Chapter 11

What are three personality characteristics that may be particularly important in a team?

1. Agreeable: team building, more cooperative 2. Conscientious: task, getting the work done, standard setter 3. Extroverts: status strivers, individualistic

Be able to distinguish between the four types of task interdependence.

1. Comprehensive Interdependence - Form of task interdependence in which team members have a great deal of discretion in terms of what they do and with whom they interact in the course of the collaboration involved in accomplishing the team's work. 2. Pooled Interdependence (group members complete their work assignments independently, and then this work is simply "piled up" to represent the group's output) 3. Sequential Interdependence (different tasks are done in a prescribed order, and the group is structured such that the members specialize in these tasks) 4. Reciprocal Interdependence (members are specialized to perform specific tasks, and members interact with a subset of other members to complete the team's work)

10. What are the three types of tasks related to how important individual member ability levels are to the success of the group?

1. Disjunctive Tasks: only need one person with high ability to finish task 2. Conjunctive Tasks: everyone needs a high level of ability to finish tasks (strongest as the weakest link) 3. Additive Tasks: like pooled interdependence, take each separate performance and put them together, low performer can be taken up for by the higher performer

What are the three ways to distribute outcomes in a group situation?

1. Equal outcomes - Ex. everyone gets a $1000 bonus 2. Individual performance - Ex. Evaluation and pay raise 3. Based on percentage of salary - % of salary

What is the difference between task, goal and outcome interdependence?

1. Task interdependence - degree to which team members interact with and rely on the other team members for information, materials, and resources. 2. Goal interdependence - Team members are linked by goals. High degree exists when members have a shared vision of the team's goal and align their individual goals with that vision as a result. 3. Outcome interdependence - How members are linked to one another in terms of the feedback and outcomes they receive as a consequence of working in the team. High degree exists when team members share in the rewards that the team earns.

What are the two perspectives on diversity as it relates to team success?

1. Value in diversity problem-solving approach: different experience have more to offer; theory that supports team diversity because it provides a larger pool of knowledge and perspectives. 2. Similarity-attraction approach:relying on surface-level (must be overcame to reach diversity); counterproductive because people tend to avoid interacting with others who are unlike them.

Be familiar with the five types of teams and how they differ in terms of purpose or activities, life span, and level of member involvement.

1. Work teams - produce goods or provide services. High member involvement. Long life span and high member involvement. Ex. Maintenance team, production team 2. Management team - Integrate activities of subunits across business functions. Long life span and moderate member involvement. Ex. Top management team. 3. Parallel team - Provide recommendations and resolve issues. Life span varies. Low member involvement. Ex. Quality circle. 4. Project team - Produce a one-time output. Life span varies. Member involvement varies. Ex. Product design team. 5. Action team - Perform complex tasks that vary in duration and take place in highly visible or challenging circumstances. Life span varies. Member involvement varies. Ex. Surgical team.

Be familiar with the five stages of group development.

1. forming - first stage - members try to get a feel for what is expected of them, what behaviors are "out of bounds" and who is in charge. 2. storming- 2nd stage - during which conflict occurs due to members ongoing commitment to ideas they bring with them to the team. 3. norming - 3rd stage- members realize that they need to work together to accomplish team goals and consequently begin to cooperate. 4. performing - 4th stage - members are comfortable working within their roles and team makes progress towards goals. 5. adjourning - 5th stage - members experience anxiety and other emotions as the disengage and ultimately separate from the team.

1. What is the difference between a group and a team?

Groups accomplish certain goals or meet certain needs; a collection of two or more people. Teams work intensely together to achieve a specific common goal or objective; two or more people who work interdependently over some time period to accomplish common goals related to some task-oriented purpose.

How does team size impact team success?

Having a greater number of members is beneficial for management and project teams but not for teams engaged in production tasks. -Management and project teams engage in work that is complex and knowledge intensive, benefit more people. -Production teams tend to engage in routine tasks that are less complex so having more people doesn't make sense.

What is punctuated equilibrium?

Sequence of team development during which not much gets done until the halfway point of a project, after which teams make necessary changes to complete the project on time. Pattern of evolution in which long stable periods are interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change

How do surface- level and deep level diversity relate to these two approaches ?

Surface level diversity: what you can see (race gender, age, disability, religion) Deep level diversity: what you can't see (personality, values, beliefs)

Be familiar with the various task, team-building, and individualistic roles that might exist in a team

Team Task: acquire the goal; initiator-contributer, coordinator, orienter, Devil's advocate, procedual-technician. Team Building Roles: build relationships; encourager, harmonizer, compromiser, gate keeper, expeditor, standard setter, follower Individualistic Roles: don't help common purpose; aggressor, blocker, recognition seeker, self-confessor, slacker, dominator

What are virtual teams?

Teams that work together over time and distance via electronic media to combine effort and achieve common goals