Chapter 18

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Which of the following statements would John Locke find acceptable?

A positive environment will create positive results.

Which of the following was NOT characteristic of Napoleon's Grand Empire?

Absolute freedom of the press.

The person viewed as one of the founders of modern economics and known for the doctrine of laissez-faire was

Adam Smith.

Which of the following was not achieved during the regime of Napoleon?

All divorces were outlawed.

In line with mercantilist theory,

American colonies were viewed as sources of raw materials and markets by Europeans.

Lyrical Rococo depictions of aristocratic life were expressed in the work of

Antoine Watteau.

The Russian monarch whose policies favored the landed nobility at the expense of the serfs was

Catherine the Great.

The eighteenth-century ruler who called himself/herself "the first servant of the state" was

Frederick II of Prussia.

Which of the following was not an element in eighteenth-century global trade?

Gold and silver were shipped to America by Spain.

As a direct result of the French Revolution, this nation became the first Latin American state to win its independence from European colonialism.

Haiti

Outside of Europe, the major scenes of battle in the Seven Years War were

India and North America.

Which of the following statements is an accurate depiction of the nature of the British Parliament in the latter half of the eighteenth century?

It shared power with the king, gradually gaining the upper hand.

Which of the following is the correct order regarding the location of Napoleon?

Italy, Russia, Waterloo, Saint Helena

In his Essay Concerning Human Understanding, the writer who said each of us is born with a tabula rasa was

John Locke.

The Austrian ruler whose reform program abolished serfdom, eliminated internal trade barriers, and instituted a new penal code, among other things, was

Joseph II

Which of these leaders asserted, "I have made Philosophy the lawmaker of my empire"?

Joseph II

Who among the following should NOT be considered an enlightened despot?

Louis XIV.

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding developments in the French Revolution prior to September 1792?

Louis XVI was an enthusiastic supporter of the revolutionary events.

The philosophe who praised the checks and balances of the British constitution was

Montesquieu.

Which of the following was not an immediate result of the fall of Robespierre?

Napoleon was elected President of France.

Which of the following was NOT a direct result of the Seven Years' War?

The Dutch permanently withdrew from the New World.

The most active opponent of religious intolerance and the most outspoken anti-Christians among the philosophes were

Voltaire and Diderot.

Britain decided to end its war against the Americans after a combined American and French force defeated General Cornwallis at

Yorktown.

Which of the following descriptions best depicts the Rococo style?

a fondness for curves and emphasized grace, charm, and gentle action

The illegal event that constituted the start of the French Revolution was the

action of the Third Estate in declaring itself to be a National Assembly.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

argued that, in accord with the general will, people could be forced to be free.

All of the following were true about European population and food supplies in the eighteenth century except

as the century progressed, the European population declined.

Enlightenment advocates of economic liberalism

believed that individuals should be free to pursue their own economic self-interest.

Rene Descartes

claimed that "I think, therefore I am."

The Committee of Public Safety was established to

combat the dual threat of internal rebellion and foreign invasion.

The French Revolution

created an army of 650,000.

Which of the following was not one of the positive buzzwords of the Enlightenment?

divine revelation

The United States Constitution of 1787

employed Montesquieu's conception of the separation of powers.

All of the following were relevant to Newton's discoveries except

his theories had no spiritual ramifications.

The Estates-General was convened in 1789 in order to deal with the

near bankruptcy of the French Treasury.

In eighteenth-century Europe,

nobles constituted approximately two or three percent of the population.

The system that came to be known as the cottage industry involved all except

peasants grew cotton on their farms and sold the raw material to entrepreneurs.

In the American Revolution, the rebels

received the support of a number of European countries.

Napoleon gained control of the executive authority of the French government by

seizing power in a coup d'etat.

The formal event which led to the break between the American colonies and England was the

signing of the Declaration of Independence.

A discovery made by Galileo was the

similarity of the material composition of other planets and the moon to that of the earth.

Newton's Principia

supplied the new theory of the universe that combined the work of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo

The most important product of European industry in the eighteenth century was

textiles.

The Ptolemaic view of the universe believed all of the following to be true except

the planets were believed to be imperfect and material.

The philosophes generally included all of the following except

the rural lower classes.

The Catholic Church condemned the theories of Copernicus and Galileo because they

threatened the Scriptures, as the heavens were no longer a spiritual world but a world of matter.

The intellectuals of the Enlightenment advocated the

use of the scientific method to foster progress toward a "better" society.

Cartesian dualism

viewed mind and matter as two distinct and separate entities.

Enlightened absolutism

was based more on practical measures to strengthen the power of the state than to "reform" and free their populations.

Enlightened despotism

was limited by the social and political reality of the hereditary aristocracy.


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