Chapter 17: 1918-1929 African Americans and the 1920s

Pan-Africanism

A movement of people of African descent from sub-Saharan Africa in the early twentieth century that emphasized heir identity, shared experiences, and the need to liberate Africa from its European colonizers.

Negro National League

A professional baseball league for black players and teams organized in 1912.

Harlem Renaissance

As New York City became a destination for black migrants before, during, and after World War I, most of them settled in Harlem - a large neighborhood in the northern portion of Manhattan Island - which by the 1920s became a center of African-American cultural activities including literature art, and music.

Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (BSCP)

Black men and women who worked on Pullman passenger coaches on the nation's railroads organized this labor union in 1925 with A. Philip Randolph as its leader.

Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)

Established in 1914 in Jamaica by Marcus Garvey, it fostered racial pride, African heritage, Christian faith, and economic uplift.

Red Scare

The widespread fear among many Americans in the years immediately after World War I, from about 1918 to about 1924, that Russia's 1917 Bolshevik Revolution might result in communists attempting to take over the U.S. government.