Chapter 18
While hospitalized, an elderly patient with a history of myocardial infarction was noted to have high levels of LDL. What is the significance of this finding?
Increased LDL levels are associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease
An elderly patient's blood pressure is measured at 160/98. How would his left ventricular function be affected by this level of blood pressure?
Left ventricular workload is increased with high after-load
A patient with chest pain who exhibits ST elevation on an ECG should be evaluated for thrombolytic therapy
True
A person who experiences signs and symptoms consistent with acute coronary syndrome should immediately take an aspirin
True
Diastolic heart murmurs are always pathologic.
True
Most myocardial infarctions occur when an atherosclerotic plaque stimulates thrombus formation at the site.
True
Mitral stenosis is associated with
a pressure gradient across the mitral valve
An example of an acyonatic heart defect is
ventricular septal defect
Pulmonary valvular stenosis is characterized by a high right atrial/right ventricular pressure gradient during diastole
False
Which is an accurate description of patent ductus arteriosus?
A communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery
Stable angina pectoris may produce significantly elevated serum cardiac enzymes
False
The HDL value must be greater than 60 mg/dL to decrease the risk of coronary artery disease
False
What compensatory sign would be expected during periods of physical exertion in a patient with limited ventricular stroke volume
Bradycardia
Which statement regarding myocardial cell regeneration is correct?
Differentiated myocytes cannot divide, but stem cells present in the heart can
Although smoking has been linked to heart disease, it is no longer considered a major risk factor
False
Chest pain brought on by activity and resolved by rest is called Prinzmetal angina
False
Angina due to coronary artery spasm is called ____ angina
Prinzmetal variant
The most reliable indicator that a person is experiencing acute myocardial ischemia is
ST-segment elevation
A patient with a history of myocardial infarction continues to complain of intermittent chest pain brought on by exertion and relieved by rest. The likely cause of this pain is
Stable angina
Myocarditis should be suspected in a patient who presents with
acute onset of bi-ventricular failure.
The majority of cardiac cells that die after myocardial infarction do so because of
apoptosis
Decreased cardia output, muffled heart sounds, and equalized intracardiac pressures are manifestations of
cardiac tamponade
-Adrenergic antagonist (beta blocker) drug therapy may be indicated in the management of myocardial infarction to
decrease the effect of prolonged SNS stimulation
Aortic regurgitation is associated with
diastolic murmur
Rheumatic heart disease is most often a consequence of
hemolytic streptococcal infection
Restrictive pericarditis is associated with
impaired cardiac filling
The compensatory mechanisms that are triggered following myocardial infarction
increase myocardial oxygen demands
A patient who presents with a loud pansystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla most likely has
mitral regurgitation
Acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina are both acute coronary syndromes
true
A patient with significant aortic stenosis is likely to experience
syncope