Chapter 13 - Reformations & Religious Wars
Protestant
who/what- A protestant was the name originally given to followers of Luther which came to mean all non-catholic western Christian groups when- 1529 where- Europe importance- Protestants were important because they are all people who wanted a change in the church or a break from Rome. They were the reasons for some reforms in the church
indulgence
who/what- An indulgence was a document issued by the Catholic Church lessening penance or time in purgatory, widely believed to bring forgiveness of all sins when- 1500-1600 where- Europe importance- An indulgence was important because people believed that if you spent an amount of time in purgatory you would go to heaven.
Anabaptists
who/what- Anabaptists were "rebaptizers" when- 1520 where- Europe importance- Anabaptists were important they all rejected the idea of the church and state being united
anticlericalism
who/what- Anticlericalism is the opposition to the clergy when- 1500-1600 where- Europe importance- Anticlericalism is important because opposition to the clergy was showing in many things in the clergy sixteeth century.
Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire
who/what- Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire was a ninteen-year-old Habsburg prince who was choosen as emperor when- 1519-1556 where- Europe importance- Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire because the course of the reformation was shaped by his election and by the political relationships surrounding it.
Christian III of Denmark
who/what- Christian III of Denmark was the first king to accept Remformation in the Kingdom of Denmark-Norway when- 1559 where- Denmark-Norway importance- Christian III of Denmark was important because he accepted Remformation and broke with the Catholic Church
Edict of Nantes
who/what- Edict of Nantes was a document issued by Henry IV of France in 1598, granting liberty of conscience and of public worship to Calvinists, which helped restore peace in France when- 1598 where- France importance- Edict of Nantes was important because this helped restore internal peace in France from religious conflicts
Elizabeth I of England
who/what- Elizabeth I of England was the daughter of Henry VII and Anne Boleynm, and she ruled England when- 1558-1603 where- England importance- Elizabeth was important because she was a protestant, but she still made sure that church and government officials new that she was the supreme.
Gustavus Vasa of Sweden
who/what- Gustavus Vasa of Sweden came to the throne during a civil war with Denmark when- 1523-1560 where- Sweden importance- Gustavus Vasa of Sweden was important because he took over control of the church personel and income
Henry VIII of England
who/what- Henry VII of England was the king of England who was married to Catherine of Aragon and wanted a divorce because she couldn't conseve a son. when- 1509-1547 where- England importance- Henry VII of England was important because Catherine was the widow of his brother
Huguenots
who/what- Huguenots were French Calvinists when- 1500-1600 where- France importance- Huguenots were important because the French were attracted to Calvinism, and it drew converts from amoung reforminded members of the Catholic clergy
Jesuits
who/what- Jesuits are members of the society of Jesus, founded by Ignatius Loyola, whose goal was the spread of the Roman Catholic faith. when- 1500-1600 where- Europe importance- Jesuits werer important because they played a powerful international role in strengthening Catholicism in Euro and spreading the faith around the world
John Calvin
who/what- John Calvin was a protestant who studied law, he believed God had specifically choosen him to reform the church. when- 1509-1564 where- Noyon importance- John Calvin was important because he worked assiduously to establish a well-disciplined Christian society in which church and state acted together
John Knox
who/what- John Knox dominated the reform movement, which led to the establishment of a state church when- 1505?-1572 where- Europe importance- John Knox was important because he was determined to structure the Scottish church after the model of Geneva
Martin Luther
who/what- Martin Luther was an obscure professor from a new and not very prestigious German unversity when- 1483-1546 where- Europe importance- Martin Luther is important because he is the most important protestant. He was the first to challenge the church and spoke his mind.
politiques
who/what- Politiques were Catholic and Protestant moderates who held that only a strong monarchy could save France from total collapse. when- 1500-1600 where- France importance- Politiques were important because they were both faiths (catholic and protestants) and thought only a strong monarchy could help France from collapsing
Predestination
who/what- Predestination was the teaching that God has determined the salvation of damnation of individuals based on his will and purpose, not on their merit or works when- 1500-1600 where- Europe importance- Predestination was important because it is the teaching that humans can't achieve salvation, God knows from the begining who is saved and who is damned
Augsburg Confession
who/what- The Augsburg confession was a statement of faith developed by the Lutherans when- 1530 where- Augsburg importance- The Augsburg Confession was important because it remains an authoritative statement of belief for many Lutheran churches.
Holy Office
who/what- The Holy Office was the official Roman catholic agency founded in 1542 to combat international doctrinal heresy when- 1542 where- Europe importance- The holy office was important because it was a powerful instrument of the Catholic Reformation
Institutes of the Christian Religion
who/what- The Institutes of the Christian Religion is Calvin's formulation of Christian doctrine, which became a systematic theology for Protestantism when- 1536 where- Geneva importance- The institutes of the christian religion was important because it was the way to understand Calvins ideas.
Ninety-five Theses on the power of Indulgences
who/what- The Ninety-five Theses on the power of Indulgences is an argument that underminded the seriousness of sacrament of penance when- 1517 where- Europe importance- The ninety-five theses on the power of indulgences was important because Luther wrote it because he thought that indulgences were wrong and underminded the seriousness of penance.
Peace of Augsburg
who/what- The Peace of Augsburgh was a treaty between Charles V and the forces of the Schmalkaldie League. It ended religious struggle when- 1555 where- augsburgh importance- The peace of Augsburg is important because it ended the religious struggle and war
Spanish Armada 1588
who/what- The Spanish Armada was the fleet sent by Philip II of Spain in 1588 against England as a religious crusade againist Protestantism. Weather and the English fleet defeated it when- 1588 where- England importance- The spanish armada was important because it was Philps retaliation against England and he failed
Council of Trent
who/what- The council of Trent was called by Pope Paul III, to reform the Catholic Church and reconcilize with the Protestants when- 1545-1563 where- Trent importance- The council of Trent was important because Pope Paul thought that he would be able to reconcilize with protestants but that didnt happen because Charles V and France both worked against eachother
Ulrich Zwingli
who/what- Ulrich Zwingli was a swiss humanist, priest, and admirer of Erasmus when- 1484 where- Europe importance- Ulrich Zwingli was important because he attacked the church. He attacked indulgences, the Mass, the institution of monasticism, and clerical celbacy
Union of Utrecht
who/what- Union of Utrecht was the alliance of seven northern provinces (led by Holland) that declared its independence from Spain and formed the United Provinces of the Netherlands when- 1581 where- importance- The Union of Utrecht was important because when the seven provinces declared their independence from Spain
witch panic
who/what- Witch panic was a small hunt, involving from five to ten suspects when- 1500-1600 where- Europe importance- The witch panic was important because it was led after and intial suspect of witch craft had been questionedm and particulary if he or she had been tortured