chapter 12 quizlet

applications AI

-Diagnose illness -Approve mortgage applications -Schedule delivery routes -Play chess

Three layers ( neural networks )

-Input layer -Output layer -Middle, hidden layer

PaaS

-Online programming environment -Develop and test applications -Deploy custom applications

Install could be

1.Phased in 2.Parallel 3.Online all at once

stakeholders

: is someone who has an interest in and will be affected by the successful completion of a project, such as a manager, an owner, a user, a security professional, a telecommunications staff member, or a software developer.

waterfall approach

= SDLC = Oldest system dev model

software development kit

A bundle of libraries and tools that are developed for a particular platform.

integrated development environment

A complete system for developing software, typically consisting of a code editor, one or more compilers, one or more SDKs, and a debugger.

third generation

A computer language for which a compiler is needed to convert the code into machine language that a computer can understand and execute. Most modern programming languages, both procedural and object-oriented programming (OOP), fall in this category

fourth generation

A computer language that's designed to be closer to natural language than a 3GL. Many 4GLs are used for accessing databases.

flow chart

A graphic view of an algorithm. - arrows show direction other symbols show action

system specification report

A logical model of the new system

1st gen

A machine language written in binary that can be understood by a computer

software developers

A person who designs and writes computer programs.

beta version

A pre-release version of software.

client side program

A program in which the coding is within a webpage, downloaded to the client computer, and compiled and executed by a browser or plug-in.

compiler

A program that converts programming code into machine language that a computer can read and execute.

server side program

A program that runs on a web server instead of the client computer. No special software is needed by the client.

assembly language

A programming language that is written with statements closer to language that humans speak, which must be converted into machine language by an assembler before the computer can execute it.

machine language

A programming language written in binary that can be understood by a computer.

object oriented programming

A programming model that defines objects and the actions or methods that can be performed on them.

procedural programming

A programming model that uses a step-by-step list of instructions.

syntax rule

A rule that defines the correct construction of commands in a programming language.

algorithm

A set of steps used to solve a problem

micro payments

A small charge for additional lives, levels, or other features from within an app.

macros

A small program used to automate tasks in applications such as Word and Excel

control structure

A structure (sequence, selection, and loop) used in flowcharts and pseudocode to show the logic and the processing flow of an algorithm.

fifth generation

A system that a user can use without actually writing code. Primarily used in artificial intelligence applications and in combination with Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) application development.

2nd gen

An assembly language that must be converted into a machine language by an assembler before a computer can execute it.

logic error

An error in programming logic that results in an unexpected outcome.

syntax error

An error in the way code is written.

runtime error

An error that occurs when a program is running and data or a command that is entered causes it to crash.

implementation and testing

Coding takes place Programmers use designs and specs to create system Written in modules

Neural Networks

Emulate biological connections, neurons, of the human brain

maintenance

May change or be updated •System should be reviewed periodically •Security holes/ bug fixes / new features •Retraining •Documentation •Day to day operation

design phase

Select a solution that meets the requirements - could be purchased or built Cost effect options Design of system begins If built instead of purchased, then Application specs are written

project manager

The leader of a project team, who coordinates the team and keeps the project on track.

computer programming

The process of converting an algorithm into instructions the computer can understand.

sdlc

The traditional model for system development, which consists of five phases—planning, analysis, design, implementation and testing, and maintenance—where each phase is completed in order before the next can begin.

documentation

created throughout programming cycle for users and programers

requirements analysis

define requirements for new system

Pseudocode

expresses the steps of an algorithm using English-like statements that focus on logic, not syntax

Feasibility study

includes the creation of the terms of reference or project charter, which states the objectives and scope of the project; the timeline for the project; risks; participants; deliverables; and budget.

computer program

is a sequence of instructions for a computer to follow

program development cycle

is a set of five steps that a programmer follows to create a computer program

agile development

is an incremental and iterative process that uses short iterations or sprints, with the project team stopping and reevaluating the direction of a project every 2 weeks. At the end of each iteration, testing is done, and stakeholders review progress and reevaluate priorities. Projects are adjusted along the way as needs and business conditions change. Agile Development is a rapid and adaptive development model.

Artificial Intelligence

is the branch of science concerned with making computers behave like humans. Modern applications include weather forecasting, speech and pattern recognition, science and engineering applications, and financial predictions. Two of the most common programming languages used in AI development are the 5G languages LISP and Prolog.

Rapid Application Development

o Iterative process o Uses prototyping o user testing o uses Object Oriented Programming (OOP)

Joint application development

oMore collaborative than SDLC oInvolves End user throughout design and dev oJAD sessions oShorter dev times

data flow diagram

shows flow of data through current system and show deficiencies

green code

which is written to be efficient so the program runs on the hardware with minimal impact

defining a problem

• Input • Processing and output

Programs written in Modules

• Unit testing • Integration or link testing • Volume (load) testing • Acceptance testing • User training • Installation

defining a solution

•Algorithm •Flowchart •Control structures •Pseudocode - expresses the steps of an algorithm using English-like statements that focus on logic, not syntax