Chapter 12: Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders

Which of the following is the rate of cigarette smoking in adults in the United States ages 18 to 25?

About 30 percent

Which of the following medications reduce the risk of relapse in alcohol use by reducing the person's urge to drink and use alcohol as a means of anxiety control?

Acamprosate

Substance —————— occurs when a person experiences a drug's effects on their physiological functioning and shows signs of significant impairment.

Intoxication

According to the —————— —————, there are three main pathways leading to three subtypes of gambling disorder.

Pathways model

Which of the following is an active ingredient in cannabis?

THC pg. 292

Kelsey has developed Korsakoff's syndrome and is not able to learn new information. This is described as

anterograde amnesia. pg. 292

According to --------- - process theory of alcohol use disorder, there is a cognitive system involving automatic impulses and a cognitive system that could regulate such impulses.

dual

From a behavioral perspective, gambling disorder may develop because

gambling offers a pattern of reinforcement and rewards

A(n) ----------- is a drug that causes people to experience profound distortions in their perception of reality.

hallucinogens pg. 292

The effect of inhalants is that vapors displace the air in the lungs, leading to

hypoxia (oxygen deprivation) pg. 292

Which of the following produces an altered sense of time and self, may result in synesthesia, and may involve terrifying feelings of panic, losing control, going insane, or dying?

lysergic acid diethlamide (LSD) pg. 292

The term ------------- describes the effect that occurs when alcohol is combined with other drugs and the effects of the drugs taken together are greater than the effect of either substance taken.

potentiation pg. 292

Which of the following are associated with alcohol use disorders, according to a landmark longitudinal study conducted in the early 1980s?

- Low achievement in school - Childhood antisocial behavior - Problems with the law pg. 292

Which of the following were interventions utilized for Carl Wadsworth, according to the opening case study?

- A supportive environment - Psychotherapy - Medication

According to the opening case study, Carl Wadsworth's dual diagnosis consisted of which of the following?

- Aicohol use disorder severe - Bipolar I disorder

According to the U.S. government's National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), in 2013 an estimated —————- Americans aged 12 and old used illicit drugs at least once in the preceding 30 days.

24.6 million pg. 292

Twin, family, and adoption studies point to the importance of genetic factors as contributors to alcohol-related disorders, with an estimated heritabillity of

50 to 60 percent.

Caffeine is a(n) ----------- found in coffee, tea, chocolate, energy drinks, diet pills, and headache remedies.

stimulant

A cluster of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms indicating that the individual continues using a substance even though it causes significant problems in his or her life is known ———————— disorder.

substance use

Users can stop using LSD without -------------; however, it produces -----------, so users may need to take larger doses to achieve the effects that they desire.

withdrawal; tolerance pg. 292

Bart was a heavy drinker of alcohol but one day decided to just stop completely. He immediately began to have severe physiological and psychological symptoms, including anxiety and shakiness.. Bart is most likely displaying substance ———————.

withdrawl

Cocaine use is

more common in men then in women. pg. 292

Which of the following are true of MDMA?

- Its popular street name is ecstasy. - It is a hallucinogen. pg. 292

Which of the following describe the effects of psilocybin?

- Difficultly differentiating fantasy from reality - Effects that are Sicilian to the effects of LSD - Alterations in motor reflexes pg. 292

Which of the following are common effects on the daily lives of individuals diagnosed with substance use disorder?

- Endangering oneself and others - Failure to uphold obligations at work and at home - Experiencing legal problems

According to the text, what tare the delivery modes of marijuana?

- It can be injected. -It can be smoked. -It can be mixed into food. pg. 292

Which of the following apply to preyote?

- Its active ingredient is mescaline. - Its long-term effects are unknown. - Its used in Mexican religious ceremonies. pg. 292

Which of the following describe the effects of cocaine?

- Mental alertness - Euphoria "The effects of cocaine include feelings of euphoria, heightened mental alertness, reduced fatigue, and heightened energy." pg. 292

Which of the following disorders are most commonily associated with substance abuse?

- Mood disorders - Anxiety disorders

Which of the following medications are used to prevent heroin relapse?

- Naltrexone - Buprenorphine - Methadone pg. 292

Which of the following disorders often coincide with gambling disorder?

- Nicotine and other substance disorders - Anxiety disorder - Mood disorder

Which of the following are biological treatments for nicotine dependence?

- Nicotine replacement therapies - Bupropion pg. 292

Which of the following is a substance that relieves pain?

- Opioid

Which of the following best apply to opioid usage?

- Opioids are substances that relieve pain. - The risk of death by overdose s significant. - Opioids are the most frequently abused prescription drugs. pg. 292

which of the following are opioids?

- OxyContin - Hydrocodone - Percocet pg. 292

Which of the following are the four major categories of hallucinogens?

- Peyote - LSD - Phencyclidine - Psilocybin pg. 292

Which of the following factors affect alcohol absorption?

- Whether or not food present in the digestive system - The period of time over which alcohol is consumed - The drinker's metabolic rate - The amount of alcohol that is consumed

Which of the following are effects of heroin use?

- The potential to develop tolerance - Severe withdrawal is discontinued - A high potential for addiction pg. 292

Which of the following are true in regard to alcohol expectancies?

- They develop even before alcohol is tasted. - They May include beliefs regarding control. - They are "if-then" contingencies. pg. 292

Which of the following are legitimate medical uses of marijuana?

- Treating glaucoma - Reducing nausea in cancer patients - Treating in asthma pg. 292

According to the text, illicit drug use tends to be lower among

- people living in rural areas - people who are employed - college graduates.

Treatment for substance use disorders depend on

- which receptor pathways are involved. - psychosocial factors pg. 292

Around which of the following ages is methamphetamine use likely to begin?

18

Which group of people has the highest rates of drinking?

Adults ages to 21 to 25 pg. 292

Olga has been taking drugs that affect both her central nervous system and automatic nervous system. When she takes these drugs, she becomes hostile, violent, and paranoid, and her blood pressure increases. Which of the following is she most likely taking?

Amphetamines pg. 292

Which of the following best describes the result of the category of drugs referred to as stimulants?

An activating effect on the nervous system pg. 292

The medications that are among the most commonly abused drugs in the United States are

Anxiolytics. pg. 292

Which of the following models is most useful for understanding substance use disorder and approaches to treatment?

Biopsychosocial

Which of the following changes were made in the DSM-5 in regard to caffeine?

Caffeine withdrawal has been added. pg. 292

Marijuana is a mix of flowers, stems, and leaves from the hemp plant ---------- ---------.

Cannabis sativa pg. 292

Which of the following is a stimulant whose use produces a number of adverse effects over time, including changes within the nose, problems with swallowing and hoarseness, bowl gangrene, and increased risk of HIV/AIDS?r

Cocaine pg. 292

Which of the following changes in regard to substance abuse and dependence is present in the DSM-5

Dependence and abuse have been combined.

Which of the following medications is used in aversion therapy in which a person experiences unpleasant physical reactions after consuming alcohol while taking the medications?

Disulfiram pg. 292

(True or False): Methamphetamines are addictive stimulants with no long-term detrimental health effects.

False pg. 292

(True or False): Opiod usage is always detrimental to one's well being.

False pg. 292

Ken feels compelled to bet on horses and is at the race track whenever there are races. Ken has lost a lot of money, but he knows he can win it back with just one lucky break. He does not tell his wife how much he has actually lost. Ken would likely be diagnosed with which of the following?

Gambling disorder

Which of the following is a form of opiod that is a pain-killing drug synthesized from morphine and once, ingested, is converted by the body to morphine and then bound to opioid receptors located in areas throughout the brain and body, particularly those involved in reward and pain perception?

Heroin pg. 292

Which of the following best describes the action of caffeine in the body?

It activates the sympathetic nervous system through increasing the production of adrenaline.

Which of the following best describes the physiological action of tobacco?

It stimulates the release of adrenaline, which activates the autonomic nervouse system and increases blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration. pg. 292

Which of the following is the most commonly used illicit drug?

Marijuana pg. 292

Which of the following is an addictive stimulant drug that is related to amphetamines but provokes more intense central nervous system effects and can be smoked and /or taken through the nose, intravenously, or orally?

Methamphetamine pg. 292

Emmett has recently become unemployed, and he is quite distressed about it. His neighbor Heidi also lost her job, and she is not happy either. According to research, how likely is Emmett to use or abuse alcohol in relation to Heidi?

More likely than Heidi

Which of the following medications is designed to prevent relapse among those with alcohol use disorder?

Naltrexone pg. 292

Randall's psychologist tells him that it is fairly common for people in alcohol abstinence programs to slip and go back to drinking and that the best remedy is to consider this a temporary setback. Which of the following is the psychologist reflecting?

Relapse prevention techniques pg. 292

Match the substance with it depressant effect.

Sedatives = Produce a soothing or calming effect. Hypnotics = Induce sleep Anxiolytics = Treat anxiety

Which of the following is the primary neurotransmitter of action in MDMA?

Serotonin pg. 292

Which of the following perspectives would focus on stressors in the family, community, and culture as aspects of substance use disorders?

Sociocultural pg. 292

—————— occurs when a person requires increasingly greater amounts of a substance in order to achieve desired effects.

Tolerance

(True or False): There is considerable research evidence that supports the importance of genetics in the development of serious substance problems.

True pg. 292

People with PCP intoxication may be misdiagnosed as having a psychotic disorder unrelated to substance use.

True pg. 292

An acute and potentially reversible condition involving delirium, eye movement disturbances, difficulties in movement and balance, and deterioration of the peripheral nerves to the hands and feet because of a thiamine deficiency caused by chronic alcohol use is

Wernic'ks disease pg. 292

Greta went to a party and drank an excessive amount of alcohol, which resulted in nausea, vomiting, tremors, headache, and dizziness the next day. This is described as a "hangover" or, more clinically as ---------------.

abstinence syndrome pg. 292

Though they were separate categories in the DSM-IV-TR, substance —————- and substance ——————— have been combined into a single dimensional rating in the DSM-5.

abuse; dependence

Russell is seeing a therapist to help him develop coping skills to deal with his substance use disorder. Most likely, Russell's therapist is

cognitive-behavioral. pg.

Korsakoff's syndrome is a permanent form of --------- and is associated with long-term, heavy alcohol use.

dementiayy

The primary emphasis of the Combined Behavioral Intervention (CBI) program is

enhancing reinforcement and social support for abstinence.

According to the text, the majority of the first-time drug users choose -------------.

marijuana pg. 292

Effects of the use of ------------ include impaired short-term memory, slowed reaction time and impaired physical coordination, altered judgement, and poor decision making, instead of feeling euphoric and relaxed, users may experience paranoia and anxiety.

marijuana pg. 292

Psilocybin is found in some ---------------.

mushrooms. pg. 292

Alcohol --------- theory states that as people consume greater amounts of alcohol, they are more likely to make risky choices because the immediate temptation of the moment overcomes the possible long-term consequences.

myopia pg. 292

The effect of alcohol is that it depresses the central ------------ system.

nervous pg. 292

The health risks of tobacco are well known. The psychoactive infgredient in cigarettes is

nicotine pg. 292

Which of the following best describes the pharmacological effects of disulfiram?

reactions It blocks theaction of an enzyme that normally breaks down acetaldehyde, a toxic product Involved in ethanol metabolism.

An inability to remember past events is —————— amnesia.

retrograde pg. 292

The nucleus accumbens, a key area of the brain involved in -----------, is affected by cocaine.

reward pg. 292