Chapter 11 Sociology

. Which subordinate group is often referred to as the "model minority?"

Asian Americans

Many Arab Americans face _______________, especially after 9/11.

Islamophobia

Amalgamation is represented by the _____________ metaphor.

Melting pot

Which federal act or program was designed to allow more Hispanic American immigration, not block it?

The Bracero Program

. The racial term "African American" can refer to:

a black person living in the United States, people whose ancestors came to the US through the slave trade, a white person who originated in Africa and now lives in the US

the process by which a minority group and a majority group combine to form a new group

amalgamation

Ethnicity describes shared

beliefs, language, religion

What is discrimination?

biased actions against an individual or group

Which of the following is an example of a numerical majority being treated as a subordinate group?

blacks under apartheid in South Africa

the belief that one type of skin tone is superior or inferior to another within a racial group

colorism

the theory that prejudice is embedded in our culture

culture of prejudice

prejudiced action against a group of people

discrimination

a group of people who have more power in a society than any of the subordinate groups

dominant group

Scapegoat theory shows that:

dominant groups blame subordinate groups for their problems

shared culture, which may include heritage, language, religion, and more

ethnicity

the act of a dominant group forcing a subordinate group to leave a certain area or even the country

expulsion

Why did most white ethnic Americans come to the United States?

for a better life, to escape oppression

. Which intergroup relation displays the least tolerance?

genocide

the deliberate annihilation of a targeted (usually subordinate) group

genocide

racism embedded in social institutions

institutional racism

theory that suggests we cannot separate the effects of race, class, gender, sexual orientation, and other attributes

intersection theory

What is the one defining feature of a minority group?

lack of power

any group of people who are singled out from the others for differential and unequal treatment

minority group

the ideal of the United States as a "salad bowl:" a mixture of different cultures where each culture retains its own identity and yet adds to the "flavor" of the whole

pluralism

biased thought based on flawed assumptions about a group of people

prejudice

. Stereotypes can be based on:

race, ethnicity, gender

the use by law enforcement of race alone to determine whether to stop and detain someone

racial profiling

the act of real estate agents directing prospective homeowners toward or away from certain neighborhoods based on their race

racial steering

a set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices that are used to justify the belief that one racial category is somehow superior or inferior to others

racism

the practice of routinely refusing mortgages for households and business located in predominately minority communities

redlining

a theory that suggests that the dominant group will displace its unfocused aggression onto a subordinate group

scapegoat theory

the intergenerational impact of de facto and de jure racism that limits the abilities of black people to accumulate wealth

sedimentation of racial inequality

the physical separation of two groups, particularly in residence, but also in workplace and social functions

segregation

the school of thought that race is not biologically identifiable

social construction of race

oversimplified ideas about groups of people

stereotypes

Speedy Gonzalez is an example of

stereotyping

a group of people who have less power than the dominant group

subordinate group

What makes Native Americans unique as a subordinate group in the United States?

they are the only group that did not come here as immigrants

As a Caucasian in the United States, being reasonably sure that you will be dealing with authority figures of the same race as you is a result of:

white privilege

the benefits people receive simply by being part of the dominant group

white privilege

. What intergroup relationship is represented by the "salad bowl" metaphor?

Pluralism

What doctrine justified legal segregation in the South?

Separate but equal

the process by which a minority individual or group takes on the characteristics of the dominant culture

assimilation

Which of the following is the best explanation of racism as a social fact?

it does not need the actions of individuals to continue

the stereotype applied to a minority group that is seen as reaching higher educational, professional, and socioeconomic levels without protest against the majority establishment

model minority