Chapter 18

While hospitalized, an elderly patient with a history of myocardial infarction was noted to have high levels of LDL. What is the significance of this finding?

Increased LDL levels are associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease

An elderly patient's blood pressure is measured at 160/98. How would his left ventricular function be affected by this level of blood pressure?

Left ventricular workload is increased with high after-load

A patient with chest pain who exhibits ST elevation on an ECG should be evaluated for thrombolytic therapy

True

A person who experiences signs and symptoms consistent with acute coronary syndrome should immediately take an aspirin

True

Diastolic heart murmurs are always pathologic.

True

Most myocardial infarctions occur when an atherosclerotic plaque stimulates thrombus formation at the site.

True

Mitral stenosis is associated with

a pressure gradient across the mitral valve

An example of an acyonatic heart defect is

ventricular septal defect

Pulmonary valvular stenosis is characterized by a high right atrial/right ventricular pressure gradient during diastole

False

Which is an accurate description of patent ductus arteriosus?

A communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery

Stable angina pectoris may produce significantly elevated serum cardiac enzymes

False

The HDL value must be greater than 60 mg/dL to decrease the risk of coronary artery disease

False

What compensatory sign would be expected during periods of physical exertion in a patient with limited ventricular stroke volume

Bradycardia

Which statement regarding myocardial cell regeneration is correct?

Differentiated myocytes cannot divide, but stem cells present in the heart can

Although smoking has been linked to heart disease, it is no longer considered a major risk factor

False

Chest pain brought on by activity and resolved by rest is called Prinzmetal angina

False

Angina due to coronary artery spasm is called ____ angina

Prinzmetal variant

The most reliable indicator that a person is experiencing acute myocardial ischemia is

ST-segment elevation

A patient with a history of myocardial infarction continues to complain of intermittent chest pain brought on by exertion and relieved by rest. The likely cause of this pain is

Stable angina

Myocarditis should be suspected in a patient who presents with

acute onset of bi-ventricular failure.

The majority of cardiac cells that die after myocardial infarction do so because of

apoptosis

Decreased cardia output, muffled heart sounds, and equalized intracardiac pressures are manifestations of

cardiac tamponade

-Adrenergic antagonist (beta blocker) drug therapy may be indicated in the management of myocardial infarction to

decrease the effect of prolonged SNS stimulation

Aortic regurgitation is associated with

diastolic murmur

Rheumatic heart disease is most often a consequence of

hemolytic streptococcal infection

Restrictive pericarditis is associated with

impaired cardiac filling

The compensatory mechanisms that are triggered following myocardial infarction

increase myocardial oxygen demands

A patient who presents with a loud pansystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla most likely has

mitral regurgitation

Acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina are both acute coronary syndromes

true

A patient with significant aortic stenosis is likely to experience

syncope