Chapter 17 learn smart

Protein

A three dimensional polymer made of monomers of amino acids.

Which hormone triggers the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex

ACTH

Which of the following hormones are made in the hypothalamus

ADH and oxytocin

The paired triangular Glands are found atop the superior surface of each kidney

Adrenal

Which of the following are considered major endocrine organs of the body

Adrenal thyroid and pituitary gland

Eicosanoids are locally acting hormones. If they target the same cells from which they were released, this is an example of. Stimulation

Autocrine

If someone has type 1 diabetes, it is because the Cells in their pancreas are no longer producing insulin

Beta

Most hormones are transported in the To the target cell

Blood

Endocrine glands secrete their product directly into the

Bloodstream

lipid soluble hormones travel in the blood joined to a protein carrier and thus are called

Bound hormones

A hormone secreted by the hypothalamus is

CRH

The cells are the source of the parathyroid hormone, PTH

Chief

Chronic inflammation is often treated with which glucocorticoid

Cortisol

The pineal gland is a small, cones shaped structure attached to the posterior portion of the

Epithalamus

Females and Androgens produced by the zona reticularis are converted to

Estrogen

In acromegaly, the individual doesn't grow in height, but the bones of the enlarge and widen

Face feet and hands

Melanocytes Stimulating Hormone is most active in adults

False

True or false: A hormone only has receptors on one type of cell in the body

False

Which of the following are symptoms associated with hypothyroidism

Feeling cold, weight gain, sluggishness

Which is reduced as a consequence of an aging endocrine system

GH levels, sex hormone levels, muscle mass

The endocrine system release chemical messengers called Into the blood stream

Hormones

If a diabetic patient objects to much insulin into their body, their blood sugar levels can drop dramatically resulting in what condition

Hypoglycemia

Insulin has which of the following effects on cells?

Increased lipogenesis in adipose cells. Increased glycogenesis by liver cells. Increased uptake of glucose by most cells.

Which are the following types of regulatory hormones released by the hypothalamus

Inhibiting, releasing

Beta cells secrete when blood glucose levels are elevated

Insulin

In T3 the three refers to the number of Molecules in the hormone

Iodine

Which of the following hormones are considered gonadotropins

LH and FSH

Which hormone is associated with stimulating appetite

Lipten

Menstrual cramps are caused by prostaglandins which are both produced by and affect the uterus. Because they are produced by and affect the same area of the body they are considered

Local hormones

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is released from the hypothalamus in which of the following stimuli

Low body temperature and a decreased level of thyroid hormone in the blood

The endocrine system has many functions including

Maintaining blood volume, controlling movement of food through the digestive tract, and regulating blood ion concentrations

Less severe type 2 diabetes can be treated with which of the following treatments?

Medications that enhance insulin release, exercise, and diet

The part of the adrenal gland that produces epinephrine and norepinephrine as a part of a sympathetic nervous system response to an emergency is the adrenal

Medulla

water soluble hormones bind to their target cell's receptors found

On the surface of the plasma membrane

Eicosanoids are locally acting hormones. If they target cells neighboring from which they were released, this is an example of Stimulation

Paracrine

The Glands are located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland

Parathyroid gland

Also known as the hypophysis, lies inferior to the hypothalamus

Pituitary gland

The Gland, also known as the hypophysis, lies inferior to the hypothalamus

Pituitary gland

The hypothalamus communicates with the anterior pituitary gland by the way of the hypothalamus hypophyseal System

Portal

Which are actions by which the hypothalamus directly regulates endocrine activity?

Producing two hormones that are stored in the posterior pituitary gland Producing regulatory molecules that either stimulate or inhibit the anterior pituitary gland

Because of their structure, water soluble hormones bind a receptor on the cell membrane initiating a series of biochemical events across the membrane known as

Signal pathway

Rank the half-life of the following types of hormones in order from shortest to longest

Small water-soluble, large water-soluble, lipid soluble

Under the microscope, the gland is composed of spherical structures called follicles

Thyroid

THR travels through the portal system from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland causing the release of

Thyroid stimulating hormone

True or false: Insulin promotes lipid storage

True

The anterior pituitary gland is also referred to as the

adenohypophysis

The majority of the pituitary gland is composed of the

adenohypophysis

Place the stages of the stress response in chronological order

alarm reaction, stage of resistance, stage of exhaustion

The liver release Which will become angiotensin II

angiotensinogen

A single target cell of a hormone

can display differing numbers of receptors for the same hormone

Steroid hormones are a type of lipid derived from

cholesterol

The most common glucocorticoids are

cortisol and corticosterone

type 2 diabetes results from either decreased insulin release or

decreased insulin effectiveness

steroid hormones

derived from cholesterol

too much growth hormone in childhood causes pituitary

gigantism

Insulin promotes

glycogenesis

Hormones can be released as a direct response to which of the following stimuli

humoral, neural, hormonal

Thyroid hormones have which of the following effects

increasing metabolism increasing body temperature

The thymus is relatively large in

infants

Which of the following are types of locally-acting hormones called eicosanoids

leukotrienes, prostaglandins, thromboxanes

The outer region of the adrenal gland is the cortex, within which lies the inner region called the adrenal

medulla

When a water-soluble hormone binds to its target cell, the subsequent cascade of intercellular chemical reactions can result in which of the following

muscle contraction, increased permeability of the cell membrane

Which are hormones that are released from the posterior pituitary gland?

oxytocin and ADH

Which endocrine gland is found in the epithalamus of the brain

pineal gland

Only cells with specific ________ for the hormone respond to that hormone.

receptors

The Zona reticularis secrets

sex steroids (e.g. estrogens and androgens)

What are the two factors that affect the concentration of a circulating hormone

synthesis and elimination

Hormones are classified based on their chemical structure into how many distinct groups

three

If a target cell is continually understimulated by a particular hormone it has receptors to, it will increase the number of receptors it has through ___ regulation

up