Chapter 11 | Properties of the Hair and Scalp

A mature strand of human hair is divided into two parts:

1. The root - located below the surface of the epidermis 2. The Hair Shaft - the portion of hair that projects above the epidermis.

What is the average growth of healthy scalp hair per month?

1/2 inch (1.25 cm)

How many hairs does it he average head of hair contain?

100,000

Dry stretches about __________ of its length

20%

What is the average hair density per one square inch?

2200

How long does the anagen phase generally last?

3-5 years

The average rate of hair loss hairs per day is?

35-40 hairs per day

Wet hair with normal elasticity stretches up to what percentage of its original length w out breaking?

50%

How many pounds of dead skin does the average person shed each year?

9 lbs

What percentage of the total weight of hair comes from the cortex?

90%

A strong, chemical side bond that joins the sulfur atoms of two neighboring cysteine amino acids to create one cystine?

A disulfide bond

What percentage of scalp hair is in the telogen phase at any one time?

A little less than 10%

Which of the following is not a cause of dry hair and scalp?

Active sebaceous glands

At what age and what percentage of men and women show some degree of hair loss?

Age 35, 40%

What is abnormal hair loss called?

Alopecia

What is the autoimmune disorder that causes the affected hair follicles to be mistakenly attacked by a persons own immune system?

Alopecia areata

Alopecia areas that progresses to total scalp hair loss is called _____________.

Alopecia totalis

Units that are joined together and makeup proteins

Amino acids

The growth phase of new hair

Anagen

What is the result of genetics, age, or hormonal changes that cause terminal hair to vellus hair?

Androgenic alopecia

What can cause premature gray hair?

Anxiety and illness

Small, involuntary muscle in the base of the hair follicle.

Arrector pili muscle

Which muscle causes goosebumps when it contracts due to strong emotions or a cold sensation?

Arrector pili muscle

When does scalp hair tend to grow most rapidly?

Between the ages of 15 and 30

Technical term for gray hair

Canities

What are the main elements that makeup human hair and their percentage in normal hair?

Carbon 51% Oxygen 21% Hydrogen 6% Nitrogen 17% Sulfur 5%

An inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci

Carbuncle

The transition period between the growth and resting phases

Catagen

Which hair texture has the largest diameter?

Coarse hair

Which hair texture usually requires extra processing when applying a product like hair color?

Coarse hair texture

What are the classifications of hair texture?

Coarse, medium, fine

What is the degree of porosity directly related to?

Condition of cuticle layer

What are the two types of cranities?

Congenital and acquired

Name some causes of dry scalp

Contact dermatitis, sunburn, extreme age, cold dry climate

List the ways head lice are transmitted from an infected person to a non infected person

Contact with infested hats, combs, brushes and other personal articles

In what layer of the hair do changes involving oxidation hair coloring, set setting, thermal styling, permanent waving, and chemical hair relaxing take place?

Cortex

Due to a particular pattern on hair stream on the forehead

Cowlick

What are the 3 main layers of the hair shaft?

Cuticle, cortex, medulla

Describe overly porous hair

Damaged, dry, fragile and brittle

What is the difference between dry scalp and dandruff?

Dandruff produces on oily scalp, dry scalp produced by dry scalp

Small, cone-shaped elevation located at the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb.

Dermal papilla

Which part of the hair root contains the blood and nerve supply that provides the nutrients needed for hair growth?

Dermal papilla

Name 3 different hair properties for which the cortex is responsible.

Elasticity of hair, natural color, chemical changes

What are possible treatments for hypertrichosis?

Electrolysis, laser hair removal, shaving, tweezing

How are the hair's strong chemical side bonds broken?

Extreme heat and thermal styling

True or False | Scalp massage increases hair growth

False

True or False | Shaving, clipping and cutting the hair makes it grow back faster, darker and coarser

False

True or False: Hair is a living thing

False

True or False: More than one hair will never grow from a single follicle

False

True or False: The medulla is involved in salon services

False

True or False: gray hair is coarser and more resistant than pigmented hair

False

True or false | Ringworm is caused by a parasite

False

True or false | all hair on a persons head has the same texture

False

An oral prescription medication for men only and is more effective and convenient than its nonprescription counterpart is ______________.

Finasteride

Which hair texture has the smallest diameter and is more fragile?

Fine hair

In extremely curly hair, cross-sections appear ______________ and vary in shape and thickness along their length.

Flattened

On adults, vellus hair is usually found on the ______________.

Forehead, eyelids and bald scalp

Technical term for brittle hair

Fragilitas crinium

What can be done to control dandruff?

Frequent use of antidandruff shampoo

An acute, localized bacterial infection of the hair follicle

Furuncle

What is the result of natural wave patterns?

Genetics

How is gray hair different from other hair colors?

Gray hair contains only a few scattered melanin granules

Oily hair and scalp is characterized by __________

Greasy build up on scalp and oily coating on hair

What must all professional hair services base a thorough understanding on?

Growth, structure and composition of hair

The tube-like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root,

Hair Follicle

The thickened, club-shaped structure that forms the lower part of the root.

Hair bulb

What is the lowest part of the hair strand?

Hair bulb

What is the outermost layer of the hair?

Hair cuticle

What consists of a single overlapping layer of transparent, scale-like cells that look like shingles on a roof?

Hair cuticle layer

Hair flowing in the same direction

Hair stream

Describe the most common permanent treatment for hair loss

Hair transplant

The spiral shape of a coiled protein

Helix

In a porosity check, if the hair feels very rough, dry or breaks it is considered ___________.

Highly porous

A weak, physical, cross-link side bond that is easily broken by water or heat

Hydrogen bond

Polypeptide chains are cross-linked like the rings on a ladder by 3 different types of side bonds called:

Hydrogen bond, salt bond, disulfide bond

Resistant to being penetrated by moisture

Hydrophobic

Easily absorbs moisture

Hydrophollic

A condition of abnormal growth of hair

Hypertrichosis

Mustaches and light beards are an example of what?

Hypertrichosis

Oily hair and scalp is caused by what?

Improper shampooing or overactive sebaceous glands

What can dry hair and scalp be caused by?

Inactive sebaceous glands, excessive shampooing

Which of the following statements is true of hair with low elasticity?

It may not hold a permanent wave as easily

What does tinea look like?

Itching scales, painful circular lesions

What is the maturation of cells process called?

Keratinization

Men retain ___________ vellus hair than women

Less

Chemical services performed on overly porous hair require ___________

Less alkaline solutions with a lower pH

What percentage of scalp hair is in the catagen phase at any one time?

Less than 1%

Extremely curly hair often has __________ elasticity.

Low

Hair density can be classified as

Low, medium, high

What fungi is dandruff a result of?

Malasseaia

What is androgenic alopecia that progresses to the familiar horse shoe shaped fringe of hair called?

Male pattern baldness

Which hair texture is the most common and is the standard to which other hair is compared to?

Medium hair

What is the innermost layer of the hair and is composed of round cells?

Medulla

What are the tiny grains of pigment in the cortex that give natural color to the hair?

Melanin

Which layer of the hair is the cortex?

Middle layer

How many people does androgenic alopecia affect in the United States?

Millions

A topical medication put on scalp twice a day, sold over counter as nonprescription is ____________.

Minoxidil

What are the only two products proven to stimulate hair growth?

Minoxidil and finasteride

Technical term for beaded hair

Monilethrix

Describe vellus hair.

Never has a medulla. It's found on infants and can be present on children.

Hair follicles are distributed all over the body, with the exceptions of:

Palms of hands & soles of feet

The infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice

Pediculosia capitis

The strong, chemical bond that joins amino acids

Peptide bond

Technical term for dandruff

Pityriasis

List the two principle types of dandruff and give their characterizations

Pityriasis capitis simplex - scalp irritation, large flakes, itchy scalp Pityriasis Streatoids - accumulation of greasy or waxy scales

A long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Polypeptide chain

In a porosity check, if you can feel slight toughness, the hair is considered ___________.

Porous

What is hair composed of that grows from cells originating within the hair follicle?

Protein

Which hair color typically has the lowest density

Red

In a porosity check, if the hair feels smooth and the cuticle is _________

Resistant

Characterized by alternating bands of gray and pigmented hair.

Ringed hair

What is a weak, physical, cross linked side bond between adjacent polypeptide chain?

Salt bonds

Cause by a parasite called a mite

Scabies

Where is terminal hair found?

Scalp, legs, arms

Which of the following conditions has a distinctive color?

Scutula

The oil glands in the skin that are connected to the hair follicles.

Sebaceous glands

What is the fatty/oily substance that sebaceous glands secrete which lubricates the skin?

Sebum

If you hold the end of a single strand of hair in one hand and then grasp it between the thumb and forefinger of the other hand and move them down the hair shaft, the hair will feel:

Sleek and smooth

Wave patterns can be described as...

Straight, wavy, curly or extremely curly

The resting phase

Telogen

List and define the 4 most important factors to consider in hair analysis

Texture - thickness of hair Density - number of hair strands per square inch Porosity - absorb Elasticity - hair stretch

What does a healthy cuticle layer protect?

The inner structure of the hair as it lies tightly against the cortex

Describe terminal hair

The long, coarse, pigmented hair

What does tinea Barbae affect?

The skin

Why are pregnant women warned against having any contact with the oral prescription medication used to treat hair loss in men?

The strong potential for birth defects

Technical term for ring worm

Tinea

Fungal infection characterized by red papules, or spots, at the opening of the hair follicles

Tinea capitis

Dry, sulfur yellow, cup like crusts on the scalp called scutula

Tinea favosa

Why must oxidation hair colors, permanent waving solutions, and chemical hair relaxers have an alkaline pH?

To penetrate the cuticle layer because a high pH swells the cuticle and causes it to lift and expose the cortex

What is the study of hair and it's diseases and care?

Trichology

Technical term for split ends

Trichoptilosis

Technical term for knotted hair

Trichorrhexix nodosa

True or False | All male beard hair contains a medulla

True

True or False | Tinea is contagious

True

True or False | Under normal circumstances, everyone loses some hair every day.

True

True or False: A cross-section of hair can be almost any shape, and its shape does not necessarily relate to the amount of curl or the shape of the follicle

True

True or False: All hair follicles are capable of producing either vellus or terminal hair, depending on genetics, age, and hormones.

True

True or false | hair growth patterns are caused by follicles that grow perpendicular to the scalp

True

True or false | hair texture always indicates the hairs porosity

True

What are the two types of hair found on the body?

Vellus and terminal

What is referred to as the shape of the hair strand?

Wave pattern

Hair stream that spirals outward from a central point?

Whorl

What no medical options can a hairstylist offer to counter hair loss?

Wigs, toupees, hair weaving and hair extensions