Chapter 12: Family - Questions Inquisitive and Definitions

What is the impact of natural differences between siblings, in poor families, on the children's later lives? Is the impact greater, less, or about the same as in well-off families?

It is greater

Which items represent consequences for children when parents divorce, according to The Unexpected Legacy of Divorce, by Judith Wallerstein, et al (2000)?

1. higher rates of depression 2. difficulty forming long-term relationships 3. low self-esteem

Which factors make neglect and abuse of children by caregivers more likely?

1. low educational attainment by parents 2. a one-parent family arrangement 3. poverty

Which items correctly describe the preindustrial family?

1. minimal division of labor between the sexes 2. needs met by bartering with other families

How does the fact that, on average, working women earn less than men affect the division of labor at home when it comes to household chores?

1. Women's leisure time has gone down because of the "second shift" phenomenon. 2. It makes women more likely to take on the majority of the chores. 3. It makes men more likely to do at least some of the chores.

Which of the following persons, if residing in the U.S., would qualify as Latino, according to the U.S. Census Bureau?

1. a person of Asian ancestry born and raised in Mexico 2. a Caucasian person born and raised in Spain 3. a person of Colombian ancestry born and raised in Japan 4. a person of Panamanian ancestry born and raised in the U.S.

What are some causes of the high rate of teen motherhood in the U.S. Latino population?

1. early marriage 2. low incomes 3. conservative religious views

Which findings can be supported by research studies?

1. A mother working outside the home in the early years of a child's life leads to higher cognitive achievement and fewer behavioral problems. 2. A mother working outside the home in the early years of a child's life leads to lower cognitive achievement and increased behavioral problems. 3. A mother working outside the home decreases the gap between boys' and girls' adult incomes.

What would be a reasonable explanation for the downward trend in the divorce rate starting in about 1980?

1. Americans are getting married later, when they are more mature. 2. Fewer people are getting married, so fewer people are getting divorced

In this video, sociologist Andrew Cherlin reflects on the place of marriage in American culture. Which items play a role in Cherlin's explanation of the paradoxically high divorce rates in a population that claims to value marriage highly?

1. Americans are individualistic in their life expectations. 2. Americans have a traditionalist outlook that dates back to Colonial times.

List the ethnicities in the U.S. in order of their rates of exogamy, starting with the one with the highest rate.

1. Asian- Americans 2. Latinos 3. Blacks 4. Whites

In which ways do same-sex couples display a greater appreciation for the value of housework than traditional heterosexual couples do?

1. In same-sex households there is a more equal division of housework labor. 2. Same-sex couples devote more total time and energy to housework.

What changes did families undergo in the 1950s, compared to earlier times?

1. Men and women got married sooner. 2. The divorce rate dipped. 3. Home ownership increased. 4. Average family size increased.

Which advantages do men enjoy over women when it comes to housework?

1. Men are praised for "helping out." 2. Men's chores take up less total time. 3. Men are freer to choose the chores they like. 4. Men's chores are on a more flexible schedule.

Conley contrasts a couple he calls "Ozzie and Harry" with the eponymous couple in the 1950s TV show The Adventures of Ozzie and Harriet (shown). In which ways do Ozzie and Harry differ from Ozzie and Harriet?

1. Ozzie and Harry are of different ethnicities. 2. Ozzie and Harry are a same-sex couple.

What is true of the child raising arrangements of the Na people of southern China?

1. Sex involves no commitment to a partnership. 2. There is no marriage institution.

Which characteristics are not just typical of a traditional nuclear family, consisting of a married heterosexual couple and their children, but are also part of the definition?

1. The father works outside the home. 2. There is at least one child. 3. The mother is a full-time homemaker.

What were the consequences of the industrial-era shift in which men became the principal breadwinners in families?

1. Women became dependent on men's incomes. 2. Men had first access to all money coming into the household. 3. Women became responsible for deciding most of their families' purchases.

Which descriptions are generally true of single mothers on welfare?

1. rely on family and friends for cash and other help 2.they are better off than a typical low-wage job -Borrowing and bartering is a way to navigate the challenges of transportation and child care. -Because of high child care costs, the gap between earnings and expenses tends to be worse in low-wage jobs.

Which items are among the rights that come with being legally married?

1. the right to make medical decisions for one's spouse 2. the right to transfer income and property to and from one's spouse, tax-free 3. the right to be covered by a spouse's employer-provided family health insurance

This animation explains how, paradoxically, the home is not a refuge from inequality but rather is where inequality starts. Which children are, by virtue of birth order, at risk of being shortchanged in the allocation of parental attentions?

At Risk the middle-born of three or more siblings Not at Risk -the youngest of three or more siblings -the oldest of three or more siblings -the older of two siblings the younger of two siblings

Which statistical observations about women in the U.S. labor force are supported by the graph shown?

By 1980, more women were in the labor force than out of it.

In 1965, Daniel Patrick Moynihan examines the problems that tend to hold African American Families back from socioeconomic success. What was his main diagnosis?

Excessively female-dominated family structures (matriarchy) diminished the role of the father. Moynihan argues that the emasculating effect of women's dominance in the household has led to all sorts of destructive male behaviors.

It wasn't until the 1960s that the divorce rate began to rise in the U.S.

False In the last decade or so, the divorce rate has more or less stabilized.

Which statistical observations about time spent doing housework are supported by the graph shown?

The total amount of time spent on housework has steadily declined in recent decades. Housework is more equally divided between men and women today than it was a century ago.

The queer activist group beyondmarriage.org wants to replace two-person marriage, as a legal concept, with a different concept. What is that different concept?

a "legal family" with an indefinite number of members -One concern with this agenda would be the problems and paradoxes that come with extending marriage-like rights to more than two people

Which development in the 1950s made the ideal of the traditional nuclear family attainable for a large fraction of the U.S. population?

a sharp rise in inflation-adjusted wages

Rank the forms of elder abuse from most common to least common.

financial, emotional, physical, sexual

What is the current status of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA)?

it was signed into law but then ruled unconstitutional The Supreme Court ruled against one section of the law, the part that considered same-sex couples, in 2013.

Kinship networks include both lateral and vertical ties. Vertical ties run between parents and their children and thereby link members of different generations. Lateral ties run between siblings and cousins and thereby link members of the same generation.

parents and children different generations siblings and cousins same generations

Betty Friedan wrote The Feminine Mystique, published in 1963, which talked about the downsides of being a homemaker. Friedan was in actuality referring to which characteristic of family dynamics?

power Friedan opened the discussion about the role of women in the family, and later sociologists looked at power.

Which men are most likely to be competent and engaged housekeepers, cooks, and parents?

single fathers

Which point about sibling relationships is illustrated by the family of President Bill Clinton?

two siblings with similar starting points can have very unequal outcomes One became president, while the other became a convicted drug dealer.

Researchers have remarked that when husband and wife both work, the income is gendered. This means that although the wife usually makes most of the week-by-week purchasing decisions, money earned by the husband is earmarked for necessities, like rent, whereas money earned by the wife is earmarked for nonessentials, like family outings.

wife necessities rent nonessentials family outgoings