress levels for young people. poorer childhood nutrition leading to disrupted neurological development. increased awareness of symptoms of depression in youth leading to an increase in the number of children seen in clinics for diagnoses.

NOT: increased awareness of symptoms of depression in youth leading to an increase in the number of children seen in clinics for diagnoses.

The most frequent co-occurring disorder(s) in clinic-referred youngsters with major depressive disorder is/are ____. anxiety disorders conduct disorders ADHD somatoform disorders

NOT: somatoform disorders

The increased risk for depression among adolescent girls compared to boys has been attributed to ____. their tendency to use ruminative coping styles to deal with stress changes in brain structure gender identity issues less willingness to cooperate

NOT: their tendency to use ruminative coping styles to deal with stress changes in brain structure gender identity issues

What is not a typical characteristic of families of children with depression? Less warmth Poor communication Underinvolvement Less support

Underinvolvement

The "cognitive triad" refers to ____. - the three parts of the brain that process information - the three cognitive theorists who have advanced our understanding of depression - a depressed individual's negative outlook about one's self, the world, and the future - attending to, processing, and interpreting information

a depressed individual's negative outlook about one's self, the world, and the future

Information-processing biases displayed by depressed individuals ____. are based on poor faulty memory systems are negative effortful thoughts often include thoughts of past accomplishments are errors in thinking in specific situations

are based on poor faulty memory systems

The ____ theory of depression focuses on parental separation and disruption of a bond as predisposing factors for depression. psychodynamic behavioral attachment cognitive

attachment

The increase in depression from childhood to adolescence appears to be largely a result of ____. increased cognitive capacity biological maturation substance use growing self-awareness

biological maturation

A therapy for young people that focuses on helping the youth become more aware of pessimistic and negative thoughts, as well as causal attributions of self-blame for failure, is known as ____. behavior therapy CBT ITP-A cognitive therapy

cognitive therapy

The earlier concept of "masked" depression was that ____. depression could be "masked" or concealed by a variety of other behaviors, and thus, any clinical symptom could be evidence of underlying depression children wear a characteristic "mask" of depression, including downcast eyes and downturned mouth children purposely conceal or "mask" their depression so as to avoid treatment depression is difficult to diagnose in children because they "mask" their feelings with a happy face

depression could be "masked" or concealed by a variety of other behaviors, and thus, any clinical symptom could be evidence of underlying depression

Anaclitic depression was the term used by Renee Spitz in the 1940s to describe the pattern of behavior he saw in ____. abused toddlers pregnant adolescents bereaved children emotionally deprived infants

emotionally deprived infants

The only SSRI that is currently FDA approved for the treatment of depression in children is ____. none are approved fluoxetine (Prozac) paroxetine (Paxil) sertraline (Zoloft)

fluoxetine (Prozac)

Common symptoms of BP that are present in years preceding an initial manic episode include all of the following EXCEPT ___________. insomnia lethargy or lack of energy indecisiveness diminished ability to think

lethargy or lack of energy

Adolescent girls may be at higher risk for depression if they have a history of ____. under average height lower levels of testosterone and estrogen at puberty longer friendships with others who are depressed interpersonal stress and lack of social support

longer friendships with others who are depressed

Regarding bipolar disorder, boys display ____. more manic behaviors than girls more severity than girls later onset than girls more depressed mood than girls

more manic behaviors than girls

The earlier and mistaken belief that children could not suffer from depression was rooted in ____. biological findings psychoanalytic theory cognitive theory behavioral theory

psychoanalytic theory

A history of depression during the school years increases the risk for later ____. suicidal behavior resilience aggressive behavior underemployment

suicidal behavior

Due to recent findings of possible increased risk of suicide and self-harm of young people using SSRIs to treat depression, the FDA has mandated ____. that SSRIs be prescribed in combination with psychotherapy warning labels on medication and patient education guides that children and adolescents should not be prescribed SSRIs parents be well-informed and monitor their children closely

warning labels on medication and patient education guides