CHAPTER 14

Spurred by the need to coordinate train schedules, when did standardized time zones become official across the United States?

1918

Who was Dred Scott?

An enslaved man who sued for freedom

What argument did Dred Scott use to advocate for his freedom (and that of his wife and children)?

Because they had lived in a free state, they were no longer legally enslaved.

Uncle Tom's Cabin ______.

Brought vivid depictions of slavery to Northern audiences

Which state was admitted to the Union as a free state under the Compromise of 1850?

California

The Know-Nothing Party was characterized by their hostility to which two primary groups?

Catholics Immigrants

By 1860, _____ was a major metropolis in large part due to its position as the bridge between the two halves of the nation's rail network.

Chicago

During the 1860 election, the _____ Party split between North and South, running two candidates.

Democratic

Douglas' Freeport Doctrine helped him convince his ______.

Democratic constituents that he was not beholden to the Slave Power

In the 1850s, thousands of miles of train tracks were built in the United States, financed by ______.

Federal and state governments, as well as private investment

What is a primary way that the growth of America's rail network transformed the lives of everyday Americans in the 1850s?

It lowered the cost of transporting farm produce across far distances

Which of the following was true of Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin?

It was an antislavery novel It was one of the most widely purchased books in nineteenth-century America

Who was the Republican Party's nominee for president in 1856?

John C. Frémont

The Fugitive Slave Act _____.

Made it more difficult for people who had escaped slavery to live freely in the North

In the 1848 election, _____ was the presidential candidate for the Free Soil Party.

Martin Van Buren

When Kansas voted on the status of statehood in 1855, the number of votes cast far exceeded the number of white settlers in Kansas because proslavery forces from _____ traveled to Kansas to cast votes.

Missouri

In addition to ruling on the enslaved status of the Scott family during the Dred Scott v. Sandford case, the Court also ruled that the _____ was unconstitutional.

Missouri Compromise

The Know-Nothing Party of the _____ also ran on an antislavery platform.

Northeast

Who supported John Brown's raid at Harpers Ferry?

Northern abolitionists

What were the goals of John Brown's raid at Harpers Ferry?

Securing arms for a slave insurrection correct Seizing a federal arsenal

The Freeport Doctrine espoused by Stephen Douglas stated that

Settlers in the Western territories could undermine slavery by refusing to enact laws to protect it

Who supported statehood for Kansas under the proslavery Lecompton Constitution?

Southerners President Buchanan

What were two outcomes of the Preston Brooks' 1856 attack on Charles Sumner?

Sumner became a martyr in the North Both men were re-elected to their positions

Why did Preston Brooks beat Charles Sumner with a cane on the Senate floor in 1856?

Sumner had insulted Brooks' cousin as part of an antislavery speech

What political party was founded in 1854, in the midst of the Kansas-Nebraska controversy?

The Republican Party

What were the outcomes of the Dred Scott v. Sandford case?

The Scotts remained enslaved Justice Taney ruled that Scott had no right to sue or obtain citizenship as a Black person

Senator Stephen Douglas's political career was instantly jeopardized by the Dred Scott decision because ______.

The decision had undermined his championing of popular sovereignty as a solution to the slavery problem

What was true of the two legislatures established following the disputed election in Kansas in 1855?

The president and Senate recognized the pro-slavery government, but the territorial governor and the House recognized the anti-slavery government Both sides requested assistance from supporters in outside states

In addition to addressing the status of slavery in California, New Mexico, and Utah, what else was included in the Compromise of 1850?

The slave trade was abolished in Washington, D.C. Congress passed a stricter law for returning people who had escaped from slavery to their slaveholders

The Kansas--Nebraska Act included which of the following elements?

The status of slavery would be decided by popular sovereignty in the Western territories at the time of their application for statehood The Nebraska Territory would be split into two territories: Nebraska and Kansas Slavery would no longer be banned north of 36°30'

What was the only permissible defense for people captured under the Fugitive Slave Act?

They could claim they were not the person listed on the warrant

Which of the following was true of wage laborers in the 1850s?

They were compared unfavorably to enslaved workers by both Northerners and Southerners Their wages were considered low by the living standards of the day

Why did it become necessary to begin standardizing time in the United States?

To maintain train schedules correct To avoid traffic jams and collisions on the railways incorrect To coordinate business hours between cities by telegraph

In the 1850s, what was the most controversial feature of the new world of industrial work?

Wage labor

Following the completion of the Galena and Chicago Union Railroad line in 1848, Chicago became the major destination for _____ grown north and west of the city.

Wheat

The Kansas--Nebraska Act led to the collapse of the _____ Party and the Second Party System after Northern members of the party refused to support the act.

Whig